火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定蜂蜜制品中锌

本文研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（ＳＤＳ），阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ），非离子表面活性ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００，Ｔｗｅｅｎ－２０，Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０及铬天菁Ｓ（ＣＡＳ），邻菲罗啉（Ｐｈｅｎ），８－羟基喹啉（Ｏｘｉｎｅ），盐酸羟胺，二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（ＤＤＴＣ）等数种试对锌的增敏作用，初探了其增敏机理和抑制干扰的机理，选用了增敏作用最强的Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ－Ｘ－１００增敏剂     

罗丹明B同步荧光猝灭法测微量磷的条件研究

本文研究了罗庆明Ｂ－磷钼杂多酸离子缔合物体系的荧光特性及测定方法，对实验条件进行了优化选择，并引入非离子表面活性剂ＯＰ对体系增敏，增稳。本法用于黑色食品中磷的测定，结果满意。     

同步荧光法测定食品中维生素B1

本文研究了食品中维生素Ｂ１的同步荧光法测定条件，采用氯化钾－乙醇作柱层析洗脱液，碱性介质中氧化后立即调为中性，并加入表面活性剂ＯＰ对体系增稳增敏，取代丁醇萃取，经济方便，用于几种粮食样品的测定，结果满意。     

SPAPT-CPB-AS光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂

在ＮａＯＨ介质中,新试剂１－（４－磺酸基苯基）－３－「４－（苯基偶氮）苯基」三氮烯（ＳＰＡＰＴ）和溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）与阴离子表面活性剂（ＡＳ）发生显色反应,形成三元配合物。利用ＳＰＡＰＴ－ＣＰＢ－ＡＳ显色体系。研究了光度法有离子表面活性剂。最大吸收波长５９０ｎｍ,测定十二基苯磺酸钠（ＤＢＯＳＯ３Ｎａ）、十二烷基磺酸钠（ＤＯＳＯ３Ｎａ）、十二烷基硫酸钠（ＤＳＯ４Ｎａ）的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为     

阳离子表面活性剂与酚红的显色反应及其分析应用

研究了阳离子表面活性剂（ＣＳＡＡ）溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＡＢ）、溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）在水溶液中与溴酚红（ＢＰＲ）的显色反应。发现在ＰＨ５．０～６．０范围内,ＣＳＡＡ单体与ＢＰＲ形成离子缔合物（缔合比为３：２）,可用于微是ＣＳＡＡ及ＣＳＡＡ的临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）的测定。本文还研究了显色２的适宜条件、分析特征,并讨论了反应机理。     

微乳液进样火焰原子吸收光度法测定食品中的微量锰

研究了多种表面活性剂及微乳液对火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锰的增敏作用，并选择增敏作用最强的微乳液作为锰测定的增敏试剂，拟定了测定锰的新方法。     

Eu（Sm）—DBM—CPB体系的激光感生时间分辨荧光光谱的研究

用自装的激光感生时间分辨荧光光谱装置，研究了Ｅｕ，Ｓｍ－二苯甲酰甲烷（ＤＢＭ）体系在阳离子表面活性剂溴代十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）存在下的光谱特性和荧光衰减动力学特性。给出同时测定Ｅｕ和Ｓｍ的激光感生时间分辨荧光光谱分析方法，用于高纯氧化物中痕量Ｅｕ和Ｓｍ的测定，获得了满意的结果。     

Eu（Sm）－DBM－CPB体系的激光感生时间分辨荧光光谱的研究

用自装的激光感生时间分辨荧光光谱装置，研究了Ｅｕ、Ｓｉｎ－二苯甲酰甲烷（ＤＢＭ）体系在阳离子表面活性剂溴代十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）存在下的光谱特性和荧光衰减动力学特性。给出同时测定Ｅｕ和Ｓｉｎ的激光感生时间分辨荧光光谱分析方法，用于高纯氧化物中痕量Ｅｕ和Ｓｉｎ的测定，获得了满意的结果。     

PVP对三类胶束增溶苯甲醇的影响

选用碳链长度相同，极性基不同的三类表面活性剂：两性（Ｃ１２ＢＥ）阴离子（ＳＤＳ）阳离子（ＤＴＡＢ）形成胶束，通过高分辨核磁共振仪及分光光度计，研究了有或无高分子化合物ＰＶＰ（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）时，三类胶束增溶苯甲醇的位置及增溶量，结果表明，ＰＶＰ包缠于ＳＤＳ胶束外围，并有部分高分子链嵌入胶束中，使胶束粒径扩大，不仅侃ＳＤＳ长链亚甲基裂分所需的增溶量增大，而且使ＳＤＳ胶束增溶苯甲醇的总量也增大，但是，     

胶束增敏分光光度法测定高纯石英粉中微量铝

选择阳离子表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)作为铝与铬天青S(CAS)显色体系的增敏剂,利用胶束增敏分光光度法测定高纯石英粉中微量铝,方法回收率为98%-104%,相对标准偏差低于2.7%(n=6).     

Increasing of registering capacity of nuclear emulsion for autoradiography

The ways of increasing detecting power of the type M nuclear emulsion gel have been investigated in these studies. There have been found conditions under which type M emulsion sensitivity increased by 15–20% without increasing fog grain background. The stability of photographic sensitivity during emulsion gel storage increased by two times. The prevention of latent image fading (by means of layer moisture content) decreased to 1.2% and increasing the detecting power of the emulsion (by means of exposure temperature) by up to 37°C). The exposure time of tritium labelled autographs has been decreased to about 20%.     

Peculiarities of the Giant Magnetoimpedance in Permalloy-Based Film Structures in the Important Temperature Range for Practical Applications

Multilayer structures based on Fe19Ni81 films have been obtained by ion-plasma sputtering and investigated on an impedance spectroscopy apparatus equipped with a temperature unit. An increase in the magnetoimpedance ratios for the total impedance and its real part has been found for the multilayer structure (Cu/FeNi)₅/Cu/(Cu/FeNi)₅ upon heating from 25 to 50°C. The maximum of the giant magnetoimpedance ratio of the total impedance ΔZ/Z = 56% has been observed at a frequency of 80 MHz with a sensitivity of 18%/Oe, while the maximum of the real part ΔR/R = 170% was observed at the frequency of 10 MHz with the sensitivity of 46%/Oe. Magnetization and resistivity at the direct current have been found to depend insignificantly on the temperature and, hence, the relaxation mechanism due to the magnetoelastic anisotropy was proposed as the most probable mechanism of increasing the value and sensitivity of the magnetoimpedance effect.     

Aerosol extinction coefficient profile retrieval in the oxygen A-band considering multiple scattering atmosphere. Test case: SCIAMACHY nadir simulated measurements

A multiple scattering inversion procedure for the aerosol extinction coefficient profile retrieval and error assessment in the oxygen A-band, for passive remote sensing instruments, has been developed. The procedure has been applied to SCIAMACHY nadir simulated measurements to investigate its effectiveness in the troposphere.The inversion procedure consists of a multiple scattering Forward Model, an inversion method and a complete sensitivity and error assessment tool. The Forward Model is based on LIDORT code; the inversion method, the sensitivity study and the complete error assessment are based on Optimal Estimation. The sensitivity and error analysis has been derived to investigate the profile retrieval errors due to the uncertainty of different aerosol optical properties, molecular and surface parameters.The analysis confirms that the profile retrieval accuracy and vertical resolution are strongly dependent on the oxygen A-band spectral resolution. The moderately high SCIAMACHY spectral resolution (0.4 nm in the oxygen A-band) results in distinguishing a maximum of three aerosol layers in troposphere. The SCIAMACHY tropospheric aerosol profile retrieval is shown to be highly sensitive to aerosol optical properties as phase function and single scattering albedo. The sensitivity study reveals an improvement of information content increasing the solar zenith angle and decreasing the surface albedo. As regards the forward model, negligible errors occur as the number of streams exceeds 6.     

一种基于运算放大器的高灵敏度惠斯通电桥

关于如何提升惠斯通电桥灵敏度一直是惠斯通电桥研究的热门话题.运算放大器组装成为的差分放大电路在一定范围内可以线性放大输入电压.但是,使用运算放大器提高电桥灵敏度的方法并未被采用.本文采用LM358N型运算放大器来提高电桥两端电势差的测量精度,从而提升惠斯通电桥的灵敏度.我们使用Multisim软件对该方案进行仿真,结果表明如果将放大倍数调至20倍,那么实际误差将小于2%.经过对改进电桥进行实际测量,实验和理论结论符合得很好.采用此方法可以得到一个易操作、低成本、高灵敏度的惠斯通电桥.     

一种基于运算放大器的高灵敏度惠斯通电桥

关于如何提升惠斯通电桥灵敏度一直是惠斯通电桥研究的热门话题.运算放大器组装成为的差分放大电路在一定范围内可以线性放大输入电压.但是,使用运算放大器提高电桥灵敏度的方法并未被采用.本文采用LM358N型运算放大器来提高电桥两端电势差的测量精度,从而提升惠斯通电桥的灵敏度.我们使用Multisim软件对该方案进行仿真,结果表明如果将放大倍数调至20倍,那么实际误差将小于2%.经过对改进电桥进行实际测量,实验和理论结论符合得很好.采用此方法可以得到一个易操作、低成本、高灵敏度的惠斯通电桥.     

Influences of pressure on methyl group,elasticity, sound velocity and sensitivity of solid nitromethane

First-principles calculations were employed to investigate the influences of pressure on methyl group, elasticity, sound velocity and sensitivity of solid nitromethane. The obtained structural parameters based on the GGA-PBE +G calculations are in good agreement with theoretical and experimental data. The rotation of methyl group appears under pressure, which influences the mechanical, thermal properties and sensitivity of solid NM. The anisotropy of elasticity, sound velocity and Debye temperature under pressure have been shown, which are related to the thermal properties of solid NM. The enhanced sensitivity with the increasing pressure has been discussed and the change of the most likely transition path is associated with methyl group.     

How the dispersion of magnesium oxide nanoparticles effects on the viscosity of water-ethylene glycol mixture: Experimental evaluation and correlation development

In this paper, the effect of dispersion of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on viscosity of a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (50–50% vol.) was examined experimentally. Experiments were performed for various nanofluid samples at different temperatures and shear rates. Measurements revealed that the nanofluid samples with volume fractions of less than 1.5% had Newtonian behavior, while the sample with volume fraction of 3% showed non-Newtonian behavior. Results showed that the viscosity of nanofluids enhanced with increasing nanoparticles volume fraction and decreasing temperature. Results of sensitivity analysis revealed that the viscosity sensitivity of nanofluid samples to temperature at higher volume fractions is more than that of at lower volume fractions. Finally, because of the inability of the existing model to predict the viscosity of MgO/EG-water nanofluid, an experimental correlation has been proposed for predicting the viscosity of the nanofluid.     

提高高压X光机激发的XRF谱测量灵敏度的一种方法

本文通过分析高压Ｘ光机激发的Ｘ射线荧光（ＸＲＦ）在线测量系统中的灵敏度低等问题的原因，提出了用准直技术提高灵敏度的方法，并设计，加工了一个内径１．５ｃｍ，长７．５ｃｍ的准直器，实验结果满意。在此基础上，对进一步改进该在线测量系统的性能进行了讨论。     

使用硅橡胶涂敷的全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的压力传感研究

用硅橡胶对Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的传感臂进行涂敷,可以增加干涉仪压力传感的灵敏度.实验中分别使用宽带和窄带光源,借助光谱仪和光功率计观测干涉谱波长改变和光谱峰值功率变化,对微小压力进行了测量.当压力改变为1.03×10－4 MPa时,波长改变约0.02 nm,系统传感灵敏度为1.96×10－4 nm/Pa,是涂敷前的2.15倍.     

关于利用激光光束偏转法测量热扩散率的研究

本文介绍了激光光束偏转法测量材料热扩散率的原理,从理论上分析了光的粒子性和光的衍射限制了该方法对热扩散率的测量精度,指出了提高测量精度的关键在于提高信号对光束偏转的灵敏度为此给出了一种带有Ronchi光栅的迈克耳孙干涉仪的探测装置,从而使灵敏度提高了约5.3倍.