Commuting elements and spaces of homomorphisms

This article records basic topological, as well as homological properties of the space of homomorphisms Hom(π,G) where π is a finitely generated discrete group, and G is a Lie group, possibly non-compact. If π is a free abelian group of rank equal to n, then Hom(π, G) is the space of ordered n–tuples of commuting elements in G. If G = SU(2), a complete calculation of the cohomology of these spaces is given for n = 2, 3. An explicit stable splitting of these spaces is also obtained, as a special case of a more general splitting. Alejandro Adem was partially supported by the NSF and NSERC. Frederick R. Cohen was partially supported by the NSF, grant number 0340575.     

Lattice homomorphisms between Sobolev spaces

We show in Theorem 4.4 that every vector lattice homomorphism T from \({\mathsf{W}^{1,p}_0(\Omega_1)}\) into \({\mathsf{W}^{1,q}(\Omega_2)}\) for \({p,q\in (1,\infty)}\) and open sets \({\Omega_1,\Omega_2\subset\mathbb{R}^N}\) has a representation of the form \({T\mathsf{u}=(\mathsf{u}\circ\xi)g}\) (Cap _q -quasi everywhere on Ω₂) with mappings ξ : Ω₂ → Ω₁ and g : Ω₂ → [0, ∞). This representation follows as an application of an abstract and more general representation theorem (Theorem 3.5). Other applications are also given.     

Operators in pre-Riesz spaces: moduli and homomorphisms

We focus on two topics that are related to moduli of elements in partially ordered vector spaces. First, we relate operators that preserve moduli to generalized notions of lattice homomorphisms, such as Riesz homomorphisms, Riesz* homomorphisms, and positive disjointness preserving operators. We also consider complete Riesz homomorphisms, which generalize order continuous lattice homomorphisms. Second, we characterize elements with a modulus by means of disjoint elements and apply this result to obtain moduli of functionals and operators in various settings. On spaces of continuous functions, we identify those differences of Riesz* homomorphisms that have a modulus. Many of our results for pre-Riesz spaces of continuous functions lead to results on order unit spaces, where the functional representation is used.

     

On covered prime elements and complete homomorphisms of frames

Abstract

It is a standard fact that the right adjoints h_* of general frame homomor- phisms h : L → M send prime elements to prime elements. Unlike this, the preservation of covered prime elements by complete frame homomorphism is a special fact. Indeed, if L is totally ordered this happens (for arbitrary M) if and only if L is well-ordered. On the other hand, if M is both a frame and a co-frame there is no restriction on L.

This work was motivated by the fact that, in an earlier paper, we erroneously claimed h_* preserves covered primeness for any complete frame homomorphism h.     

Riesz* homomorphisms on pre-Riesz spaces consisting of continuous functions

In the theory of operators on a Riesz space (vector lattice), an important result states that the Riesz homomorphisms (lattice homomorphisms) on C(X) are exactly the weighted composition operators. We extend this result to Riesz* homomorphisms on order dense subspaces of C(X). On those subspace we consider and compare various classes of operators that extend the notion of a Riesz homomorphism. Furthermore, using the weighted composition structure of Riesz* homomorphisms we obtain several results concerning bijective Riesz* homomorphisms. In particular, we characterize the automorphism group for order dense subspaces of C(X). Lastly, we develop a similar theory for Riesz* homomorphisms on subspace of \(C_0(X)\), for a locally compact Hausdorff space X, and apply it to smooth manifolds and Sobolev spaces.     

Complete orthogonal decomposition homomorphisms between matrix ordered Hilbert spaces

The purpose of this paper is to show that a complete order homomorphism and a complete orthogonal decomposition homomorphism between the non-commutative -spaces induce respectively an isomorphism and a -isomorphism between the associated reduced von Neumann algebras.

     

Commuting traces of multilinear maps on invertible elements

Let R be a unital simple ring. Under some technical restrictions, we characterize m-linear mappings G:R^m→R satisfying [G(u,…,u),u]?=?0 for all unit u∈R.     

Commuting elements in a conjugacy class of finite groups

We presentmethods for verification of the following conjecture: A nonidentity conjugacy class in a finite simple group contains two commuting elements. By way of illustration, we consider sporadic groups, the projective group L_n(q) and the alternating group A_n.     

Superrigidity for homomorphisms into isometry groups of CAT(−1) spaces

CAT(–1) spaces are generalizations of manifolds with negative curvature. In this paper, we prove three types of rigidity results related to CAT(–1) spaces, namely the rigidity of the isometric actions on CAT(–1) spaces under the commensurability subgroups, the higher rank lattices and certain ergodic cocycles. The main idea for our approach relies on a study of the boundary theory we established for the general CAT(–1) spaces.     

Nonlinear generalized sections and vector bundle homomorphisms in Colombeau spaces of generalized functions

We define and characterize spaces of manifold‐valued generalized functions and generalized vector bundle homomorphisms in the setting of the full diffeomorphism‐invariant vector‐valued Colombeau algebra. Furthermore, we establish point value characterizations for these spaces.     

Independence and graph homomorphisms graph homomorphisms

A graph with n vertices that contains no triangle and no 5-cycle and minimum degree exceeding n/4 contains an independent set with at least (3n)/7 vertices. This is best possible. The proof proceeds by producing a homomorphism to the 7-cycle and invoking the No Homomorphism Lemma. For k ≥ 4, a graph with n vertices, odd girth 2k+1, and minimum degree exceeding n/(k+1) contains an independent set with at least kn/(2k+1) vertices; however, we suspect this is not best possible. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Commuting relations for Hausdorff operators and Hilbert transforms on real Hardy spaces

We consider Hausdorff operators generated by a function ϕ integrable in Lebesgue"s sense on either R or R ², and acting on the real Hardy space H ¹(R), or the product Hardy space H ¹¹(R×R), or one of the hybrid Hardy spaces H ¹⁰(R ²) and H ⁰¹(R ²), respectively. We give a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of ϕ that the Hausdorff operator generated by it commutes with the corresponding Hilbert transform. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Commuting dual Toeplitz operators on weighted Bergman spaces of the unit ball

In this paper, we study the commutativity of dual Toeplitz operators on weighted Bergman spaces of the unit ball. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the commutativity, essential commutativity and essential semi-commutativity of dual Toeplitz operator on the weighted Bergman spaces of the unit ball.     

Random elements in Orlicz spaces

We give sufficient conditions for random elements of L₁(T, , ) to belong to L(T, Ol,) the Orlicz space.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 158, pp. 127–132, 1987.     

Factorization of mappings of topological spaces and homomorphisms of topological groups in accordance with weight and dimension ind

Symbols w(X), nw(X), and hl(X) denote the weight, the network weight, and the hereditary Lindelöf number of a space X, respectively. We prove the following factorization theorems.

1. Let X and Y be Tychonoff spaces, φ: X→Y a continuous mapping, hl(X)≤τ, and w(Y)≤τ. Then there exist a Tychonoff space Z and continuous mappings ψ: X→Z, χ: Z→Y such that φ=χ o ψ, Z=ψ(X), w(Z)≤τ andind Z≤ind X. Moreover, if nw(X)≤τ, then mapping ψ is one-to-one.
2. Let π: G→H be a continuous homomorphism of a Hausdorff topological group G to a Hausdorff topological group H, hl(G)≤τ and w(H)≤τ. Then there are a Hausdorff topological group G^* and continuous homomorphisms g: G→G^*, h: G^*→H so that π=h o g, G^*=g(G), w(G^*)≤τ andind G^*≤ind G. If nw(G)≤τ, then g is one-to-one.
3. For every continuous mapping φ: X→Y of a regular Lindelöf space X to a Tychonoff space Y one can find a Tychonoff space Z and continuous mappings ψ: X→Z, χ: Z→Y such that φ=χ o ψ, Z=ψ(X), w(Z)≤w(Y),dim Z≤dim X, andind ₀ Z≤ind ₀ X, whereind ₀ is the dimension function defined by V.V.Filippov with the help of G_δ-partitions. If we additionally suppose that X has a countable network, then ψ can be chosen to be one-to-one. The analogous result also holds for topological groups.
4. For each continuous homomorphism π: G→H of a Hausdorff Lindelöf Σ-group G (in particular, of a σ-compact group G) to a Hausdorff group H there exist a Hausdorff group G^* and continuous homomorphisms g: G→G^*, h:G^*→H so that π=h o g, G^*=g(G), w(G^*)≤w(H),dimG^*≤dimG, andind G^*≤ind G. Bibliography: 25 titles.

     

Maximal elements in topological and generalized metric spaces

In this note, some problems concerning existence of maximal elements in a topological as well as in a generalized metric space, equipped with an ordering, are studied. The results presented here may be considered as a partial refinement of those established in [2] for uniform structures.