基于可微收缩函数与自适应阈值的小波去噪

为进一步提升高斯噪声的去噪效果,提出了基于可微收缩函数与自适应阈值的图像去噪方法.根据高斯噪声的小波系数具有幅值小、服从高斯分布的特征,提出一种自适应于信噪强度的阈值,以准确地区分噪声系数与图像系数.根据自然图像的小波系数具有平滑连贯的特征,提出了一种可微的收缩函数,与自适应阈值结合对含噪的小波系数进行量化处理,以有效...     

基于小波阈值函数与改进中值滤波融合的抑制图像混合噪声算法

针对图像处理中存在椒盐噪声和高斯噪声的问题,提出了一种新的小波阈值函数与改进中值滤波融合的噪声抑制算法。依据椒盐噪声与其周围邻域像素灰度值存在的明显差异,估计椒盐噪声,采取3×3模板进行反复迭代滤除椒盐噪声。对高斯噪声,利用极限思想提出了一种新的小波阈值函数,并引入三个控制变量,通过调节控制变量使所构成的小波系数在一定阈值范围内无限接近原小波系数。实验结果表明,提高了峰值信噪比,减小了均方误差,较好的保留了图像细节。     

小目标识别的小波阈值去噪方法

为改善小目标识别的滤噪效果并提高其信噪比,构造了新的阈值函数并采用局部方差估计法来计算阈值对小目标进行去噪处理。对小波分解层次中各高频子带选取不同的阈值,其中大于阈值的小波系数采用改进的双曲线函数作为阈值函数,小于阈值的小波系数采用指数函数与对数函数相互组合的方式作为阈值函数。对采用的阈值函数进行了理论推导,并与软、硬阈值法进行了实验对比。计算机仿真结果表明：经本文阈值法处理后,信噪比相对于含噪图像提高了70.8%,而软、硬阈值法分别提高了49.8%和59.7%。光学实验进一步证实：该方法能更有效地提高信噪比,增强联合变换相关器对于小目标的识别能力。     

小波变换和模糊聚类的SAR图像斑点噪声去除

合成孔径雷达SAR图像的相干成像特性,不可避免的形成特有的相干斑点噪声,严重影响图像的地物信息提取和分类,需要进行去噪预处理。针对SAR图像斑点噪声的特点,针对SAR图像斑点噪声的特点,对图像进行小波变换分解,提出模糊聚类和软阈值收缩去噪的方法,利用模糊C均值聚类将小波系数分成包含信号能量和只包含斑点噪声能量两大类,对前一类小波系数进行软阈值降噪处理,而对后一类小波系数直接置零。实验结果的目视效果和评价指标均表明,小波模糊聚类和软阈值收缩有效地去除了SAR图像斑点噪声,图像视觉效果清晰,较好地保持地物目标的边缘等图像细节信息,去噪效果优于小波软阈值收缩。     

小波阈值去噪的一种改进方法

白噪声的方差和幅值随着小波变换尺度的增加会逐渐减小,而信号的方差和幅值与小波变换的尺度变化无关。本文在Donoho的软、硬阈值去噪方法基础上,提出了一种新的阈值函数,并把它们应用在图像的去噪上。该阈值函数具有物理意义清晰、表达式简单、计算方便等优点。实际噪声图像测试结果表明,这种经改进的方法可以有效地去除白噪声干扰,无论是在视觉效果上还是在信噪比和均方误差定量指标上均明显优于常用的软、硬阈值去噪算法以及改进的软硬阈值折中算法。     

小波阈值降噪算法在光电探测器信号 处理中的应用

针对光电探测器传统降噪处理中软、硬阈值函数存在的缺点,提出了一种含参数的阈值函数和逐层变化的阈值相结合的小波阈值降噪算法.该算法可以调整参数使生成的阈值函数于软、硬阈值函数之间,且在临界阈值处平滑过渡,保留部分有用信号.应用过程中阈值可随着分解层数的改变而改变,对各个分解层有自适应特征,减少小波系数阈值处理中的固定偏差,从而在保留原有信号的同时减除不必要噪声.仿真及实测结果表明,采用该小波阈值降噪算法处理的信号信噪比较高、均方误差较小,有效地抑制噪声对光电探测器输出信号的干扰.     

超声医学图像降噪处理中的软阈值方法

通过二维离散小波变换将超声医学图像投影到小波变换域 ,利用Donoho软阈值技术方法进行降噪处理 ,可快速有效地去除图像的斑点噪声     

基于小波的超声斑纹噪声抑制与对比度增强

提出了一种基于小波变换的降低超声图像斑纹噪声,同时完成对比度增强的非线性处理新方法。斑纹噪声属于乘性噪声,是造成超声图像质量退化的主要原因,采用Jain提出的斑纹噪声模型,完成对数化处理后的超声图像的小波变换,然后在最细分辨级上完成小波变换系数的软阈值方法处理,而在中间分辨级上采用硬阈值方法处理,并采用GAG特性曲线对图像细节特征进行增强。算法在预处理阶段还采用了平滑滤波器对最粗分辨级的平滑小波系数进行滤波,以减少脉冲能量对处理结果的干扰。对多幅超声图象的实验结果显示,相对于现有的去噪方法,该方法可以同时实现降噪与局部特征增强的两重目的,具有更佳的适用性。     

一种改进的小波阈值去噪方法

提出了一种新的阈值函数,它高阶可导,便于各种数学运算。与硬阈值函数相比,它在阈值点处是连续的;相比于软阈值函数,减小了估计小波系数存在时的恒定偏差,更好地保留了图像边缘等局部特征。选用平移不变小波变换,结合新提出的阈值函数,给出了一种新的去噪方法。仿真实验结果证明了此方法的优越性。     

一种新的基于小波变换的图像去噪方法

根据图像小波分解的特点和小波分解后高频小波系数的统计特性,构造了一种新阈值函数的去噪算法。与传统的硬阈值、软阈值函数相比,新阈值函数考虑了图像能量分布的特点,对于每一小波系数乘以一个与自身大小相关的降噪因子,并且新阈值函数简单易于计算,具有较强的自适应性。实验结果表明,采用新阈值函数的去噪结果能够有效地抑制图像的马赛克效应,无论在视觉效果上,还是在信噪比增益上均优于传统的软、硬阈值方法。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.