Morphology-controlled synthesis of W18O49 nanostructures and their near-infrared absorption properties

The morphology-controlled synthesis and near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties of W(18)O(49) were systematically investigated for the application of innovative energy-saving windows. Various morphologies of W(18)O(49), such as nanorods, nanofibers, nanograins, nanoassembles, nanoplates, and nanoparticles, with various sizes were successfully synthesized by solvothermal reactions using organic alcohols as reaction media and WCl(6), W(EtO)(6), and WO(3) solids as the tungsten source. W(18)O(49) nanorods of less than 50 nm in length showed the best optical performance as an effective solar filter, which realized high transmittance in the visible region as well as excellent shielding properties of NIR light. Meanwhile, the W(18)O(49) nanorods also exhibited strong absorption of NIR light and instantaneous conversion of the absorbed photoenergy to the local heat.     

Novel route to WOx nanorods and WS2 nanotubes from WS2 inorganic fullerenes

WO(x) (2 < x < 3) and WS(2) nanostructures have been widely praised due to applications as catalysts, solid lubricants, field emitters, and optical components. Many methods have been developed to fabricate these nanomaterials; however, most attention was focused on the same dimensional transformation from WO(x) nanoparticles or nanorods to WS(2) nanoparticles or nanotubes. In a solid-vapor reaction, by simply controlling the quantity of water vapor and reaction temperature, we have realized the transformation from quasi-zero-dimensional WS(2) nanoparticles to one-dimensional W(18)O(49) nanorods, and subsequent sulfuration reactions have further converted these W(18)O(49) nanorods into WS(2) nanotubes. The reaction temperature, quantity of water vapor, and pretreatment of the WS(2) nanoparticle precursors are important process parameters for long, thin, and homogeneous W(18)O(49) nanorods growth. The morphologies, crystal structures, and circling transformation mechanisms of sulfide-oxide-sulfide are discussed, and the photoluminescence properties of the resulting nanorods are investigated using a Xe lamp under an excitation of 270 nm.     

Promoting infrared light driven photocatalytic activity of W18O49 nanorods by coupling polypyrrole

Research on Chemical Intermediates - It is essential to promote the infrared light driven photocatalytic activity of W18O49. To do this, W18O49 nanorods coupled with polypyrrole (PPY) have been...     

An inorganic route for controlled synthesis of W18O49 nanorods and nanofibers in solution

In this work, we describe a simple inorganic route for synthesis of monodispersed W(18)O(49) nanorods with dimensional control in the quantum confinement regime. The single-crystalline W(18)O(49) nanorods can be prepared into stable colloidal solutions, or assembled into fibrous and/or paper forms by tuning process parameters. The important role of Na(2)SO(4) salt in the synthesis has been demonstrated. This inorganic route should be feasible for large-scale production of low-dimensional nanostructured W(18)O(49).     

Synthesis of WO3 nanorods by reacting WO(OMe)4 under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature followed by annealing

This article reports on the fabrication of WO(3) nanorods using an efficient straightforward synthetic technique, without a catalyst, and using a single precursor. The thermal dissociation of WO(OMe)(4) at 700 degrees C in a closed Swagelok cell under an air/inert atmosphere yielded W(18)O(49) nanorods. Annealing of W(18)O(49) at 500 degrees C under an air atmosphere led to the formation of pure WO(3) nanorods. The obtained products are characterized by morphological (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy), structural (X-ray diffraction analysis, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and compositional [energy-dispersive X-ray and elemental (C, H, N, S) analysis] measurements. The mechanism of the formation of nonstoichiometric W(18)O(49) nanorods is supported by the measured analytical data and several control experiments.     

近红外吸收PC滤光片的制备与性能研究

使用染料-高聚物混合(dye-in-polymer)的方法将近红外吸收染料作为功能添加剂分散在聚碳酸酯(PC)中,采用注塑成型的方法制备了用于夜视兼容照明的近红外吸收滤光片.研究了近红外吸收剂在PC材料中的吸收行为,确定了近红外吸收剂的添加量,最终制备的近红外吸收滤光片在660～930 nm波长范围内有良好的吸收能力,在此波段范围内的光线透过率为0.15%,同时在450～630 nm波长范围内保持了较好的可见光透过性.按照标准测试手段对样品的耐热老化性能,耐光老化性能和力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,制备的近红外吸收滤光片性能稳定,强度大,具有良好的应用性能.     

Growth and characterization of ZnO (microdisks)/W18O49 (nanorods) heterostructures

ZnO (microdisks)/W₁₈O₄₉ (nanorods) heterostructures were grown on a Si(111) substrate using a thermal evaporation method. X-ray diffraction of the products indicated two separate phases belong to monoclinic W₁₈O₄₉ and hexagonal ZnO structures. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed W₁₈O₄₉ nanorods with approximately uniform diameters (∼20 nm) on ZnO microdisk. Field emission Auger electron spectroscopy (FEAES) also confirmed two separate elemental characteristics of W₁₈O₄₉ and ZnO. The Raman and photoluminescence (PL) studies demonstrated that the ZnO microdisks have a good crystallinity with excellent optical properties. The Raman results of the ZnO(microdisks)/W₁₈O₄₉(nanorods) heterostructures indicated only W₁₈O₄₉ structure and the PL results of the heterostructures showed two peaks, one in the ultraviolet region at 374 nm and another in the visible region at 500 nm, which both belong to W₁₈O₄₉ nanorods.     

Photochromic hybrid materials of cucurbituril and polyoxometalates as photocatalysts under visible light

Two isostructural organic-inorganic hybrid solid materials based on cucurbituril derivatives and polyoxometalates, {[K(2)(H(2)O)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)(6)](P(2)W(18)O(62))(Me(10)Q(5))(2)}·~7H(2)O (1) and {[Rb(2)(H(2)O)(2)Na(2)(H(2)O)Na(2)(H(2)O)(4)](P(2)W(18)O(62))(Me(10)Q(5))(2)}·~8H(2)O (2), which exhibit reversible photochromic properties as well as excellent photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine-B (RB) under visible light irradiation, are reported.     

热电子驱动氧化钨/石墨化氮化碳S-型异质结实现宽光谱光催化产氢活性

近年来,等离子体材料因具有独特的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)效应,可实现可见光到近红外范围内光利用,因此引起人们的广泛关注.利用等离子体材料(贵金属或重掺杂半导体材料)合理构建异质结构,可以同时拓宽光催化剂的光谱响应范围,抑制载流子的复合,从而提高光催化活性.在已报道的等离子体半导体中,WO3–x具有无毒、价廉以及光谱响应宽等优异特性.本文通过将一维等离子体W18O49纳米线负载到2D g-C3N4纳米片上,构建了WO3–x/HCN S型异质结光催化剂.在可见光下光催化产氢活性测试中,纯相质子化氮化碳(HCN)的产氢活性相对较低,为259μmol·g?1·h?1,而W18O49/HCN复合材料的产氢活性显著高于HCN,其中性能最优的W18O49/HCN复合材料产氢速率为892μmol·g?1·h?1,约为HCN的3.4倍.在550 nm单色光照射下,W18O49/HCN复合材料的产氢速率仍有41.5μmol·g?1·h?1,纯相HCN和W18O49均未有H2生成.在420,450,520 nm处测得的W18O49/HCN复合材料的表观量子效率分别为6.21％,1.28％和0.14％.W18O49纳米线起着扩展光吸附和热电子供体的双重作用,使WO3–x/g-C3N4具有宽光谱响应的光催化分解水活性.等离子体W18O49纳米线可以产生热电子,热电子转移到HCN的导带(CB),参与水还原反应,实现宽光谱的光催化产氢活性.利用固体紫外测试确定了W18O49/HCN复合材料能带结构,与传统的WO3催化剂相比,W18O49在500–1200 nm处表现出明显的尾部吸收,这是由于W18O49大量的氧空位引起的LSPR效应.而W18O49/HCN异质结具有比HCN更长的吸收边.通过第一原理密度泛函理论模拟计算了W18O49和HCN的功函数,分别为5.73和3.95 eV.因此,当HCN与W18O49结合形成紧密的界面时,电子会从做功函数小的HCN向做功函数大的W18O49移动,直至达到费米能级平衡,形成内建电场.此外,由于电子数量的减少,HCN的能带边缘向上弯曲,而由于电子的捕获,W18O49能带边缘向下弯曲,这种向上与向下的能带弯曲是S型结构的典型特征之一,这也与XPS测试结果相吻合.W18O49/HCN异质结内建电场驱动WO3–x中导带(CB)的电子向g-C3N4的价带(VB)移动.在该设计中,效率低的电子和空穴被重新组合并排出,而具有高氧化还原能力的功能电子和空穴则被保留下来.不仅如此,S-scheme有望同时引导光生电子和热电子运动,从而避免逆电荷传递,有利于热电子的有效利用.W18O49和g-C3N4匹配的带隙所产生的S-scheme可以导致较强的氧化还原能力和较高的光诱导电荷迁移速率.对HCN与W18O49/HCN光电性能的测试结果表明,1D/2D W18O49/HCN异质结的构建可以充分改善光生电子-空穴对的分离和迁移,进而表现出更好的光催化活性.电子自旋共振结果也证实了W18O49/HCN中S型电荷转移机制.     

Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的水热法制备及其光致发光性能

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O 和Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料, 通过水热法在较低温度下制备了纯ZnO和Co掺杂的ZnO(ZnO:Co)纳米棒. 利用XRD、EDS、TEM和HRTEM对样品进行了表征, 结合光致发光(PL)谱研究了样品的PL性能. 结果表明, 水热法制备纯ZnO和ZnO:Co纳米棒均具有较好的结晶度. Co2+是以替代的形式进入ZnO晶格, 掺入量为2%(原子分数)左右. 纯的ZnO纳米棒平均直径约为20 nm, 平均长度约为180 nm; 掺杂样品的平均直径值约为15 nm, 平均长度约为200 nm左右; Co掺杂轻微地影响ZnO纳米棒的生长. 另外, Co掺杂能够调整ZnO纳米棒的能带结构、提高表面态含量, 进而使得ZnO:Co纳米棒的紫外发光峰位红移, 可见光发光能力增强.     

Au nanorods decorated TiO2 nanobelts with enhanced full solar spectrum photocatalytic antibacterial activity and the sterilization file cabinet application

TiO₂ photocatalysts have been widely studied and applied for removing bacteria, but its antibacterial efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet (UV) range of the solar spectrum. In this work, we use the gold (Au) nanorods to enhance the visible and near-infrared (NIR) light absorption of TiO₂ NBs, a typical UV light photocatalyst, thus the enhancement of its full solar spectrum (UV, visible and NIR) photocatalytic antibacterial properties is achieved. Preliminary surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhancement photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism is suggested. On one hand, transverse and longitudinal SPR of Au NRs is beneficial for visible and NIR light utilization. On the other hand, Au NRs combined with TiO₂ NBs to form the heterostructure, which can improve the photogenerated carrier separation and direct electron transfer increases the hot electron concentration while Au NRs as the electron channel can well restrain charge recombination, finally produces the high yield of radical oxygen species and exhibits a superior antibacterial efficiency. Furthermore, we design a sterilization file cabinet with Au NR/TiO₂ NB heterostructures as the photocatalytic coating plates. Our study reveals that Au NR/TiO₂ NB heterostructure is a potential candidate for sterilization of bacteria and archives protection.     

Ti~(3+)自掺杂的纳米TiO_2的制备及其可见光催化性能

以TiH2为Ti源,H2O2为氧化剂,首先通过表面氧化得到不同状态的前驱体凝胶,然后采用后续水热处理制备Ti3+自掺杂的纳米Ti O2.考察了前驱体凝胶状态及水热处理时间对材料结构和性能的影响.利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、电子顺磁共振波谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱手段对样品进行表征.以次甲基蓝溶液为模拟废水评价样品的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,与纯Ti O2相比,Ti3+的自掺杂使材料在可见光区有明显的吸收,并具有良好的可见光催化降解性能和循环使用性能.当采用黄色凝胶为前驱体时,在160°C下水热处理24 h所得样品在可见光下光催化降解次甲基蓝的反应速率常数(0.0439 min-1)是纯Ti O2的18.3倍.     

Dual energy converting nano-phosphors: upconversion luminescence and X-ray excited scintillation from a single composition of lanthanide-doped yttrium oxide

We report an upconverting nanomaterial composition, [Y(2)O(3); Yb (2%), Er (1%)], that converts both X-ray and high-fluence NIR irradiation to visible light. This composition is compared to a higher Yb(3+) doped composition, [Y(2)O(3); Yb (10%), Er (1%)], that displays diminished visible X-ray scintillation, but shows enhanced red wavelength centered upconversion emission. These nanocrystals have been characterized by TEM, X-ray diffraction, power-dependent upconversion luminescence, and X-ray scintillation spectroscopy. We further demonstrate that lithium ion doping of the [Y(2)O(3); Yb (2%), Er (1%)] nanoscale composition leads to enhanced X-ray and NIR excited emission intensities through the production of nanoparticles that feature slightly enhanced sizes and increased crystallinity.     

Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Enhanced Visible‐NIR‐Driven Photocatalytic and Photothermal Catalytic Performance by Ag/Mesoporous Black TiO2 Nanotube Heterojunctions

Ag/mesoporous black TiO₂ nanotubes heterojunctions (Ag‐MBTHs) were fabricated through a surface hydrogenation, wet‐impregnation and photoreduction strategy. The as‐prepared Ag‐MBTHs possess a relatively high specific surface area of ≈85 m² g^?1 and an average pore size of ≈13.2 nm. The Ag‐MBTHs with a narrow band gap of ≈2.63 eV extend the photoresponse from UV to the visible‐light and near‐infrared (NIR) region. They exhibit excellent visible‐NIR‐driven photothermal catalytic and photocatalytic performance for complete conversion of nitro aromatic compounds (100 %) and mineralization of highly toxic phenol (100 %). The enhancement can be attributed to the mesoporous hollow structures increasing the light multi‐refraction, the Ti³⁺ in frameworks and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles favoring light‐harvesting and spatial separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which is confirmed by transient fluorescence. The fabrication of this SPR‐enhanced visible‐NIR‐driven Ag‐MBTHs catalyst may provide new insights for designing other high‐performance heterojunctions as photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic nanomaterials.     

Synthesis and optical properties of V2O5 nanorods

A two-step method was proposed in synthesizing V2O5 nanorods on planar substrates, i.e., depositing a V2O3 thin film at approximately 220 degrees C (by heating a pure sheet of vanadium in a rough vacuum) and then heating it in air at approximately 400 degrees C. The V2O5 nanorods produced by this technique are single crystalline and could emit intense visible light at room temperature, possibly due to some defects such as oxygen vacancies which got involved during growth. This study provides a simple and low-substrate-temperature route in fabricating V2O5 nanorods on planar substrates, which might be also applicable to other metal oxides.     

无种子法纳米金棒的制备及其对肿瘤细胞光热治疗效应研究

采用简便快捷的无种子法一步完成了纳米金棒的制备.通过改变实验条件可以调控纳米金棒的吸收峰从可见到近红外转移.将巯基聚乙二醇(PEG-SH)置换金棒表面的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)分子,大大提高了金棒的生物相容性.制备的纳米金棒在近红外(NIR)光照射下对肿瘤细胞有很好的杀伤效果.研究结果为纳米金棒用于抗肿瘤治疗提供了实验基础.     

无种子法纳米金棒的制备及其对肿瘤细胞光热治疗效应研究

采用简便快捷的无种子法一步完成了纳米金棒的制备. 通过改变实验条件可以调控纳米金棒的吸收峰从可见到近红外转移. 将巯基聚乙二醇（PEG-SH）置换金棒表面的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）分子,大大提高了金棒的生物相容性. 制备的纳米金棒在近红外（NIR）光照射下对肿瘤细胞有很好的杀伤效果.研究结果为纳米金棒用于抗肿瘤治疗提供了实验基础.     

Upconverting‐Nanoparticle‐Assisted Photochemistry Induced by Low‐Intensity Near‐Infrared Light: How Low Can We Go?

Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) convert near‐infrared (NIR) light into UV or visible light that can trigger photoreactions of photosensitive compounds. In this paper, we demonstrate how to reduce the intensity of NIR light for UCNP‐assisted photochemistry. We synthesized two types of UCNPs with different emission bands and five photosensitive compounds with different absorption bands. A λ=974 nm laser was used to induce photoreactions in all of the investigated photosensitive compounds in the presence of the UCNPs. The excitation thresholds of the photoreactions induced by λ=974 nm light were measured. The lowest threshold was 0.5 W cm^?2, which is lower than the maximum permissible exposure of skin (0.726 W cm^?2). We demonstrate that low‐intensity NIR light can induce photoreactions after passing through a piece of tissue without damaging the tissue. Our results indicate that the threshold for UCNP‐ assisted photochemistry can be reduced by using highly photosensitive compounds that absorb upconverted visible light. Low excitation intensity in UCNP‐assisted photochemistry is important for biomedical applications because it minimizes the overheating problems of NIR light and causes less photodamage to biomaterials.     

g-C_3N_4/CdS纳米棒复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用简单的水热法制得CdS纳米棒,采用溶剂热法制得g-C_3N_4/CdS纳米棒复合光催化剂(1),其结构和性能经SEM,XRD和UV-Vis(DRS)表征。探究了1在可见光作用下光催化降解模拟有机污染物甲基橙的性能。结果表明:在可见光作用下,与纯CdS纳米棒光催化剂比较,1的催化活性明显提高,稳定性显著增强。     

Coordinatively induced length control and photoluminescence of W18O49 nanorods

A coordinatively induced length control of W18O49 nanorods has been developed using thermal decomposition of W(CO)6 in octyl ether solutions of single or mixed capping agents, oleic acid (OA), oleic acid/hexadecylamine (HDA), and oleic acid/trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The order of length for nanorods synthesized with different capping agents was OA > OA/HDA > OA/TOPO, which was the opposite of order of their coordinating power. The order of crystalline size (diameter x length) from the TEM image was OA/HDA > OA > OA/TOPO and matched exactly with the order of crystallinity from the XRD pattern. The order of photoluminescence intensity was OA/HDA < OA < OA/TOPO and was the opposite of the order for the crystalline size or crystallinity. The strong coordinating power and steric bulkiness of TOPO is thought to interrupt the growth of the nanorods, the rearrangement of the end face atoms, and the fusion of the lateral faces and, thereby, increase the oxygen defects and the photoluminescence intensity.