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纳米结构聚吡咯构建的生物传感器 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
本文总结了纳米结构聚吡咯对生物分子的固定方法如吸附法、电化学聚合包埋法、共价键偶联法以及分子印迹法,重点评述了基于纳米结构聚吡咯的电流型生物传感器,如酶、核酸、免疫传感器等的工作原理和探测性能.指出聚吡咯纳米敏感材料优良的选择透过性和高比表面积有利于生物分子的固定,提高了生物传感器的敏感度;聚吡咯良好的生物相容性和抗干扰性,可以很好地保持生物分子的活性,提高生物传感器的选择性和环境稳定性;聚吡咯与其它敏感材料如碳纳米管或金属纳米粒子复合,两者的协同效应使电极的电化学信号放大、电催化活性可提高2~4个数量级.检出限最高可提升5万倍;聚吡咯纳米生物传感器在生物医学工程、临床诊断、环境监测、食品卫生和科学等领域展现出广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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采用电化学聚合技术,在掺杂的导电聚吡咯薄膜修饰过的铅笔芯电极上,吸附葡萄糖氧化酶制备葡萄糖生物传感器。首先在含有0.1 mol/L吡咯和0.01 mol/L HCl的溶液中,于0.7 V恒电位下吡咯单体氧化聚合,在铅笔芯电极表面形成聚吡咯薄膜;然后将葡萄糖氧化酶吸附在修饰过的电极上制备出葡萄糖氧化酶-聚吡咯-铅笔芯电极电流型生物传感器。实验考察了吡咯聚合时间、聚合温度、葡萄糖氧化酶吸附量、检测电压以及干扰物对传感器性能的影响。实验结果表明,在优化条件下,传感器的灵敏度为17.78μA/mmol/L,线性范围0.8 mmol/L,线性相关度R=0.9918,响应时间小于16 s,检测下限为18.75μmol/L,有较强的抗干扰能力。 相似文献
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聚吡咯葡萄糖氧化酶电极的生物电化学响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用分步骤合过程,制备了以聚吡咯膜为载体的葡萄糖氧化酶电极,探讨了其生物电化学响应特性,计算了酶催化反应的有关动力学参数。与溶解态酶相比,该电极表现出良好的生物电化学特征,而且酶蛋白对溶液温度的稳定性有显著提高。 相似文献
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聚吡咯固定胆固醇氧化酶/普鲁士蓝安培传感器的研制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用电聚合吡咯的方法将胆固醇氧化酶固定在普鲁士蓝 (PB)修饰玻碳电极表面 ,制成了一种新型胆固醇安培传感器。PB膜修饰电极催化过氧化氢电还原 ,于 0V(vs.Ag ACl)产生灵敏还原峰 ,利用安培法可对胆固醇进行间接测定。胆固醇的测定范围为 0~ 2× 10 - 4mol L ,检出限为 6× 10 - 7mol L ,灵敏度较当前胆固醇传感器有明显的提高。同时该传感器对胆固醇的测定避免了常规电化学传感器测定中样品所含大量的易氧化物质带来的干扰 相似文献
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在研究DNA与儿茶酚胺类分子之间相互作用的基础上, 以碳纤维电极(CFE)为基底, 制备了一种新型的DNA-过氧化聚吡咯(PPyox)生物复合膜传感器, 与单一的DNA或PPyox修饰层相比具有更高的灵敏度和选择性. 相似文献
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聚吡咯尿酸酶电极的生物电化学活性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
聚吡咯尿酸酶电极具有快速的生牧电化学响应.在5.9×10^-6mol·dm^-3至1.5×10^-3mol·dm^-3的尿酸浓度范围内,酶电极的响应电流与底物浓度之间呈线性关系.固定酶的催化反应活化能为34.81kJ ·mol^-1.与可溶性的尿酸酶相比,聚吡咯尿酸酶电极的一些生物活性,如与溶液的pH和温度的关系,发生了有利的变化. 相似文献
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基于导电聚合物吡咯膜的生物电化学传感研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
导电聚合物可以与纳米尺寸的生物分子形成纳米复合物,在生物催化传感器的设计中,聚吡咯(Ppy)是应用最为广泛的一种导电聚合物,这种聚合物膜具有良好的导电性、选择性、稳定性、灵敏性以及生物相容性,很容易用于纳米尺寸生物分子的固定,并展示独特的催化和亲合特性.文章主要讨论了氧化还原酶在Ppy界面上的电子传递,提出了Ppy在免疫传感器、DNA传感器以及分子印迹技术领域中的最新应用及存在的问题,并对导电聚合物在未来分子技术中的发展进行了展望. 相似文献
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《Electroanalysis》2017,29(12):2766-2772
In this work polypyrrole nanoparticles of high electrochemical activity were used to prepare disposable, potentiometric sensors with a paper support. The paper support modified with polypyrrole nanoparticles served as electrical lead and ion‐to‐electron transducer and it was covered by a typical poly(vinyl chloride) based ion‐selective membrane. The properties of this arrangement were tested on example of potassium‐selective electrodes. The sensors prepared benefited from the properties of conducting polymer nanostructures: high electrical conductivity and electroactivity as well as absence of suspension stabilizing agent. The obtained electrodes were characterized with analytical parameters well comparable with those of classical ion‐selective electrodes. 相似文献
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The preparation method of biological ferment electrode is one of decisive factors that affect its bio-electrochemical responding sign. It demands both suitable indicator electrode and antiwater soluble film that can keep catalytic activity. In this paper,urease was doped into polypyrrole(PPy) film while pyrrole(Py) was polymerized by electrochemical method to formed urease biosensor based on PPy film,then,ferment electrode was combined with CO2 gas-sensing electrode to assemble a urease biosensor responding to urea. 相似文献
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《Electroanalysis》2006,18(16):1537-1551
One of the most frequently used conducting polymers, polypyrrole, can take part in chemical processes with typical components of ambient media: oxygen, acids, bases, redox reactants, water, and organic vapors; it can also incorporate nonreactive ions and surfactants from solutions. The influence of such processes on changes of the polymer structure, composition and on possible degradation is analyzed. The benefits and disadvantages of such processes for analytical characteristic of polypyrrole based electrochemical sensors are considered. This discussion is focused on potentiometric ion sensors, where polypyrrole is either a receptor membrane or an ion‐to‐electron transducer placed between a solid state electrode support and a typical ion‐selective membrane. 相似文献
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超分子化学研究的核心内容之一是主客体分子识别,主体分子通过非共价键作用与客体分子结合并实现一些特定的功能。大环化合物由于拥有特殊的环状结构,可以与客体分子高效结合,配合荧光团可开发性能优异的传感分子,从而受到科研工作者的广泛关注。本文综述了近五年以来冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲以及柱芳烃等五类大环化合物作为荧光传感分子的研究进展,并简单介绍了荧光传感器的设计思路、工作原理以及应用,最后对大环荧光传感器的发展作出展望。 相似文献
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Nickel oxide nanoparticle (NiO?NP) and polypyrrole (PPy) composite were deposited on a Pt electrode for fabrication of a urea biosensor. To develop the sensor, a thin film of PPy?NiO composite was deposited on a Pt substrate that serves as a matrix for the immobilization of enzyme. Urease was immobilized on the surface of Pt/PPy?NiO by a physical adsorption. The response of the fabricated electrode (Pt/PPy?NiO/Urs) towards urea was analyzed by chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Electrochemical response of the bio‐electrode was significantly enhanced. This is due to electron transfer between Ni2+ and Ni3+ as the electro‐catalytic group and the reaction between polypyrrole and the urease‐liberated ammonium. The fabricated electrode showed reliable and demonstrated perfectly linear response (0.7–26.7 mM of urea concentration, R2= 0.993), with high sensitivity (0.153 mA mM?1 cm?2), low detection of limit (1.6 μM), long stability (10 weeks), and low response time (~5 s). The developed biosensor was highly selective and obtained data were repeatable and reproduced using PPy‐NiO composite loaded with immobilized urease as urea biosensors. 相似文献