三波长分光光度法测定葡萄籽中总黄酮含量

采用三波长分光光度法测定了葡萄籽中的总黄酮含量,方法有效地消除了吸收峰不对称及干扰组分对定量分析造成的影响。该法分别采用芦丁和原花青素两种物质为标准进行测定,以芦丁为标准测定的线性范围为0～10.8μg/mL,回收率为96.7%～110.0%,相对标准偏差小于3.8%;以原花青素为标准测定的线性范围为0～3.0μg/mL,方法的回收率为93.3%～104.0%,相对标准偏差小于2.4%。两种物质作为标准物质对测定结果无显著差异。     

原子吸收法间接测定葡萄籽提取物中的原花青素

建立了间接测定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的原子吸收光谱法。它是基于原花青素能与碱式乙酸铅发生配合反应,产生难溶于水的棕黄色沉淀,经干过滤分离后,用原子吸收法测定滤液中过量的铅离子,可间接测定原花青素。方法线性范围为8.0～80.0μg/mL,回收率为98.1%～102.2%。     

KMnO4分光光度法测定葡萄籽原花青素

建立了葡萄籽提取物中原花青素测定的新方法-KMnO4分光光度法.基于原花青素结构中含有还原性基团,能在强酸性介质中与KMnO4发生氧化还原反应,在545 nm吸光度值减少而在310 nm处吸光度值增加,通过A310/A545的比值来测定原花青素.该方法的线性范围为1.6～3.6 μg/mL,RSD为0.13%～0.4%,回收率为95.2%,相关系数r=0.9996,检出限为0.03 μg/mL.     

Ce(Ⅳ)氧化-分光光度法间接测定尼莫地平

在酸性介质中,Ce(Ⅳ)氧化尼莫地平,其吸光度的变化随尼莫地平在一定质量浓度范围内呈线性关系。建立了一种间接测定尼莫地平的新方法,方法的线性范围为1～9μg mL,回收率为98.5%～105.0%,RSD为0.8%。检出限为0.032μg mL。方法已用于片剂中尼莫地平的测试。     

高效液相色谱测定粮食、蔬菜和水果中的花青素

建立了粮食、蔬菜和水果中花青素的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用V(乙醇):V(水):V(盐酸)=2:1:1溶液超声提取粮食、蔬菜和水果中的花色苷,并于沸水浴中水解1 h,将多种花色苷水解为花青素。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器对样品中的6种主要花青素(飞燕草素、矢车菊素、矮牵牛素、天竺葵素、芍药素和锦葵素)进行定量检测。6种花青素在浓度为0.5～50.0μg/mL时,色谱响应呈线性关系,r>0.999;当S/N=3时,飞燕草素、矢车菊素、天竺葵素、芍药素和锦葵素的仪器检出限均为0.01μg/mL,矮牵牛素的仪器检出限为0.03μg/mL。选取相应的空白基质进行回收率试验,在试剂空白、大米、黄豆、绿皮葡萄和甘蓝共5个空白基质里,添加0.5、1.0和2.0μg/mL 3个水平回收率试验,回收率在80.2%～110.2%,RSD在2.0%～12%。对市场上包括了粮食、蔬菜和水果9个品种的样品进行测试,给出了相应的检测结果。     

HPLC研究甘草次酸对大鼠槲皮素血浆浓度及肝脏分布的影响

建立了大鼠血浆和肝脏槲皮素的高效液相色谱测定方法,并用于探索甘草次酸对大鼠槲皮素血浆浓度及肝脏分布的影响。采用ODS-SP柱,流动相为甲醇-0.4%H3PO4溶液,检测波长为370 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果显示血浆和肝脏槲皮素测定的线性范围分别是0.050～10.0μg/mL和0.125～0.625μg/g。血浆和肝脏测定回收率分别是92%～101%和80%～96%,检测限分别是0.048μg/mL和0.011μg/g。大鼠口服槲皮素后在血浆未能检测到游离槲皮素,低浓度以及高浓度合药组中槲皮素浓度(水解后)高于单药组。甘草次酸对槲皮素肝脏分布没有显著影响。     

单柱离子色谱法测定硒酸根和亚硒酸根的研究

本实验采用单柱离子色谱系统,在SeO_4~(2-)、SeO_3~(2-)与F~-、Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)离子共存时,以1.0mmol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾为淋洗液测定了SeO_4~(2-),以1.0mmol/LKNO_3为淋洗液测定了SeO_3~(2-)。SeO_4~(1-)和SeO_3~(2-)的最低检出浓度分别为0.3μg/mL和0.7μg/mL,线性范围分别为0.8～80μg/mL和1.4～150μg/mL,相对标准偏差分别为2.01%和1.85%。并应用本方法测定了加SeO_4~(2-)和SeO_3~(2-)的自来水样,SeO_4~(2-)和SeO_3~(2-)的回收率分别为96%和98%。     

络合吸附伏安法同时测定多种重金属离子

在络合剂亚硝基苯胲 乙醇 乙酸铵体系中,Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd2 、Cu2 、Pb2 、Ni2 等离子都能在汞电极上产生灵敏的阴极络合吸附波,其二次导数伏安峰电流均与离子质量浓度有良好的线性关系,可用于这些离子的定量检测,测定线性范围为Cr(Ⅵ)0.0017～0.67μg mL、Cd2 0.0017～0.117μg mL、Cu2 0.0083～5 8μg mL、Pb2 0.083～1.25μg mL、Ni2 0.17～150μg mL,RSD分别为5.7%、1 3%、1.4%、2 5%和1.6%。方法为工业废水、地表水及生活用水等样品中重金属离子的同时测定提供了可靠、灵敏的检测方法。     

1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠作为显色剂分光光度法测定阿魏酸哌嗪

建立了用1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠测定阿魏酸哌嗪的新方法.在pH 13.0的KCl-NaoH缓冲溶液中,阿魏酸哌嗪与1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠反应形成红褐色产物,其最大吸收波长为484 nm.阿魏酸哌嗪浓度在0.4～80μg/mL范围内呈现良好线性关系.线性回归方程为A=0.07742+0.01216ρ(μg/mL),线性相关系数r=0.9986,表观摩尔吸光系数5.8×103 L/mol/cm,相对标准偏差(RSD)和检出限分别为0.84%和0.29μg/mL.对药物样品中阿魏酸哌嗪的含量进行测定,平均回收率在95.1%～103.3%.     

微波消解火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定金银花中铁、锌、铜和锰

采用微波消化技术,以氘灯背景校正方式,在HNO3介质中,直接用火焰原子吸收法在同一体系中连续测定了金银花中微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn,并优化了最佳实验条件.在选定条件下,检出限为Fe 0.0047 μg/mL,Zn 0.0032μg/mL,Cu 0.0052μg/mL,Mn 0.0028μg/mL,相对标准偏差为1.5%～3.2%,回收率为96.4%～103.4%.适用于金银花中微量Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn的测定.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.