Quantitative analysis of oxidative DNA damage induced by high-voltage pulsed discharge with cavitation

Pulsed discharge is used for sterilization and disinfection, but the details of the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since pulsed discharge generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), we analyzed the oxidative DNA damages after pulsed discharge treatment to consider the involvement of ROS in the damaging process. We applied pulsed discharge with cavitation to plasmid DNA molecules and estimated the yields of the damages by agarose gel electrophoresis. The treated DNA contained various oxidative DNA damages, including single and double strand breaks and base lesions. The yields of the damages increased in response to the energy used for pulsed discharge. We also measured the yield of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-G), one of the major oxidative base lesions, in the treated plasmid DNA by mass spectrometry quantitatively and found that the yield of the oxidative base lesion corresponded to the increment of the applied energy. In addition, we observed the involvement of mutM gene, which is responsible for repair of 8-OH-G, in the increased sensitivity of Escherichia coli to pulsed discharge. Therefore, ROS seem to mediate the sterilization ability of pulsed discharge.     

重离子诱导的质粒DNA双链断裂分布研究

利用能量为7．2MeV／u氖离子束辐照体外质粒DNA:pUC18，采用恒场凝胶电泳结合多功能荧光成像系统研究了pUC18双链断裂片段的分布。证实了双链断裂片段分布的非随机性，结果还发现DNA断裂后片段的交联现象，而且交联片段的分布也是非随机的。DNA is considered to be the most important and sensitive target in biological systems. In addition to the base damage, DNA strand breaks are the major lesion in the genome due to exposure to ionizing radiation. Mutation can be introduced to DNA as a result of enzymatic processing of DNA lesions or post irradiation replication. However, the mechanisms of radiation induced mutations are not well clarified at the molecular level. To study the effect on the simple plasmid DNA of heavy ion is even predominant or more feasible. Plasmid pUC18 DNA was prepared and irradiated by neon beam (7.199 MeV/u). The fragment distributions were determined by quantifying the ethidium bromide fluorescence. It can be seen that the shape of the intensity distributions is vastly different for the used radiation Dose. The distribution produced shows an excess of fragments particularly in 3 000 and 10 000 Gy the size range between 20—40 kbp and 20—50 bp. This clustering of double stranded fragments might be influenced by the higher order chromatin structure of genomic DNA. If so, DNA loop structures could correspond to the size range for which we observed DSB clustering. Further studies aim at elucidating the heterogeneity of DSB induction within the genome and investigate the influence of chromatin structure on the non random fragment distribution.     

多脉冲激光对胶合透镜热破坏效应研究

具有一定强度的激光辐照胶合透镜时可造成透镜的破坏.建立了多脉冲激光与材料相互作用的一维非稳态温度场模型，计算了瞬态温度场分布，并对胶合透镜前表面的熔融和胶合材料的软化进行了数值模拟研究.利用频率为10Hz，脉冲宽度为200ns，峰值功率为20MW的CO₂激光对胶合透镜进行辐照实验研究.实验表明，当激光辐照时间为12s时，胶合透镜前表面发生熔融破坏；当照射时间为30s时，胶合材料发生软化并出现彩色斑纹，透镜完全破坏，理论分析与实验结果相符. 关键词： 胶合透镜 激光辐照 激光破坏     

用散射光观察激光损伤的动态过程

本文利用散射光观察强激光对光学材料损伤的动态过程，详细说明了材料损伤时，散射光变化特点，以及损伤阈值的确定和散射光变化与损伤形貌的关系，并研究了激光损伤累积效应。     

基于DNA损伤的蛋白调控网络研究

细胞生长的每个阶段都离不开蛋白质相互作用.研究细胞周期的功能、调控机理及参与调控的蛋白质之间的关系对生物工程等领域有重大的应用价值.本文通过研究电离辐射下生物体细胞的DNA损伤后,细胞内以p53为核心的扩展蛋白调控网络的功能、原理及其自修复机理,在现有蛋白网络基础上引入更多蛋白网络调控因子来建立蛋白调控网络,仿真模拟更为全面的细胞周期进程;并且从复杂网络图论和细胞周期调控两个方面分析扩展PMP调控网络的抗扰能力及自修复机理,结果表明:1)蛋白网络在对抗环境中出现的小扰动时具有较强的稳定性.但在面对蓄意攻击时网络的稳定性较差.2)受损的DNA能否被修复取决于p53蛋白的动力学行为,即低损伤与中损伤情况下,p53可诱导细胞周期进程阻滞来完成细胞的自修复;而当高损伤或过损伤时,p53蛋白浓度表现为周期振荡行为并诱导细胞凋亡.     

Effect on DNA synthesis of rice embryo irradiated by laser

Rice embryos(Oryza,sativa L.cv.Zhen Shan 97)were irradiated with N_2laser at λ=0.3371μm and Nd:glass laser at λ=1.06μm in different dosages(e.g.30 min.60 min and 9 pulse,15 pulse)respectively.The change of DNA synthesis rate of embryos inthe early germinating period at 25°C were analysed with(~3H-TdR)incorporation method.The results indicated that the unschedule DNA synghesis were found in the embryos whichwere irradiated either by 30 min and 60 min of N~2 laser or 9 pulse and 15 pulse of Nd:glass laser     

射线引起DNA双链断裂的统计分布

辐射过程引起的生物细胞的DNA双链断裂是一种很重要的细胞损伤过程.射线在细胞中能量沉积比较大时,DNA双链断裂的碎片分布会偏离随机断裂模型给出的结果,为此发展了新的模型分析方法-统计碎裂模型.根据统计物理学的原理和方法，放射性射线照射细胞后，将射线的能量传递给细胞中的DNA分子，当沉积的能量比较大时，体系会经过一个弛豫过程，DNA碎片大小l按照统计规律分布.体系熵值取极大的分布是最可几的分布，从而得到了辐射导致DNA双链断裂后碎裂片段随其大小l的分布函数exp(αl+βl²)，它对应于 两种成分，一种成分随碎裂片段的大小l的增大而迅速减小，这对应于分布函数中的exp(βl ²)项，对于质量比较小的碎裂片段，这种成分是主要贡献；另外一种成分随碎 裂片段的大小l的增大而缓慢减小，这对应于分布函数中的exp(αl)项，对于质量比较大的 碎裂片段，这种成分是主要贡献.根据实验所测的碎裂片段分布，通过数值解法解积分方程 ，将热力学参数α，β解出，与实验结果进行比较，实验的结果支持了DNA双链断裂后碎裂 片段分布的统计碎裂模型. 关键词： 熵 统计碎裂模型 DNA双链断裂     

表面Al膜污染物诱导熔石英表面损伤特性

在熔石英表面人工溅射一层Al膜污染物,分别测试污染前后熔石英基片在355 nm波长激光辐照下的损伤阈值,并采用透射式光热透镜技术、椭偏仪和光学显微镜研究了污染物Al膜的热吸收、厚度以及激光辐照前后熔石英的损伤形貌。用355 nm波长的脉冲激光分别辐照位于污染的熔石英和洁净的熔石英前后表面的损伤点,并用显微镜在线采集损伤增长图样,测试损伤点面积。实验表明:熔石英前表面的金属Al膜污染物导致基片损伤阈值的下降约30%,后表面的污染物导致基片下降约15%,位于熔石英样片后表面损伤点面积随激光辐照次数呈指数增长,而位于前表面的损伤点面积与激光脉冲辐照次数呈线性增长关系;带有污染的熔石英样片的增长因子比洁净的熔石英样片的增长因子高30%。     

Plasmid DNA damage induced by helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Recently demonstrated ghost interference using correlated photons of different frequencies, has been theoretically analyzed. The calculation predicts an interesting nonlocal effect: the fringe width of the ghost interference depends not only on the wave-length of the photon involved, but also on the wavelength of the other photon with which it is entangled. This feature, arising because of different frequencies of the entangled photons, was hidden in the original ghost interference experiment. This prediction can be experimentally tested in a slightly modified version of the experiment.     

表面Al膜污染物诱导熔石英表面损伤特性

在熔石英表面人工溅射一层Al膜污染物,分别测试污染前后熔石英基片在355 nm波长激光辐照下的损伤阈值,并采用透射式光热透镜技术、椭偏仪和光学显微镜研究了污染物Al膜的热吸收、厚度以及激光辐照前后熔石英的损伤形貌。用355 nm波长的脉冲激光分别辐照位于污染的熔石英和洁净的熔石英前后表面的损伤点,并用显微镜在线采集损伤增长图样,测试损伤点面积。实验表明：熔石英前表面的金属Al膜污染物导致基片损伤阈值的下降约30%,后表面的污染物导致基片下降约15%,位于熔石英样片后表面损伤点面积随激光辐照次数呈指数增长,而位于前表面的损伤点面积与激光脉冲辐照次数呈线性增长关系;带有污染的熔石英样片的增长因子比洁净的熔石英样片的增长因子高30%。     

Diagnosis of phasma in CCD damage process induced by laser

In this paper, the shapes of plasma produced by a Q-switched YAG laser acted repeatedly upon a CCD with MOS structure are used, to investigate the destroying process of the optoelectronic device. The experimental results of CCD destroyed by a 1.06μm laser beam with a pulse width of 15 ns are given.     

LN晶体的激光损伤研究

测量了ＬＮ晶体的表面和体损伤阈值，以及重复频率脉冲的积累效应，研究了晶体中的非线性吸收过程。分析了损伤机理，发现在表面和体内都会发生多光子吸收，并且是引起晶体破坏的根源，造成宏观破坏的原因在体内是应力炸裂，在表面是热烧熔化和等离子体抛射。     

多脉冲激光辐照下介质损伤理论研究

针对纳秒脉冲和飞秒脉冲不同的损伤机制,分别建立了两种多脉冲激光损伤模型。脉宽小于10 ps时,损伤是由于等离子体形成造成介质发生烧蚀所致,对此建立了基于电子密度演化方程的介质击穿模型;脉宽大于100 ps时,损伤是由于热沉积造成介质发生熔融所致,对此建立了基于傅里叶热传导方程的介质热损伤模型。通过计算两种模型下激光参数和材料参数对多脉冲损伤的影响,发现由于损伤机理不同,不同参数对单脉冲损伤阈值和多脉冲损伤阈值的影响趋势不完全一致,敏感程度也不同。通过计算得到了与实验结果一致的多脉冲损伤阈值与脉冲数间关系,使定量预估多脉冲损伤阈值和元件使用寿命成为可能。     

1064 nm纳秒激光对石墨烯的损伤效应研究

通过化学气相沉积法制备,并转移到基片得到1~3层石墨烯样品。利用霍尔效应及微区拉曼光谱测量,结合光学显微镜观察,分析了不同层数石墨烯在1064 nm纳秒激光辐照下的损伤特性。实验发现1~3层石墨烯的激光损伤阈值依次降低,分别为：单层0.45 J/cm2,2层0.34 J/cm2,3层0.23 J/cm2。激光强度超过阈值时,石墨烯薄膜电阻增大,载流子迁移率降低。通过光学显微镜观察发现局部区域破损,破损区域的拉曼光谱中1580 cm-1左右的G峰和2700 cm-1左右的2D峰高度比发生变化。实验结果表明1064 nm纳秒激光辐照石墨烯主要为剥离作用。     

DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons: electron transfer and diffraction

Thin films of the short single strand of DNA, GCAT, in which guanine (G) or adenine (A) have been removed, were bombarded under vacuum by 4 to 15 eV electrons. The fragments corresponding to base release and strand breaks (SB) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and their yields compared with those obtained from unmodified GCAT. From such a comparison, it is shown that, using GCAT as a model system, (1) most SB result from electron capture by DNA bases followed by electron transfer to the phosphate group and (2) the initial capture probability depends on the coherence of the electron wave within the tetramer.     

打开DNA双链的物理新方法——激光微流法

文章报道了一种打开DNA双链的物理方法——激光微流法.DNA双链分子被固定在石英片的表面,在一定强度的激光衰逝波和微流振荡共同作用下,DNA双链间的氢键被迅速打开.利用全内反射单分子荧光共振能量转移技术,可以观察到激光微流法打开单个DNA的动力学过程.通过对激光进行控制,可以准确地打开连接在石英表面特定位置的DNA双链.DNA分子打开的比例与激光功率的关系表明微流产生的机械能与激光光能在DNA双链打开过程中缺一不可.     

7Li和12C离子致DNA链断裂的研究

选用HI-13串列加速器产生的不同传能线密度的⁷Li和¹²C重离子,以不同的剂量对纯化的质粒DNA水溶液进行了辐照.利用原子力显微镜对这两种重离子诱发的DNA损伤进行了纳米水平的结构分析,并用ScionImage分析软件完成了DNA碎片长度的测量.得到了DNA分子超螺旋、开环和线性三种形态随剂量的变化情况以及DNA碎片长度的分布函数,并用Tsallis熵统计理论对实验结果进行了拟合.     

真空条件下激光诱导光纤损伤特性研究

实验研究并分析了调Q Nd:YAG 脉冲激光诱导光纤损伤特性.设计了在真空条件下全石英光纤传输1064 nm 脉冲激光实验.通过将激光注入光纤端面气压降低到10—100 Pa, 光纤端面击穿阈值提高到大气环境下的185 倍.结合光纤端面损伤形貌分析可知,光纤端面损伤主要是由于激光驻波场和烧蚀共同作用的结果,光纤端面或内部大量的缺陷降低了光纤抗激光损伤的能力.在真空条件下由于光纤端面光学击穿阈值的提高,激光诱导光纤损伤特性又表现出了另外一种损伤模式——光纤初始输入段损伤.它发生在光纤输入段附 关键词： 激光损伤 光束传输 真空 石英光纤     

面阵CCD相机的飞秒激光损伤分析

研究了飞秒激光对CCD相机的干扰和损伤效应。采用波长为800 nm,脉宽为100 fs,单脉冲能量为500μJ的脉冲激光辐照行间转移型面阵CCD相机,测量了飞秒激光对CCD相机的损伤阈值。在逐步提高到达CCD靶面能量的过程中观察点损伤、线损伤和全靶面损伤等实验现象,得到了点损伤阈值为151.2 mJ/cm2,线损伤阈值为508.2 mJ/cm2,全靶面损伤阈值为5.91 J/cm2。测量了CCD在不同损伤情况下时钟信号线间及其与地间的电阻值,通过对比CCD损伤前后的电阻值,发现线损伤和全靶面损伤时CCD垂直转移时钟线间及其与地间的电阻值明显变小。最后分析讨论了损伤部位和损伤机理。     

酸蚀与紫外激光预处理结合提高熔石英损伤阈值

采用HF酸刻蚀和紫外激光预处理相结合的方式提升熔石英元件的负载能力,用质量分数为1%的HF缓冲溶液对熔石英刻蚀1~100 min,综合透过率、粗糙度和损伤阈值测试结果,发现刻蚀时间为10 min的熔石英抗损伤能力最佳。采用355 nm紫外激光对HF酸刻蚀10 min的熔石英进行预处理,结果表明：紫外预处理能量密度在熔石英零损伤阈值的60%以下时,激光损伤阈值单调递增;能量到达80%时,阈值反而低于原始样片的损伤阈值。适当地控制酸蚀时间和紫外激光预处理参数能有效提高熔石英的抗损伤能力。