声波刺激对铁皮石斛过氧化物酶同工酶基因表达的影响

从基因表达水平探索了植物适应物理应力刺激时可能作出的反应机制。以铁皮石斛组培苗为实验材料,以特定的声波(声强100dB、频率1000Hz)刺激为应力源,检测比较了声波刺激对铁皮石斛过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱及各酶带百分含量的影响;通过设计引物扩增出铁皮石斛POD基因片段,以此为探针,利用Northern点杂交技术检测分析了声波刺激对铁皮石斛POD基因表达的影响。结果显示,声波刺激没有引起铁皮石斛产生新的酶带,但促进了其POD同工酶酶量的提高;声波刺激对铁皮石斛POD基因表达的影响与其同工酶酶谱及其总RNA量的变化基本一致。表明声波刺激对植物POD同工酶基因表达有激活作用,可能引起植物某些基因转录和表达水平的变化。     

基于田口方法的波纹内翅片管参数优化研究

应用田口方法对波纹内翅片管的波数、振幅和波长三个主要影响传热和流动的因素进行分析,通过数值计算得到各个因素在不同水平下的传热j因子和阻力系数,并根据JF比值得到了其信噪比(SNR).采用正交试验法安排数值模拟方案,通过统计分析得到最优的波纹内翅片管的参数组合.最后,采用两种方法(统计分析法和直观法)对最优参数进行了验证.     

薄膜体声波谐振器的伽马辐照敏感机理分析

实验证明薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)用于检测伽马辐照是可行的,但未对敏感机理进行深入研究。针对这一问题,根据两种不同的FBAR结构,提出了不同机理来解释FBAR在伽马辐照下谐振频率偏移的原因。其中结构一FBAR为四层叠层结构（金属层-压电层-氧化层-金属层）,伽马辐照之后,会在辐照敏感层(氧化层)形成一个电压,相当于给压电层施加了一个直流电压,从而使谐振频率发生偏移;结构二与结构一不同的是,结构二FBAR在氧化层和压电层之间有一半导体层,辐照之后在氧化层中形成的电压改变了半导体的表面势,使半导体空间电荷层电容发生改变,从而改变谐振频率。通过仿真得到两种不同机理的结果,并与相关文献的测试结果对比,发现频率偏移的趋势和频率偏移量的数量级是相同的,因此提出来的两种机理是可行的。     

低频声波的定向辐射

实现低频声波在空间中的定向传播,是一个迫切需要解决的关键科学问题。为实现低频声波的定向传播,要考虑影响声波指向性的因素:声源辐射面积、辐射面结构和所辐射声波的频率。而影响声波传播的因素有:(1)媒质的性质,例如声阻抗、声衰减;(2)边界条件,不同的边界会产生声波不同的传播模式,例如点源在不同边界附近的辐射表现(点声源在声学硬边界表现为单级子的指向性,即全指向性;点声源在声学软边界为偶极子的指向性,呈现为八字型,具有一定的指向性);(3)结构的控制,例如通过米氏共振结构来控制低频声波的传播。文章简要介绍了影响声波传播的因素和控制声波传播的方法,并主要从边界条件和结构控制两方面来说明如何实现低频声波的定向辐射。     

X射线辐射与模拟微重力对K562细胞红系分化的联合效应及机制研究

使用氯化高铁血红素(hemin)诱导K562细胞分化作为红系分化模型,并对其进行X射线辐照及地面模拟微重力效应处理,研究辐照、微重力及二者的复合效应对红系分化的影响及机制。X射线辐照及模拟微重力效应处理后的联苯胺染色阳性率及CD235a蛋白表达均下调,细胞增殖抑制、细胞凋亡率及坏死率均增高,红系相关转录因子EPOR及GATA-1基因表达下调,且X射线辐照及模拟微重力效应的联合作用效应强于两者单独作用。辐照及微重力联合处理影响细胞中PI3K复合物调控亚基PIK3R2基因表达,加入PI3K抑制剂3-MA后细胞凋亡率及坏死率增高、红系分化率降低。以上结果表明,X射线辐照及模拟微重力效应对红系分化具有协同抑制作用,其机制与红系相关转录因子EPOR、GATA-1及生长信号通路因子PI3K相关。     

中子辐照诱导钨再结晶的模拟研究

钨作为未来聚变堆偏滤器靶板的候选材料,需要长期服役在高温且受到高能中子辐照的严峻环境,这将导致钨发生中子辐照诱导再结晶,从而提高钨发生沿晶脆断的可能性,威胁偏滤器的运行安全,因此研究中子辐照诱导钨再结晶的物理机制具有重要意义.然而,与最近高通量同位素反应(HFIR)堆高温下中子辐照实验观察到的结果相比,目前考虑辐照增强再结晶驱动力效应的模型低估了中子辐照对再结晶的影响,结果表明仍有其他效应影响再结晶过程.基于此,本文在假设晶界迁移率与自体扩散系数成正比的前提下,引入辐照增强晶界迁移因子(R),建立了新的辐照诱导再结晶动力学模型.模拟结果显示,在综合考虑辐照增强再结晶驱动力和晶界迁移效应后,模型计算出的850℃下达到一半再结晶分数所需要的时间(t_X=0.5)和HFIR堆中子辐照实验结果相符,这表明辐照增强晶界迁移效应是影响辐照诱导再结晶现象的重要因素之一.另外,模型研究了不同辐照温度下钨的t_X=0.5.结果表明辐照与未辐照的t_X=0.5差别随温度升高而逐渐下降.这是因为随着温度的升高,辐照缺陷复合加剧,辐照缺陷对再结晶驱动...     

X射线辐照对发根农杆菌介导芸芥遗传转化的影响

探讨了X射线辐照对芸芥发状根诱导的影响, 为研究辐射对转基因技术的协同作用提供一定的实验依据。 以芸芥无菌苗的子叶为材料, 通过5—20 Gy的X射线辐照和不等浸染时间的联合处理, 研究苗龄、 预培养时间、 辐照剂量及其浸染时间等因素对芸芥发状根诱导的影响作用, 并通过聚合链酶式反应（PCR）对所得发状根进行了分子水平的鉴定。 15 Gy X射线辐射能提高芸芥发状根的诱导频率, 且有量效关系, 其中先浸染后辐照比先辐照后浸染效果更显著; PCR结果也表明, 发根农杆菌R1000的 rolB基因已成功地被转入并整合到该发状根的基因组中。 X射线辐照对芸芥发状根的诱导具有一定的促进作用, 且最佳推荐诱导剂量为15 Gy或稍多。     

影响反声障板增益的因素

障板的反射系数一般是指声波垂直入射时的反射声波与入射声波的幅值比,不能全面反映障板的使用效果。在实际应用中,障板的实际增益受到障板自身的声特性、换能器到障板的距离、声波入射角度、声波频率等众多因素的影响,反射系数很高的反声障板,实际增益却可能为负。本文使用相对灵敏度级(Relative Sensitivity Level)来衡量反声障板的"真实"增益,论述了相对灵敏度级的计算方法,对影响反声障板增益的因素进行了研究。     

固体高分辨~(13)C NMR研究γ线辐照对结晶聚乙稀聚集态结构的影响

结晶聚乙烯(PE)经~(60)Coγ线辐照后,用固体高分辨~(13)C NMR CP/DD/MAS方法观测解析了辐射效果与具有片晶结构的结晶相,结晶—橡胶状无定形界面相以及橡胶状无定形相的聚集态结构的关系。考察了各相中的~(13)C核自旋—晶格弛豫和自旋-自旋弛豫行为及辐照对其影响。得到辐照后产生交联,破坏,相转变及晶型变化等有意义的结果,对PE的辐照效应和机制的探讨提供了核磁共振的新实验证据。     

水下声辐射激励水表面声波的特征参数测量

采用激光干涉方法对水下声辐射激励水表面声波的特征参数频率和振幅进行了测量研究。从理论上对水表面声波激光相干测量信号的频谱构成进行了分析,在此基础上提出了水表面声波两个重要声学参数频率和振幅的解算方法,并通过数值仿真进行了验证。搭建了一套简单的激光干涉测量实验系统,对不同频率和声压激励的水表面声波进行了测量实验,验证了水表面声波频率和振幅解调方法的准确性。对水表面声波横向传播的振幅衰减现象进行了初步的实验研究,结果表明水表面声波的频率越高,振幅的横向衰减越快。研究表明激光相干检测方法能够准确地实现水表面声波振幅和频率的测量。      

The effects of distributed masses on acoustic radiation behavior of plates

The acoustic radiation behavior of a plate with a distributed mass loading is studied. A set of in vacuo normal modes or fluid-loaded undamped normal modes are used for modal analysis of the acoustic radiation from a plate in air or in water. Modal radiation efficiency, modal volume displacement, modal input energy and sound power level are computed to show the effects of size and location of the mass loading on the acoustic radiation of the plate. It is observed that the acoustic radiation behavior of a mode in both cases will have relatively larger changes if the mass loading is placed on an antinode of the mode shape or the mass loading is more concentrated. The acoustic radiation behavior of a mode and the radiated power of the plate in water have less change than those in air with the same mass loading due to the added mass of the water, especially for the first few modes.     

Acoustic emission localization in beams based on time reversed dispersion

The common approach for the localization of acoustic emission sources in beams requires at least two measurements at different positions on the structure. The acoustic emission event is then located by evaluating the difference of the arrival times of the elastic waves. Here a new method is introduced, which allows the detection and localization of multiple acoustic emission sources with only a single, one point, unidirectional measurement. The method makes use of the time reversal principle and the dispersive behavior of the flexural wave mode. Whereas time-of-arrival (TOA) methods struggle with the distortion of elastic waves due to phase dispersion, the method presented uses the dispersive behavior of guided waves to locate the origin of the acoustic emission event. Therefore, the localization algorithm depends solely on the measured wave form and not on arrival time estimation. The method combines an acoustic emission experiment with a numerical simulation, in which the measured and time reversed displacement history is set as the boundary condition.     

Computation of acoustic radiation from vibrating structures in motion

The noises from a vibrating structure in motion are often encountered in engineering practice, for example, tire noise and pass-by noise of moving vehicles. Consequently, research on the radiation characteristics of moving acoustic source is of significance. In this paper, a new computational method based on the wave superposition approach is developed for the acoustic field from a vibrating structure in motion. It inherits the advantages of the wave superposition approach in the acoustic computation, and in which a method of moving simple sources is used to eliminate the influence of the Doppler effect. By the proposed method, the acoustic radiation from the moving vibrating structure can be calculated easily with the same implementation process as the conventional wave superposition approach performed in the stationary acoustic field. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by the numerical results.     

声操控微粒研究进展*

声操控微粒是利用声波与微粒之间动量和能量交换产生的声辐射力操纵微粒的运动,具有非接触、生物兼容性好、无需对微粒进行化学生物标记、装置简单易集成等优点,在精密制造、精准医疗等领域具有广阔的应用前景,是当前操控领域的研究热点。该文主要综述最近十年声辐射力理论研究、声场调控方法以及微粒操控形式等方面的研究工作,并对声操控的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

On the material response in stimulated Brillouin scattering

We re-examine behavior of the material response in stimulated Brillouin scattering and from this revise its theoretical formalism. We show that the response out of exact Brillouin resonance splits into two processes: one is the induction of a moving density grating, propagation characteristics of which follow these of the beat pattern of pump and Stokes fields, and the other is the induction of an acoustic wave, frequency of which coincides with that of the beat pattern but which propagates at the acoustic velocity in the medium. The resulting equations for the response amplitudes are solved analytically in several representative cases.     

Energetic analysis of an actively controlled one-dimensional acoustic waveguide

The aim of this work is to show the energetic behavior when an active noise controller is applied in a one-dimensional waveguide, namely an ideal duct under the first critical frequency. In order to model the duct, a spectral element method, which is shown to be more practical for analyzing pipe networks than other commonly used analytical models, was used. The model used here consists of a duct with two sources, the primary source at one end of the duct, and the secondary source at the middle section. The error sensor was placed downstream from secondary source, and the other end of the duct was open with no flange. Three optimal control methods were applied: minimization of the potential energy density, minimization of the active intensity, and minimization of the total acoustic power radiated by the sources. It was observed that the three control methods achieved the same final result, and when the volume velocity of the secondary source was driven to the optimal volume velocity, neither the primary source nor the secondary source radiated any acoustic power. Furthermore, the controlled duct was equivalent to a duct opened-ended at the secondary source position with radiation impedance equal to zero.     

聚焦区域高声强声场分布的测量方法研究

常用的声场分布测量是采用水听器扫描声场的方法,该方法对于声能量密度较大的声场难以测量,因为在这种情况下声振幅比较大,水听器在这种声场中呈现非线性或遭到破坏。设计了一种用辐射压力测量高声强声场分布的方法,该方法利用一根微细管,直接测量声场的冲流压力,通过对声场进行扫描测量可以得到高声强声场压力分布。从理论上分析了这种测量方法的可行性,对测量基本要求及实验装置做了阐述。实验结果证实:该方法可以用来测量高声能密度声场压力分布;测量结果与水听器测量结果基本吻合;测量方法存在测量盲区。     

Agglomeration of particles by a converging ultrasound field and their quantitative assessments

The acoustic radiation force resulting from acoustic waves have been extensively studied for the contact-free generation of organized patterning arrays. The precise arrangement of microscopic objects clustered at the pressure nodes is critical to the development of functional structures and patterned surfaces. However, the size of the clusters is restricted by the saturation limit of the acoustic nodes. Here, we present a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) platform, which employs a two-dimensional acoustic wave to propel particles of various sizes. Experimentally, when particles are large, significant acoustic energy is scattered and partly absorbed by the matched layers in front of the sensors. The acoustic radiation force from a convergent acoustic pressure field agglomerates the large polystyrene (PS) particles towards the central region instead of the pressure nodes. The parametric analysis has been performed to assess the transition in the particles from clustering at the organized nodal arrays to agglomerating in the central region, which is a function of particle size, particle concentration, and load voltage. Statistically, the particles can agglomerate with a cluster ratio greater than 70%, and this ratio can be improved by increasing the load power/voltage supplied to the transducers. With its ability to perform biocompatible, label-free, and contact-free self-assembly, this concept offers a new possibility in the fabrication of colloidal layers, the recreation of tissue microstructure, the development of organoid spheroid cultures, the migration of microorganisms, and the assembly of bioprinting materials.     

Mechanism of the quasi-zero axial acoustic radiation force experienced by elastic and viscoelastic spheres in the field of a quasi-Gaussian beam and particle tweezing

The present analysis investigates the (axial) acoustic radiation force induced by a quasi-Gaussian beam centered on an elastic and a viscoelastic (polymer-type) sphere in a nonviscous fluid. The quasi-Gaussian beam is an exact solution of the source free Helmholtz wave equation and is characterized by an arbitrary waist w₀ and a diffraction convergence length known as the Rayleigh range z_R. Examples are found where the radiation force unexpectedly approaches closely to zero at some of the elastic sphere’s resonance frequencies for kw₀ ? 1 (where this range is of particular interest in describing strongly focused or divergent beams), which may produce particle immobilization along the axial direction. Moreover, the (quasi)vanishing behavior of the radiation force is found to be correlated with conditions giving extinction of the backscattering by the quasi-Gaussian beam. Furthermore, the mechanism for the quasi-zero force is studied theoretically by analyzing the contributions of the kinetic, potential and momentum flux energy densities and their density functions. It is found that all the components vanish simultaneously at the selected ka values for the nulls. However, for a viscoelastic sphere, acoustic absorption degrades the quasi-zero radiation force.