缝管增强火焰原子吸收分析灵敏度的研究—铅的测定

近年来,人们为了提高火焰原子吸收光谱分析的灵敏度,采用了一些新技术.Watling首先提出使用开缝石英管提高火焰原子吸收法测定某些元素的分析灵敏度和准确度。之后,缝式石英管火焰原子吸收技术在实际工作中得到了应用和发展.最近,刘永铭等考察了管性能的影响,指出该技术的可行性。一般认为缝管火焰原子吸收法提     

在线流动注射螯合树脂预富集石英缝管增敏火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量铅

应用高效的在线流动注射螯合树脂预富集石英缝管增敏火焰原子吸收系统直接测定水呈痕量铅。实验用内装２００ｍｇＡｍｂｅｒｌｉｔｅＸＡＤ－４键合的５－磺酸－８羟基喹啉螯合树脂的锥形柱,在ＰＨ９条件下样品流速为８．０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,９０ｓ采样,用０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈｃｌ洗脱,在分析速度为３０样／ｈ,获得３６倍的富集,经石英缝管增敏,灵敏度提高达１１５倍,线性范围为０－２００μｇ／Ｌ,检出限为１μｇ／Ｌ。铅含量水平５０μｇ／Ｌ的水样连续测定１１次的相对标准偏差２．５％,可直接测定水体中μｇ／Ｌ级的铅。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中痕量铅

样品经硝酸和高氯酸分解后，加入磷酸二氢铵作基体改进剂测定铅，方法快捷，准确，经济，精密度≤14％，回收率92％～104％，检出限0．4ng／mL，用于多种食品中铅的测定，结果令人满意。     

碘化钾―甲基异丁基甲酮萃取―火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的痕量铅

土壤样品经微波消解,在优化的条件下,用碘化钾―甲基异丁基甲酮萃取,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中的铅。结果表明,在盐酸质量分数为1%～2%,萃取时间为2 min,平衡时间为15 min,样品中的铅能被定量萃取。方法检出限为0.1 mg/kg。方法用于土壤标准样品测定,测定值与标准值相符,相对标准偏差为1.2%～1.4%,相对误差为0.8%～2.5%。实际土壤样品的测定结果显示,回收率为99.8%～100.4%。     

萃取火焰原子吸收法测定食品中铅

采用干经处理样品,ＡＰＤＣ－ＭＩＢＫ萃取,同时考察了萃取条件对测定的影响,结果令人满意。铅的平均回收率为９８．７％,相对标准偏差为４．４％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定碳酸钙试剂中痕量铅

分离和富集是痕量分析中的一个重要手段,以巯基为功能基团的巯基棉、巯基树脂等分离富集剂近十多年得到广泛应用,本文则根据巯基能定量吸附某些重金属离子而大量碱金屑、碱土金属离子不干扰其吸附的特点,采用近几年发展起来的巯基-活性炭新型富集剂(以下简称富集剂)为分离富集技术,建立了大量钙中痕量铅的测定方法,并测定了碳酸钙试剂中的痕量铅,其结果的准确度和精密度令人满意。     

硝酸铋共沉淀—火焰原子吸收法测定蒸馏酒中痕量铅

蒸馏酒中铅的测定方法,常用消化样品-双硫腙比色法或稀释样品-火焰原子吸收光度法。前者操作复杂,重现性差,且用剧毒药品氰化钾。后者灵敏度不高,不能测定含铅量低的酒样。本文报道了用硝酸铋作共沉淀剂分离富集、火焰原子吸收光度法测定蒸馏酒中痕量铅的方法。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高(95％置信度的检出限为0.005mg·L~(-1)),线性范围宽,基体没有干扰。相对标准偏差为2.2％～4.5％。回收率为100.2％～103.2％。对样品进行测定,结果与双硫腙比色法一致。     

螯合树脂在线富集火焰原子吸收法测定痕量铅和镉

在pH=4.88的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,用螯合离子交换树脂富集铅和镉,以1.50mol/L HNO3作洗脱液,火焰原子吸收法测定洗脱液中痕量铅和镉。该方法对铅和镉的线性范围分别是4.0～80.0μg/L和2.0～30.0μg/L,检出限分别为1.3μg/L和0.7μg/L。该方法用于地表水中痕量铅和镉的测定,分析结果满意。     

Determination of Bismuth in Bottled and Mineral Water Samples at Trace Levels by T-Shaped Slotted Quartz tube-Atom Trap-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

An accurate and reliable analytical method for the determination of bismuth at trace levels in bottled and mineral water samples has been developed based on hydrogen assisted T-shape slotted quartz tube-atom trap-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (T-SQT-AT-FAAS). Conventional FAAS is not sufficiently sensitive to measure trace and ultra-trace levels of metals due to the low nebulization efficiency and short residence time of atoms in the light path. To overcome this problem, atom trapping with a T-shaped slotted quartz tube was coupled to the FAAS system. Bismuth atoms were trapped on the surface of T-SQT and released by hydrogen gas, which provided a reducing environment. All of the system parameters such as flame type, hydrogen flow rate, the height of T-SQT from the burner head, and trapping period were optimized to enhance the analytical signal to attain low detection limits. After obtaining the optimum conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the developed method were found to be 0.95 and 3.2?µg L^?1, respectively. Recovery values were obtained between 90% and 104% that showed good accuracy and applicability of the proposed method to the analysis of bottled and mineral water samples.     

Gas-Screen Slotted Quartz Tube Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: A Remedy for Reducing Interference Effects of Calcium and Chromium

A simple device for the reduction of nonspectral interferences in flame atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed. It has been reported that the use of a gas screen (GS) system together with a slotted quartz tube (SQT) enhances the residence time of analyte atoms in measurement zone even more than the SQT alone. This combination causes enhancement of sensitivity and improves the reproducibility of absorbance measurements. In addition, it protects the optical windows of the atomic absorption spectrometer. The operational mechanism of gas screen is simply applying two argon gas walls at both ends of SQT to provide an environment that is partly protected from air. This action enhances the sensitivity of measurement.

In this study, interference effects of excess amounts of calcium and chromium on the measurements of Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn were studied using flame AAS. The presence of both Ca and Cr cause higher absorbance values; it is suggested that this is due to formation of oxide species of Ca and Cr and as a result analyte oxide production is suppressed. Therefore, analyte free atom population and sensitivity are enhanced. This enhancement results in a positive error in measurements. For instance, presence of solely 8.0 mg L^?1 of Cr or Ca for Pb as the analyte enhances the signals by 75% and 56%, respectively. When SQT or GS-SQT is used, this effect is significantly reduced.     

铂丝富集-火焰原子吸收光谱检测皮蛋中痕量铅

一种运用火焰原子吸收测定皮蛋中铅含量的灵敏方法,它是通过用APDC-聚苯乙烯的化学方法修饰铂丝基质来实现的.预浓缩铅溶液后,将修饰的铂丝基质,放置在火焰燃烧器上,以便直接雾化并测定,在溶液中铅的浓度为5～500ng/mL范围内一般呈线性,检测的极限是0.65 ng/mL,这种方法既灵敏又方便.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜原尾矿中的铅

铜原尾矿中硅含量较高,针对这一特性,提出了试样采用饱和氟化氢铵、盐酸、硝酸溶解,在硝酸(5%)介质中,于原子吸收光谱仪上,使用空气-乙炔火焰进行铅的测定,建立了铜原尾矿中铅的测定方法。研究结果表明铅的质量浓度在0.5~3μg/mL范围内与吸光度A有良好的线性关系,方法的相对标准偏差0.92%~2.4%,加标回收率96.0%~106.0%,方法以3倍的空白溶液11次测定值的标准偏差作为检出限,检出限为0.08μg/mL,方法准确、可靠。     

流动注射萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定硫酸镍电解液中微量铅

本文采用流动注射在线萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定硫酸电解液中微量铅，考察了水相介质，共存离子，萃取装置，相比等因素的影响。分析含铅１．４ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．１６ｍｇ／Ｌ的试样，分析值的相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１０）分别为３．９％和１２．３％，方法检出限为０．０２４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中铅含量的不确定度评定

通过采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中铅的不确定度各项来源和评定方法的分析,建立一种分析实验室不确定度的评定方法,使实验结果更有客观性和准确性.     

缝管原子捕集方法研究

试验了各种条件对Ｂｉ、Ｇａ、Ｓｂ灵敏度影响。结果表明，分别用不同的火焰条件进行原子捕杀与放可获得最佳灵敏度。捕集１ｍｉｎ，测得Ｂｉ、Ｇａ、Ｓｂ的特征浓度依次为３．５×１０－３、１．６×１０－３、１．８×１０－３μｇ·ｍｌ－１，它比常规火焰原子吸收光谱法的灵敏度分别提高２５４、１３１、２３９倍。Ｂｉ、Ｇａ、Ｓｂ的变异系数各为２．９、３．５、４．７％。本法测定了纯锡中微量Ｂｉ、Ｓｂ。