Radiation characteristics of multilayer periodic dielectric structures

Radiation characteristics of multilayer periodic dielectric structures are investigated by the method which combines the building block approach of multimode network theory with the rigorous mode matching procedure. The multilayer periodic structure is composed of uniform dielectric layers and single periodic layers. Two examples are given in this paper; first, radiation property of the double dielectric grating antenna is analyzed. The results indicate that the double dielectric grating antenna has relatively smaller dimensions than that of the single one. It is undoubtly of great importance in the case that the limitation of the weight and the volume of the system is strictly required. Secondly, some curved profile grating antennas are analyzed by combining the present method with the staircase approximation. In such a way, the effects of groove profile on the performance of the grating antennas are systemetically studied and some useful guidelines for the design of the dielectric grating antennas are thereby suggested.     

Omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional photonic crystal

We demonstrate that one-dimensional photonic crystal structures (such as multilayer films) can exhibit complete reflection of radiation in a given frequency range for all incident angles and polarizations. We derive a general criterion for this behavior that does not require materials with very large indices. We perform numerical studies that illustrate this effect.     

Coherent and incoherent reflection and transmission of multilayer structures

The complex-amplitude reflection and transmission coefficientsr andt of a pile of films are represented as a product of matrices. The matrices describe the transformation of two plane waves travelling in opposite directions between the films, and their development within the films.If one of the films is significantly thicker than the other layers (e.g., several films on a substrate), the calculated reflectanceR=rr ^* and transmittanceTt ^* show narrow Fabry-Perot oscillations which, in a lot of cases, are not observed in the experiment. Since the matrix method is equivalent to the representation of the amplitudesr andt as a coherent superposition of multiple reflected waves within the thick slab, we are able to suppress, in the calculation, the interference within this thick film by adding the absolute squares of the partial waves corresponding to an incoherent treatment. This procedure is shorter and more simple than averaging over an appropriate interval of frequency or thickness, which, in most cases, leads to the same results.     

Beam focusing upon the reflection from crystals and multilayer periodic structures with variable period

The experimental spectral dependence of the intensity of the second harmonic (SH) generated in microcavities based on porous silicon photonic crystal demonstrates resonant intensity enhancement (by a factor of ～2×10²) in the vicinity of the cavity mode and at the edges of the photonic band gap. The enhancement is due to the combined effect of pump radiation localization inside the microcavity, multiple SH interference in the photonic crystal, and two-photon resonance of the porous silicon quadratic susceptibility at the SH frequency.     

Omnidirectional bandgap in Cantor dielectric multilayers

Analysis of the transmission spectrum of Cantor dielectric multilayers for obliquely incident plane wave shows that the main bandgap shifts towards higher frequencies, substantially retaining its shape, as the incidence angle increases for both s- and p-polarization of the impinging wave. For suitable refractive index values of the two constituent materials a range of frequencies can be found where transmission of the incident wave is almost completely forbidden at any angle of incidence. This omnidirectional bandgap can be found also for lossy media. In this case the stop-band widens as the tangent loss increases, while the depth of the stop-band does not change significantly. Comparison with the periodic quarter-wave stack shows that the Cantor multilayer exhibits a narrower omnidirectional bandgap with transmissivity values that are about one order of magnitude lower.     

The influence of a multilayer system of inhomogeneous ultrathin films on reflection of light from dielectric materials

Optics and Spectroscopy - The influence of surface layers on reflection of light in the absence of absorption is studied. The contribution of an ultrathin N-layer film system to the light...     

Omnidirectional reflection from the one-dimensional photonic crystal containing anisotropic left-handed material

We study the transmission properties in the one-dimensional photonic crystal containing alternate anisotropic left-handed material (LHM) layers and regular isotropic right-handed material (RHM) layers. For such an anisotropic case, the dispersion relation from the Bloch theorem is derived and the Bragg gaps of the periodic structure are observed. It is found that in the m=0 Bragg gap, there is an omnidirectionally reflectional (ODR) region, which is also invariant with a change of scale length, similar with the [`(n)]=0\bar{n}=0 gap in isotropic one-dimensional photonic crystal. With the aid of effective medium theory (EMT), the analytic expressions of all six elements of the effective electric permittivity tensor and magnetic permeability tensor are obtained. By using these results, we investigate the ODR region in the m=0 Bragg gap in all the possible cases of both TE and TM modes. We find that with different choices of parameters, the m=0 Bragg gap has different transmission properties, and the ODR region in it changes, consequently. The edges of the ODR region are given out in these cases. To one's interest, these results predict a complete reflection region in the m=0 Bragg gap, which is able to omnidirectionally reflect waves in both TE and TM modes.     

Calculation of nonlinear modes guided by multilayer dielectric structures using the resonance technique

A simple and easily programmable approach based on the resonance method has been developed for analysing optical waves guided by complicated configurations such as multilayer dielectric structures with arbitrary nonlinear media. In this formulation both TE and TM polarizations are considered. In the present paper, as an example of the resonance technique application, the five-layer waveguiding configuration, including two arbitrary nonlinear media along with a linear film of arbitrary profile, is treated. Numerical results are presented in the form of guided power versus propagation constant for various parameters of the problem.     

Resonant Bragg reflection from quantum-well structures

The resonant spectra of light reflected and transmitted by a heterostructure with a finite system of equidistant quantum wells have been calculated. Recurrence relations have been derived connecting the amplitude reflection coefficients from N and N - 2 quantum wells, and analytical properties of the reflection coefficient as a function of the complex frequency ω have been established. A method has been proposed which allows one to find complex frequencies of coupled exciton-photon nonstationary modes, or exciton-polaritons. It has been shown that the resonant Bragg structures represent a particular case where among N eigenmodes only one is radiative.     

多层介质膜光栅激光预处理

在N-on-1测试模式下研究了多层介质膜光栅的激光预处理效应。实验发现,激光预处理之后多层介质光栅膜的阈值能提高到处理前阈值的1.5~2.0倍。预处理机制可能是低能量密度激光辐照减少了光栅表面的污染物并降低了光栅表面的粗糙度。激光预处理可以作为优化光栅结构、酸洗等一系列提高多层介质膜光栅阈值方法的一个补充。     

Superluminal pulse reflection from a weakly absorbing dielectric slab

Group delay for a reflected light pulse from a weakly absorbing dielectric slab is theoretically investigated, and large negative group delay is found for weak absorption near a resonance of the slab [Re(kd)=mpi]. The group delay for both the reflected and transmitted pulses will be saturated with an increase of the absorption.     

Zero reflection from layered anisotropic metamaterial structures

Mathematical formulation for analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering from multilayer anisotropic homogeneous metamaterial structures with general tensors is presented. The result is reflection and transmission matrices formulas. Then, closed form formulas are extracted for structures with diagonal tensors. We try to find structures with exact zero reflection for general incident waves. New cases with zero and low reflection are introduced.     

Omnidirectional reflection and flat-top transmissionin Thue-Morse quasicrystal with single-negative materials

By means of transfer matrix method, we investigate the transmittance and reflectance of Thue-Morse (T-M) structure composed of negative-permittivity and negative-permeability materials. It is shown that the width and location of an omnidirectional reflectance band remain invariant with the change of generation order, and that the omnidirectional reflectance band is determined by both TE and TM polarization, which different completely from that in dielectric T-M structure. Moreover, a flat-top total transmission band occurs around the same frequency in which the general zero average permittivity and permeability are both satisfied in T-M structure. The basis for these phenomena are presented and discussed.     

Omnidirectional reflection in one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals and photonic heterostructures

Designing dielectric systems to create omnidirectional band gaps (OBGs) is an attractive topic in the field of photonic band gap (PBG) structures. In this Letter, we propose a new approach to create OBGs by ternary photonic heterostructures (TPHs) composed of three kinds of materials with different refractive indices and obtain the formulae of the structures of TPHs, i.e., those of the thicknesses of materials and the number of sub-ternary photonic crystals. It may provide a powerful technique for designing the structures being able to produce OBGs by use of usual materials, lowcost materials, and materials with low refractive indices, etc.     

Development of electrodynamic methods for calculation of printed dipole antennas based on multilayer dielectric structures

We found a solution for the electrodynamic problem of calculating the main characteristics (input resistance, radiation pattern, and directive gain) of a printed dipole radiator located in a no-loss multilayer dielectric structure (MDS). Rostov State University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 551–560, June 1999.     

Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice

3 AlF₆/ZnSe multilayer structure developed by means of standard optical technology. The structure was found to have a reflection coefficient of more then 99% in the range of incident angles 0°-86°at the wavelength of 632.8 nm for s-polarization. The results are likely to stimulate new experiments on photonic crystals and controlled spontaneous emission. Received: 30 October 1998/Accepted: 2 November 1998     

Electromagnetic-wave reflection from a nonlinear dielectric plate in a waveguide

The interaction of opposing TE-waves in a nonlinear cubical dielectric located in a waveguide of arbitrary cross-section is examined. It is shown that the propagation constants of the interacting waves are functions of the combination of the amplitudes of those waves. Wave reflection and refraction in a nonlinear plate are investigated. A formula for the reflection coefficient and a “trnasillumination” condition of the nonlinear plate are obtained.     

Resonance reflection of light from two-dimensional superlattice structures

The exciton Bloch states in a quantum well with a two-dimensional periodic potential are studied theoretically. Expressions are derived for the light reflection coefficient and the exciton oscillator strength for a structure with this type of lateral superlattice. The redistribution of the oscillator strength between exciton states with varying period and depth of the potential is analyzed. The limiting cases where the nearly free exciton and tight-binding approximations are applicable are considered.