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1.
Hajo Idriss Isam Salih A. K. Sam 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,290(2):333-338
This study was conducted primarily to measure and map radon activity concentration in wells within water supply network of
Khartoum State. Ground water samples were collected before and after autumn and analysed using low level γ-spectrometry equipped
with HPGe-detector. Radon activity concentration was found in the range of 1.58–345.10 Bq/L with an average value of 59.20 ± 6.60 Bq/L.
Upon comparing the radon concentration values obtained with EPA it was found they were far below the maximum contaminant level
of EPA with the exception five samples. Physicochemical water parameters were measured and no correlation was noted between
radon concentration and these parameters. The overall annual effective dose for adults due to radon ingestion is less than
WHO recommended reference dose level for most except 14 samples. 相似文献
2.
L. Popov G. Mihailova I. Hristova P. Dimitrova R. Tzibranski V. Avramov I. Naidenov B. Stoenelova 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,279(1):49-64
The method for the determination of 90Sr which employs sodium hydroxide for the separation of strontium from calcium was further improved introducing the use of
elevated temperatures. The results from 11-year study of background activity concentrations of 90Sr in different environmental objects in 100 km zone around Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant (Bulgaria) are presented as an application
of the analytical method. The measured mean values are as follows: air precipitation − 0.0015±0.0009 Bq(m2.d), tap water − 0.0017±0.0012 Bq/L, soil − 1.90±1.26 Bq/kg, grass − 1.54±0.80 Bq/kg, milk − 0.023±0.012 Bq/L and for the Danube
river: water − 0.0046±0.0026 Bq/L, bottom sediments − 0.64±0.60 Bq/kg, algae − 1.99±1.56 Bq/kg. The calculated transfer coefficients
(soil-grass) are in the range of 0.33–0.84. Between 2 and 5 times reduction in actual background activities of 90Sr is observed compared to 1972–1974. 相似文献
3.
L. Popov G. Mihailova I. Naidenov 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,285(2):223-237
The origins of different artificial radionuclides found in soils from Northern and Southern Bulgaria was determined by measurements
of their actual concentrations and respective ratios. On the basis of the measured mobility and concentrations of the investigated
radionuclides in soils, it was estimated that after the Chernobyl accident the mean depositions of fresh 137Cs were 3.0 ± 2.5 kBq/m2 for Northern Bulgaria and 15 ± 7 kBq/m2 for Southern Bulgaria. As a result of global fallout following atmospheric nuclear weapon tests in the 1950s, mean depositions
(corrected to 1965) were calculated for Northern and Southern Bulgaria as follows: for 90Sr—1.0 ± 0.5 and 2.3 ± 1.3 kBq/m2, 238Pu—1.3 ± 0.8 and 2.8 ± 1.6 Bq/m2, 239+240Pu—15 ± 14 and 47 ± 38 Bq/m2, and 241Pu—520 ± 200 and 760 ± 260 Bq/m2. 相似文献
4.
Zack Varve Edward P. C. Lai Chunsheng Li Baki B. Sadi Gary H. Kramer 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,292(3):1411-1415
A rapid bioassay for 90Sr was developed involving preconcentration of 90Sr/90Y from human urine samples with a cation exchange polymer (poly–acrylamido–methyl–propanesulfonic acid) coated onto magnetic
nanoparticles, followed by selective elution of 90Sr (over 90Y) with phosphate for determination by liquid scintillation analysis. The minimum detectable activity for this method (4.9 ± 0.5 Bq/L)
is lower than the required sensitivity of 19 Bq/L for 90Sr in human urine samples, as defined in the requirements for radiation emergency bioassay techniques for the public and first
responders based on the dose threshold for possible medical attention recommended by the International Commission on Radiological
Protection. The relative bias was 9.2%, the relative precision was 3.2%, and the linear dynamic range covered 12–600 Bq/L.
This simple and rapid bioassay method is found to be in compliance with the HPS ANSI N13.30 performance criteria for radiobioassay. 相似文献
5.
Mei-Wo Yii Zal U’yun Wan Mahmood 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,289(3):819-833
This study with sampling expeditions of marine sediment, seawater and biota were performed at 30 stations within Malaysian
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). A total of >400 samples were collected to determine the activity concentration of anthropogenic
radionuclides (239+240Pu, 137Cs) and their activity ratio (239+240Pu/137Cs) in sediments, seawater and biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration levels for these radionuclides
and to evaluate any occurrence of radioactive contamination. Sediment cores were obtained using multicorer device, while water
samples via co-precipitation techniques and biota was purchased from local fishermen. The activity concentrations of 239+240Pu in sediment, seawater and biota were ranged 0.21–0.45 Bq/kg dry wt., 2.33–7.95 mBq/m3 and <0.008 Bq/kg fresh wt., respectively. Meanwhile, the values of 137Cs were ranged <1.00–2.71 Bq/kg dry wt. in sediment, 3.40–5.89 Bq/m3 in seawater and <0.05–0.41 Bq/kg fresh wt. in biota, respectively. Activity ratios of 239+240Pu to 137Cs obtained seem to confirm that these artificial radioactivities were mainly due to global nuclear fallout. 相似文献
6.
Wu Men Fenfen Wang Guangshan Liu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(1):189-195
The activities of 224Ra in the East China Sea (ECS) were measured by the Mn-fiber adsorption—emanation method. The horizontal and vertical distributions
of 224Ra in the ECS in summer and winter were studied. The ranges of 224Ra activities were < lowest limit of detection (LLD)–5.88 Bq/m3 in summer with an average of 0.85 Bq/m3, and < LLD-7.50 Bq/m3 in winter with an average of 0.72 Bq/m3. And the distributions of 224Ra in the surface water were similar in these two seasons, decreasing rapidly with the increasing distance from the coast.
The high 224Ra area was located within 30–100 km offshore and the lowest activities appeared in the Kuroshio Current. The vertical distributions
of 224Ra showed two different characteristics. The horizontal and vertical eddy diffusion coefficients calculated by the one-dimensional
state model of 224Ra were (7.1–88.9) × 106cm2/s and 2.18–163 cm2/s, respectively. The upwelling rates off Zhejiang Province were calculated from 224Ra vertical distribution, which varied from 8.4 × 10−3cm/s to 13.3 × 10−3cm/s in summer and 16.3 × 10−3cm/s to 16.8 × 10−3cm/s in winter. 相似文献
7.
Heung N. Lee S. W. Kim M. G. Hur S. D. Yang W. H. Kim K. Y. Jee 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,287(2):617-620
3H and 14C Measurements of the dry active waste (DAW), such as the cotton, paper, and vinyl, generated from a nuclear power plant (NPP)
were conducted with wet oxidation using open vessel equipment based on simulation results. The recovery efficiency with the
simulated samples was around 93% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1–3%. A liquid scintillation counter (LSC) was
used for counting and adjusted to a quenching correction curve. The counting value was evaluated for the minimum detectable
activity (MDA), which was found to be about 4 × 10−1 Bq/g for 3H and 2 × 10−2 for 14C when approximately 5 g of the samples were measured. The measured DAW samples for the cotton, paper, and vinyl generated
from NPP achieved of RSD values of 25, 25, and 60%, respectively, for 3H and 0–50% for 14C. 相似文献
8.
R. K. Singhal Manisha Venkatesh H. Basu U. Narayanan A. V. R. Reddy T. Mukherjee 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,285(2):353-358
Mobilisation of alpha emitting radionuclides from silicious base sample is one the challenging task for environmental radiochemist.
During this study, rapid and complete dissolution of the siliceous base samples were carried out by optimizing temperature,
pressure and power of the microwaves. The Pu-239+240 in digested samples was pre-concentrated by scavenging Fe as Fe(OH)3. Pu-239+240 was isolated from the Fe(OH)3 by co-precipitating Pu with Bi(PO4) in HNO3 medium at pH 2. Pu-239+240 was separated from Bi(PO4) and other transuranics by passing through cation and anion exchange resin. Pu-239+240 was counted by alpha spectrometry
after electroplating on stainless steel planchet. The detection limits achieved for Pu-239+240 was 60 μBq/g (2.6 × 10−14 g/g). Pu-242 was used as a tracer for the evaluation of recovery of Pu-239+240. Samples prepared after complete destruction
of matrix in microwave, showed 10–20% higher concentration of Pu-239+240 compared to conventional acid leached. Consistent
recovery in the range of 97–99% for Pu-242 were observed in microwave digested samples whereas inconsistent results were observed
in acid leached samples where the recoveries were in the range of 75–86%. Siliceous matrix degradation was tracked by monitoring
the surface morphology and composition of the residue left at various stages of digestion using Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM) coupled with Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). 相似文献
9.
Primal D’Cunha P. Sathyanarayana Bhat Y. Narayana 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,290(1):171-174
The paper presents systematic studies on the vertical profiles of 210Po, an important decay product of 238U, in soils along coastal Kerala. Soil samples collected from different depth intervals 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm were analyzed
for 210Po activity concentration by radiochemical methods. The activity 210Po in soil samples were counted using a ZnS(Ag) alpha scintillation counting system. The mean values of activity concentrations
of 210Po in soil of various depths were found to be 8.66, 5.63 and 4.95 Bq kg−1 for depth intervals of 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm, respectively. The overall activity concentration of 210Po in soil was found to vary from 2.26 ± 0.19 to 14.02 ± 0.12 Bq kg−1 with a mean value of 6.43 Bq kg−1. Maximum activity concentration was found in soil samples of Kollam region with the mean value of 10.08 ± 0.92 Bq kg−1. The activity of 210Po was found to be comparatively high in surface soil. The variation of 210Po activity concentration with organic matter contents was studied. 210Polonium activity concentration was found to increase with increasing organic matter content. 相似文献
10.
H. Faghihian D. Rahi M. Mostajaboddavati 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,292(2):711-717
In this study the concentration of natural radionuclides has been investigated in soil and water of Karun river by using a
high resolution (HPGe detector, n-type) γ-spectrometry. The concentrations range in water sample was 47.6 ± 5.6–130.8 ± 6.3,
0.0–23.4 ± 0.5 and 0–6.4 ± 2.0 Bq L−1 for 40K, 232Th and 226Ra respectively. For soil samples the concentration range of 275.7 ± 8.6–458.6 ± 6.8, 19.2 ± 5.35–41.1 ± 3.95 and 29.9 ± 1.53–50 ± 1.54 Bq kg−1 was obtained respectively for 40K, 232Th and 238U. 137Cs was also detected in some part of the region in soil samples. The mean concentration of 137Cs was 5.5 ± 0.6 Bq kg−1. The origin of this activity is unknown. The average absorbed dose rate in outdoor air at a height of 1 m above the ground
was found to be 54.3 ± 3.7 nGy h−1. The results of this study indicate that the area has standard background radiation level. 相似文献
11.
Özlem Selçuk Zorer Tekin Şahan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(2):417-421
Gross α and gross β activities and 238U concentrations were determined in 18 surface water samples collected from Van Lake. The instrumentations used to count the
gross α and gross β activities and to determine the 238U concentrations were α/β counter of the multi-detector low background system (PIC-MPC-9604) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectrometry (Thermo Scientific Element 2), respectively. Concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.021 Bq L−1 and from 0.111 to 2.794 Bq L−1 were observed for the gross α and β activities in surface waters, respectively. For all samples the gross β activities were
higher than the corresponding gross α activities. The results indicated that the gross α radioactive contamination in water
samples was lower than recommended values for the guideline of drinking waters and most of the gross β activities in water
samples were higher than those in the same procedure. The 238U concentrations ranged from 74.49 to 113.2 μg L−1 in surface waters. The obtained results have showed that 238U concentrations are higher than guideline values for uranium. 相似文献
12.
Xue Z Rehkämper M Schönbächler M Statham PJ Coles BJ 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2012,402(2):883-893
Previous studies have revealed considerable Cd isotope fractionations in seawater, which can be used to study the marine cycling
of this micronutrient element. The low Cd concentrations that are commonly encountered in nutrient-depleted surface seawater,
however, pose a particular challenge for precise Cd stable isotope analyses. In this study, we have developed a new procedure
for Cd isotope analyses of seawater, which is suitable for samples as large as 20 L and Cd concentrations as low as 1 pmol/L.
The procedure involves the use of a 111Cd–113Cd double spike, co-precipitation of Cd from seawater using Al(OH)3, and subsequent Cd purification by column chromatography. To save time, seawater samples with higher Cd contents can be processed
without co-precipitation. The Cd isotope analyses are carried out by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
(MC-ICP-MS). The performance of this technique was verified by analyzing multiple aliquots of a large seawater sample that
was collected from the English Channel, the SAFe D1 seawater reference material, and several samples from the GEOTRACES Atlantic
intercalibration exercise. The overall Cd yield of the procedure is consistently better than 85% and the methodology can routinely
provide ε
114/110Cd data with a precision of about ±0.5 ε (2sd, standard deviation) when at least 20–30 ng of natural Cd is available for analysis. However, even seawater samples
with Cd contents of only 1–3 ng can be analyzed with a reproducibility of about ±3 to ±5 ε. A number of experiments were furthermore conducted to verify that the isotopic results are accurate to within the quoted
uncertainty. 相似文献
13.
M. Hadžišehović D. Spasova A. Milojević K. Buraei M. Župancić V. Urosević M. Ristić S. Pongrac 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1982,74(1-2):239-248
The investigated water samples were collected from rivers, underground waters and precipitations at different locations near
Belgrade during the period 1976–1979. By preconcentration and scintillation counting, the individually and monthly collected
samples were analyzed for3H contents. It has been found that the3H-concentration in monthly river water samples (Danube, Sava, Tisa) varies from 39 to 196 TU with a maximum in summer, between
0–192 TU in the underground water depending on the sampling depth and distance from river Sava and Danube, while values of
26 to 153 TU have been detected in the monthly precipitation samples attaining a maximum during the break-through of arctic
and polar continental air masses. The results were used to calculate the3H quantity deposited per m2 (Bq/m2) of surface, due to precipitations and the flow per second (Bq/s) in the investigated locations in rivers. The interrelation
between rivers, underground waters and precipitations is discussed. The3H-distributions obtained are correlated with the water level in rivers and with the precipitation quantities and are interpreted
in light of the relevant meteorological parameters and other related phenomena. 相似文献
14.
《印度化学会志》2023,100(1):100856
The present work aims to measure and estimate radioactivity and hazardous radiation indices of the soil. Soil samples were collected from various locations in the Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh, India. The measurement of specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radionuclides is carried out with the help of HP-Ge based gamma spectrometer system. Activity concentration of radionuclides in the samples 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 20 ± 2 to 91 ± 2 Bq.kg-1, 45 ± 3 to 365 ± 3 Bq.kg-1, and 400 ± 9 to 607 ± 8 Bq.kg-1, and the respective mean values are 53.36 Bq.kg-1, 203.74 Bq.kg-1 and 479.19 Bq.kg-1. The measured mean value of the absorbed dose rate is 171.41 nGy.h-1, which was beyond the worldwide mean outdoor value of 60 nGy.h-1. Thus, the annual effective dose estimated from the above value is 1.04 mSv.y-1. The correlation was done among the measured 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations. The estimated radium equivalent dose is 381.60Bq.kg-1. The estimated health hazard index and annual effective dose rates of dwellers of Visakhapatnam were studied and compared to Indian average values. The study will help to generate the baseline data for assessing hazard indices to the public and geological mapping of natural radiation in India. 相似文献
15.
N. Paunescu M. Cotarlea D. Galeriu R. Margineanu N. Mocanu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1999,239(3):465-470
In Romaia, CANDU Nuclear Power Plant with five reactors of 600 MWe is under construction at Cernavoda town and in 1996 the
first reactor was put in operation. The background level of tritium concentration was determined in preoperational stage.
The mean values determined are: (7.4±5.5) Bq/l in air humidity, 3.1±1.0) Bq/l in water, (3.5±0.7) Bq/l in tissue water from
vegetable and (4.9±1.7) Bq/l in tissue water from cereals. The transfer parameters for deposition from atmosphere on forage
and crops (P14), and the contamination of land and vegetation by spray irrigation water, (P24) were evaluated at (29–49) and (0.90±0.27), respectively. 相似文献
16.
Deb Argha Gazi Mahasin Bhoumik Gopa Naskar Arindam Barman Chiranjib 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,311(1):375-384
Air radon survey was carried out at different underground locations at Kolkata using radon monitor. Average radon concentration for basements was found to be 22.70 ± 1.12 Bq/m3 with maximum 59.00 ± 7.18 Bq/m3 and minimum 8.50 ± 3.14 Bq/m3. Average level for sub-ways was 23.05 ± 2.59 Bq/m3 fluctuating between maximum 39.00 ± 1.24 Bq/m3 and minimum 13.50 ± 1.78 Bq/m3. In comparison, open air background at basement entrance was 19.44 ± 1.06 Bq/m3 and subway entrance was 18.58 ± 1.14 Bq/m3. Annual effective dose was calculated to assess probable health risk. Radon concentration level and annual effective dose were found well below safe levels recommended by International Agencies WHO and UNSCEAR.
相似文献17.
P. Vesterbacka S. Klemola K. Salahel-Din M. Saman 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,281(3):441-448
An intercomparison of the methodology (alpha, beta and gamma spectrometry) used for 238U, 235U and 210Pb determination was carried out based on 38 sediment samples. The activity range of the samples varied from 10–700 Bq/kg
for 210Pb, 1–35 Bq/kg for 235U and 10–800 Bq/kg for 238U. Results obtained using the three methods were not statistically different at high activity levels, but agreement between
the results decreased at lower sample activity levels. For 210Pb, the smallest difference was found between alpha and gamma spectrometry. A good correlation between results from alpha
and gamma spectrometry was observed over the whole activity range. In beta spectrometry, the results were slightly higher
than those obtained by alpha or gamma spectrometry due to the impurity of 228Ra. In 238U analysis, good correspondence was observed between 238U determined by gamma and alpha spectrometry, particularly at higher 238U activity concentrations over 100 Bq/kg. In 235U analysis, attention needs to be paid to interference from 226Ra and its reduction. 相似文献
18.
Minakata K Nozawa H Gonmori K Yamagishi I Suzuki M Hasegawa K Watanabe K Suzuki O 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,400(7):1945-1951
An electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS-MS) method has been developed for the determination of cyanide
(CN–) in blood. Five microliters of blood was hemolyzed with 50 μL of water, then 5 μL of 1 M tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution
was added to raise the pH of the hemolysate and to liberate CN– from methemoglobin. CN– was then reacted with NaAuCl4 to produce dicyanogold, Au(CN)2–, that was extracted with 75 μL of methyl isobutyl ketone. Ten microliters of the extract was injected directly into an ESI-MS-MS
instrument and quantification of CN– was performed by selected reaction monitoring of the product ion CN– at m/z 26, derived from the precursor ion Au(CN)2– at m/z 249. CN– could be measured in the quantification range of 2.60 to 260 μg/L with the limit of detection at 0.56 μg/L in blood. This
method was applied to the analysis of clinical samples and the concentrations of CN– in the blood were as follows: 7.13 ± 2.41 μg/L for six healthy non-smokers, 3.08 ± 1.12 μg/L for six CO gas victims, 730 ± 867 μg
for 21 house fire victims, and 3,030 ± 97 μg/L for a victim who ingested NaCN. The increase of CN– in the blood of a victim who ingested NaN3 was confirmed using MS-MS for the first time, and the concentrations of CN– in the blood, gastric content and urine were 78.5 ± 5.5, 11.8 ± 0.5, and 11.4 ± 0.8 μg/L, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Mei Wo Yii Zal U’yun Wan Mahmood Zaharudin Ahmad Nurrul Assyikeen Md. Jaffary Kamaruzaman Ishak 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,289(3):653-661
Study for distribution of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) i.e. 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) was carried out as part of the national marine environment
project. Sixteen marine sediment cores from selected locations within the EEZ were collected for determination of NORM activity
concentrations using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometer. From the measurement, the activity concentration of
226Ra, 228Ra and 40K is ranged from 16 ± 4 Bq/kg to 46 ± 6 Bq/kg (total mean 30), 28 ± 7 Bq/kg to 87 ± 11 Bq/kg (total mean 56) and 171 ± 33 Bq/kg
to 690 ± 89 Bq/kg (total mean 420), dry wt., respectively. The activity concentrations of radionuclides in most of the core
were quite uniform suggesting that there were thorough vertical mixed of sediment throughout the core. The results obtained
were also in good agreement with those previous reported from other countries in the region and therefore can be used to enhance
present radioactivity database. The calculated external hazard values were ranged from 0.25 to 0.51 with the mean of 0.38
(less than unity) showed little risk of external hazard to the workers handling the sediments and it was likely low level
of the mainland natural gamma-radiation in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. 相似文献
20.
Sofia Zaichick Vladimir Zaichick 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(1):197-202
The effect of age on chemical element contents in intact prostate of 64 apparently healthy 13–60 years old men was investigated
by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) for content
(mg/kg, dry weight basis) of chemical elements were: Br–31.6 ± 3.2, Ca–2150 ± 160, Cl–12670 ± 675, K–12010 ± 400, Mg–1150 ± 75,
Mn–1.56 ± 0.09, and Na–10520 ± 340, respectively. A tendency of age-related increase in Ca content and decrease in Mn content
was observed. 相似文献