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1.
K. A. Verkhovskaya A. A. Plakseev N. D. Gavrilova A. M. Lotonov S. G. Yudin 《Moscow University Physics Bulletin》2009,64(6):617-620
The dielectric dispersion of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer P(VDF/TrFE) (70/30) films obtained by the Langmuir-Blodgett
technique was investigated in the low-temperature range from 20 to −100°C. The thickness of the explored films was 40 nm.
A glass-transition range from −25 to −40°C was detected; this indicates the presence of an amorphous phase in the LB films. 相似文献
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K. A. Verkhovskaya A. A. Plakseev A. M. Lotonov N. D. Gavrilova S. G. Yudin 《Physics of the Solid State》2009,51(7):1370-1373
The dielectric dispersion of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer films prepared using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is studied. All films of different compositions and thicknesses undergo a Debye-type dielectric relaxation. The phenomenon of critical slowing down is investigated. It is found that the relaxation time τ and the kinetic coefficient ξ depend on the thickness of the film. 相似文献
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A. M. Lotonov A. V. Vorobyev N. D. Gavrilova K. A. Verkhovskaya S. G. Yudin 《Moscow University Physics Bulletin》2011,66(6):557-559
Dielectric dispersion is studied in films made of vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymer [P(VDF/TrFE)], which are
obtained by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique in the temperature range from −90 to +132°C. The thickness of the films studied
is ∼7 nm. A glass transition is observed in the temperature range from −40 to −50°C; this indicates the presence of an amorphous
phase in the ultrathin Langmuir-Blodgett films. 相似文献
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P.G. de Gennes 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2000,2(3):201-205
Freely standing polystyrene films show an anomalous drop of the glass temperature when the molecular weight is high and the thickness smaller than the coil size R0. We present here a tentative explanation for these features, where two types of motions compete: a) standard motions, controlled
by the free volume, and independent of chain length, b) collective motions along the chain, which require a weaker free volume
(except for the end groups). For bulk systems, the standard motion always wins because of the end group hindrance. But for
films thinner than the coil size, the dominant process may be the collective motion of a “loop” which does not involve the
chain ends. What matters then is not the overall polymerisation index (N), but the length g of a typical loop starting from the surface (which is a more fluid region) and reaching deep into the film. With these ingredients,
some surprising aspects of may possibly be understood.
Received 7 December 1999 相似文献
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K. A. Verkhovskaya A. A. Plakseev A. M. Lotonov 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2010,74(5):634-636
The dielectric dispersion of nanocrystals of vinylidene fluoride—trifluoroethylene copolymer of 70/30 composition was investigated.
A phase transition was revealed in ferroelectric nanocrystals at T = 100°C. A wide temperature hysteresis was observed, indicating a first-order phase transition. 相似文献
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Ellison CJ Kim SD Hall DB Torkelson JM 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2002,8(2):155-166
Fluorescence intensity measurements of chromophore-doped or -labeled polymers have been used for the first time to determine
the effects of decreasing film thickness on glass transition temperature, T
g, the relative strength of the glass transition, and the relative rate of physical aging below T
g in supported, ultrathin polymer films. The temperature dependence of fluorescence intensity measured in the glassy state
of thin and ultrathin films of pyrene-doped polystyrene (PS), poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA), and poly(2-vinylpyridine)
(P2VP) differs from that in the rubbery state with a transition at T
g. Positive deviations from bulk T
g are observed in ultrathin PiBMA and P2VP films on silica substrates while substantial negative deviations from bulk T
g are observed in ultrathin PS films on silica substrates. The relative difference in the temperature dependences of fluorescence
intensity in the rubbery and glassy states is usually reduced with decreasing film thickness, indicating that the strength
of the glass transition is reduced in thinner films. The temperature dependence of fluorescence intensity also provides useful
information on effects of processing history as well as on the degree of polymer-substrate interaction. In addition, when
used as a polymer label, a mobility-sensitive rotor chromophore is demonstrated to be useful in measuring relative rates of
physical aging in films as thin as 10 nm.
Received 21 August 2001 相似文献
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In order to study the magnetic anisotropy of transition metal ultrathin films, we have performed tight-binding calculations including spin-orbit coupling. Beside the anisotropy energy these calculations also yield the orbital moment, which turns out to be much more anisotropic than in bulk materials. The effects of interfacial mismatch and roughness are discussed within phenomenological models. We also briefly review experimental results on the magnetic surface anisotropy (MSA) in transition metal ultrathin films. In some cases such as Au/Co/Au(111) sandwiches the MSA wins the competition with the shape anisotropy arising from the magnetostatic energy: below a critical thickness this leads to aperpendicular spontaneous magnetization. We show the effects of this crossover on the hysteresis loops and on the magnetoresistance, and the effects of interface roughness on the critical thickness. 相似文献
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Surface damage produced by single MeV-GeV heavy ions impacting ultrathin polymer films has been shown to be weaker than those observed under bulk (thick film) conditions. The decrease in damage efficiency has been attributed to the suppression of long-range effects arising from excited atoms lying deeply in the solid. This raises the possibility that the substrate of the films itself is relevant to the radiation effects seen at the top surface. Here, the role of the substrate on cratering induced by individual 1.1 GeV Au ions in ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layers is investigated. Materials of different thermal and electrical properties (Si, SiO2, and Au) are used as substrates to deposit PMMA thin films of various thicknesses from ∼1 to ∼300 nm. We show that in films thinner than ∼40 nm craters are modulated by the underlying substrate to a degree that depends on the transport properties of the medium. Crater size in ultrathin films deposited on the insulating SiO2 is larger than in similar films deposited on the conducting Au layer. This is consistent with an inefficient coupling of the electronic excitation energy to the atomic cores in metals. On the other hand, the damage on films deposited on SiO2 is not very different from the Si substrate with a native oxide layer, suggesting, in addition, poor energy transmission across the film/substrate interface. The experimental observations are also compared to calculations from an analytical model based on energy addition and transport from the excited ion track, which describe only partially the results. 相似文献
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Recently, we (P.A. O'Connell, G.B. McKenna, Science 307, 1760 (2005)) introduced a novel nano-bubble inflation method to measure the absolute creep compliance of nanometer thick
polymer films. In that work it was shown that even at film thicknesses as small as 27.5nm the glass temperature was unchanged
for poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc). Perhaps more importantly, and the subject of the present work, was the observation that these
ultrathin films show a dramatic stiffening in the rubbery plateau regime, i.e., the compliance was reduced by over two orders of magnitude compared to the bulk material. In the present work we substantiate
the previous results in a study of the thickness dependence of the rubbery compliance of PVAc and polystyrene (PS) films for
thicknesses from 13nm to 276nm. We show the substantial stiffening of the plateau region for both materials. Furthermore,
the rubbery compliance (inverse of stiffness) scales with approximately the second power ( 1.8±0.2) in the film thickness
for both materials. 相似文献
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André Anders Eungsun Byon Dong-Ho Kim Sunnie H.N. Lim 《Solid State Communications》2006,140(5):225-229
The nucleation and coalescence of silver islands on coated glass was investigated by in situ measurements of the sheet resistance. Sub-monolayer amounts of niobium and other transition metals were deposited prior to the deposition of silver. It was found that in some cases, the transition metals lead to coalescence of silver at nominally thinner films with smoother topology. The smoothing or roughening effects by the presence of the transition metal can be explained by kinetically limited transition metal islands growth and oxidation, followed by defect-dominated nucleation of silver. 相似文献
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Energy gaps and transition temperatures of extremely thin aluminum, indium and lead films, deposited on SiO or naphthalene, depend on the film thickness up to about 300 Å. This dependence is due to quantum size effects and to surface interactions. 相似文献
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The ratio increases with decreasing film thickness (down to 5 nm) for vapour-quenched micro-crystalline Pb, while it is almost independent of thickness for amorphous Ga and Bi. 相似文献