鬼臼毒素固体脂质纳米粒的抗肿瘤活性及药代动力学研究

评价鬼臼毒素（PPT）被固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）包裹前、后的抗肿瘤效果以及在动物体内的药代动力学特点.建立昆明小鼠S180肉瘤模型,将PPT-SLN、PPT分别以5mg/kg的等效剂量对小鼠每天腹腔注射,连续3周,每天量取肿瘤体积,并观察小鼠状态、体重的变化.末次给药24h后处死小鼠,剥取瘤块称重,计算抑瘤率.将PPT-SLN、PPT以10mg/kg的等效剂量对小鼠腹腔注射,于不同时间点采血,以HPLC分析血液中PPT的含量,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,并计算药代动力学参数.研究发现,肿瘤小鼠在连续腹腔注射PPT-SLN后,肿瘤体积与重量比对照组、PPT组明显降低,抑瘤率达58.13%,抑瘤效果显著,且小鼠体重增加量比PPT组多.药代动力学结果显示,在被纳米载体包裹后,PPT在血药中的浓度得到了提升,释放时间有所延长,生物利用度也有较大提高.结果表明SLN包裹PPT能够有效地提高其血药浓度,起到缓释效果,提高其抗肿瘤活性,并降低毒性,具有较好的应用前景.     

包封多酸化合物的固体脂质纳米粒的合成及生物活性研究

The solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated polyoxometalate K₆[γ-(CpTi)₂SiW₁₀O₃₈] (abbreviated as (CpTi)₂SiW₁₀ Cp=η⁵-C₅H₅) have been prepared and structurally characterized by elemental ananlysis, IR, UV spectroscopy and TEM. The result showed that the polyoxometalate retained the parent structure after being encapsulated and the encapsulation increased the antitumoral activity of the polyoxometalate.     

脂质组成对硫辛酸脂质纳米粒的制备及其稳定性的影响

采用高压均质法制备硫辛酸(ALA)脂质纳米粒(ALA-NLC),确定了负载ALA的最佳体系。通过高效液相色谱、动态光散射、流变等测试研究了脂质成分、含量对ALA负载、ALA-NLC稳定性和分散液流变性质的影响,并用原子力显微镜观察了ALA-NLC的形貌。结果表明,脂质/ALA质量比在4.5∶1～6∶1之间,得到的脂质纳米粒分散均匀,颗粒规则;脂质中液态油脂的增加有利于保持ALA-NLC的粒径,储存稳定性和分散液的低粘度,并得到两个有望用于食品工业的ALA-NLC配方。     

可生物降解固体脂质纳米粒的制备、表征及药物的体外释放

以可生物降解材料硬脂酸为载体, 以葛根总黄酮为模型药物, 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备固体脂质纳米粒. 采用透射电镜研究载药纳米粒形态, 激光粒度分析仪测定其粒径, X射线衍射仪进行物相鉴别, 并对纳米粒的包封率及体外释药特性等进行了研究. 分析结果表明, 所制备硬脂酸固态脂质纳米粒为类球实体, 粒径分布比较均匀, 平均粒径为(263.82±3.6) nm, 包封率为(67.53±0.12)%. X射线衍射分析证明药物以分子或细小粒子分散于脂质骨架中. 体外释药研究结果表明, 纳米粒体外释药先快后慢, 12 h累积释药50%, 包封于降解材料骨架内的药物通过骨架溶蚀缓慢释放. 药物的体外释放符合Higuchi方程.     

制备温度对硫辛酸脂质纳米粒的影响

通过脂质和乳化剂筛选实验得到适合于硫辛酸(ALA)负载的脂质基体和乳化剂,在此基础上分别在55℃和65℃下用高压均质法(HPH)制备了硫辛酸脂质纳米粒(ALA-NLC)。通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)、动态光散射(DLS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、微差示扫描量热(micro-DSC)研究制备温度和保存时间对ALA-NLC性质如ALA的负载量、粒径、稳定性及形貌的影响。结果表明,制备温度和保存时间对粒径、zeta电位及ALA负载量均有较大影响。Micro-DSC结果表明,55℃和65℃下制备的ALA-NLC都可能存在过冷态现象,但是55℃制备的样品更稳定,所得配方在ALA膳食补给上具有潜在的应用价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定紫杉醇及其脂质纳米粒包封率的方法学研究

建立了一种对本实验室研制的新型载带紫杉醇脂质纳米载体(nanostructured lipid carriers,NLC)进行定性定量分析的新方法,并计算紫杉醇的包封率.用反相高效液相色谱法进行测定.采用C18柱对未纯化的紫杉醇脂质纳米粒进行分离检测,梯度法分离,流动相为水和乙腈,紫外检测器波长为227 nm,荧光检测器激发波长为428 nm,发射波长为515 nm.结果表明梯度法对紫杉醇脂质纳米粒和游离紫杉醇的分离效果良好,辅料和试剂无干扰,紫杉醇在3.0～80.0 mg/L之间有良好的线性关系,线性方程为:Y=42100ρ 8250,r=0.9999,日内RSD为0.15%(n=5),日间RSD为0.25%(n=4),平均回收率为109.09%,RSD为0.12%,通过本方法,测定的紫杉醇纳米粒平均包封率为68.78%.本法可对紫杉醇进行定量分析,也可对紫杉醇脂质纳米粒制剂进行定性和定量分析,可以直接测量计算其包封率.     

基于磁性氧化铁纳米粒的诊断治疗药物

诊断治疗药物作为一种新兴的治疗策略,展现出良好的应用前景。基于磁性氧化铁纳米粒的诊断治疗药物利用纳米技术将纳米粒与治疗性药物同时装载于纳米粒上,该纳米系统一般由三部分组成:磁性纳米粒核心、包覆层及功能区域。该系统可以用于影像诊断、实时监测药物输送、进行药效评价,并有望用于个体化医疗。本文介绍了磁性氧化铁纳米粒的合成、表面修饰、功能化及其生物医学应用等,重点介绍了磁性氧化铁纳米粒的表面修饰及功能化,经过表面修饰及功能化后,可制得多模式化、多功能化的诊断治疗药物,并对纳米诊断治疗药物在应用于个体化医疗所面临的挑战进行了初步的分析讨论。     

聚乳酸纳米粒的改性研究进展

聚乳酸纳米粒具有控制药物释放速度以达到长效缓释、增加药物靶向性、降低毒副作用以及提高疗效等优点,在药物传输中有着广阔的研究和应用前景。但由于聚乳酸的疏水性和分子链基团的单一性,它在靶向制剂和长效制剂的应用方面受到很大制约。本文对可生物降解材料聚乳酸作为载药纳米粒的改性研究状况进行了综述,针对目前制约聚乳酸纳米粒临床应用存在的问题,介绍了亲水性修饰、靶向修饰的最新研究进展。     

普鲁兰多糖的硬脂酸修饰及其作为纳米药物载体的研究

利用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)催化硬脂酸(SA)与具有良好生物相容性的普鲁兰多糖(Pullulan)反应, 将硬脂酸接枝在普鲁兰分子链的羟基上, 得到取代度不同的疏水改性两亲性普鲁兰多糖衍生物PUSA1, PUSA2 及PUSA3, 其临界胶束浓度分别为50, 32, 18 μg/mL; 透射电镜(TEM)图像显示透析法制备的PUSA 自组装颗粒为球形. 以阿霉素为模型药物制备了PUSA 载药纳米粒, 考察了载药纳米粒的载药量、包封率和体外药物释放. 结果表明PUSA3 的包封率高达84%, 载药量达7.79%. 药物可在37 ℃, pH＝7.4 的PBS 溶液中持续释放90 h 以上. 细胞毒性实验(MTT)结果显示当PUSA 的浓度高达1000 μg/mL 时48 h 后细胞存活率依然在90%左右. 流式细胞及荧光分析表明载药纳米粒的细胞摄取率远远高于游离药物. 说明PUSA 是一种新型的有潜在应用价值的药物载体材料.     

以磁纳米粒为核的pH敏感型聚谷氨酸树状分子药物载体

报道了一种新的肽类树枝状分子改性磁性纳米药物载体.以天然氨基酸L-谷氨酸为原料,通过收敛法合成了聚(L-谷氨酸)树状分子,将多巴胺配体键合到聚(L-谷氨酸)树状分子上,用核磁(1H-NMR)、质谱(MS)对合成出的树状分子配体进行了表征,然后通过配体交换对四氧化三铁磁纳米粒表面进行多功能化.以阿霉素为模型药物通过pH敏...     

Perspectives and Prospective on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems

Combating multiple drug resistance necessitates the delivery of drug molecules at the cellular level. Novel drug delivery formulations have made it possible to improve the therapeutic effects of drugs and have opened up new possibilities for research. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), a class of colloidal drug carriers made of lipids, have emerged as potentially effective drug delivery systems. The use of SLNs is associated with numerous advantages such as low toxicity, high bioavailability of drugs, versatility in the incorporation of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, and the potential for production of large quantities of the carrier systems. The SLNs and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are the two most frequently used types of nanoparticles. These types of nanoparticles can be adjusted to deliver medications in specific dosages to specific tissues, while minimizing leakage and binding to non-target tissues.     

In Vivo Effect of Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Relieve Physical Fatigue for Sports Nutrition Supplements

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural flavonoid polyphenol compound extracted from the plants which shows various biological activities. However, the clinical application of RSV is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability. In this study, resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RSV- SLNs) was design as a nano-antioxidant against the physical fatigue. The resultant RSV-SLNs were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy pattern. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-fatigue effect assays showed that RSV-SLNs prolonged the mice exhausted time and running distance. The biochemical parameters of blood related to fatigue suggested that RSV-SLNs have potential applications to improve the antioxidant defense of the mice after extensive exercise and confer anti-fatigue capability. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant by RSV-SLNs supplementation was investigated through the analysis of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) protein expression, which demonstrated that it could downregulate the expression of SIRT1 and increase autophagy markers, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62). These results reveal that the RSV-SLNs may have great potential used as a novel anti-fatigue sports nutritional supplement.     

Cross‐Platform Comparison of Therapeutic Delivery from Multilamellar Lipid‐Coated Polymer Nanoparticles

Significant efforts have been invested in finding a delivery system that can encapsulate and deliver therapeutics. Core–shell polymer‐lipid hybrid nanoparticles have been studied as a promising platform because of their mechanical stability, narrow size distribution, biocompatibility, and ability to co‐deliver diverse drugs. Here, novel core–shell nanoparticles based on a poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and multilamellar lipid shell are designed, where the lipid bilayers are crosslinked between the two adjacent bilayers (PLGA‐ICMVs). The cross‐platform performance of the nanoparticles to other polymer‐lipid hybrid platforms is examined, including physicochemical characteristics, ability to encapsulate a variety of therapeutics, biocompatibility, and functionality as a vaccine delivery platform. Differential abilities of nanoparticle systems to encapsulate distinct pharmaceutics are observed, which suggest careful consideration of the platform chosen depending on the therapeutic agent and desired function. The novel PLGA‐ICMV platform herein demonstrates great potential in stably encapsulating water‐soluble agents and therefore is an attractive platform for therapeutic delivery.     

Compritol-Based Alprazolam Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Sustained Release of Alprazolam: Preparation by Hot Melt Encapsulation

The current study was designed to investigate the feasibility of incorporating the water-insoluble lipophilic drug Alprazolam (Alp) into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to offer the combined benefits of the quick onset of action along with the sustained release of the drug. Therefore, compritol-based alprazolam-loaded SLNs (Alp-SLNs) would provide early relief from anxiety and sleep disturbances and long-lasting control of symptoms in patients with depression, thereby enhancing patient compliance. The optimized Alp-SLNs analyzed by DLS and SEM showed consistent particle size of 92.9 nm with PI values and standard deviation of the measurements calculated at <0.3 and negative surface charge. These characteristic values demonstrate the desired level of homogeneity and good physical stability of Alp-SLNs. The SLNs had a good entrapment efficiency (89.4%) and high drug-loading capacity (77.9%). SEM analysis revealed the smooth spherical morphology of the SLNs. The physical condition of alprazolam and absence of interaction among formulation components in Alp-SLNs was confirmed by FTIR and DSC analyses. XRD analysis demonstrated the molecular dispersion of crystalline alprazolam in Alp-SLNs. The in vitro release study implied that the release of Alp from the optimized Alp-SLN formulation was sustained as compared to the Alp drug solution because Alp-SLNs exhibited sustained release of alprazolam over 24 h. Alp-SLNs are a promising candidate to achieve sustained release of the short-acting drug Alp, thereby reducing its dosing frequency and enhancing patient compliance.     

Mechanisms of Penetration Enhancement and Transport Utilizing Skin Keratine Liposomes for the Topical Delivery of Licochalcone A

Keratin liposomes have emerged as a useful topical drug delivery system given theirenhanced ability to penetrate the skin, making them ideal as topical drug vehicles. However, the mechanisms of the drug penetration enhancement of keratin liposomes have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, licochalcone A(LA)-loaded skin keratin liposomes (LALs) were prepared to investigate their mechanisms of penetration enhancement on the skin and inB16F10 cells. Skin deposition studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), attenuated total reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and skin distribution and intracellular distribution studies were carried out to demonstrate the drug enhancement mechanisms of LALs. We found that the optimal application of LALs enhanced drug permeation via alterations in the components, structure, and thermodynamic properties of the stratum corneum (SC), that is, by enhancing the lipid fluidization, altering the skin keratin, and changing the thermodynamic properties of the SC. Moreover, hair follicles were the main penetration pathways for the LA delivery, which occurred in a time-dependent manner. In the B16F10 cells, the skin keratin liposomes effectively delivered LA into the cytoplasm without cytotoxicity. Thus, LAL nanoparticles are promising topical drug delivery systems for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.     

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Produced via a Coacervation Method as Promising Carriers for Controlled Release of Quercetin

Quercetin is a poorly water-soluble flavonoid with many benefits to human health. Besides the natural food resources that may provide Quercetin, the interest in delivery systems that could enhance its bioavailability in the human body has seen growth in recent years. Promising delivery system candidates are represented by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) which are composed of well-tolerated compounds and provide a relatively high encapsulation efficiency and suitable controlled release. In this study, Quercetin-loaded and negatively charged Solid Lipid Nanoparticles were synthesized based on a coacervation method, using stearic acid as a core lipid and Arabic Gum as a stabilizer. Samples were qualitatively characterized by Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential, Surface infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Encapsulation efficiency, drug release, and antioxidant effect against ABTS^•+ were evaluated in vitro by UV–VIS spectrophotometry.