Multielemental speciation of As, Se, Sb and Te by HPLC-ICP-MS

An anion exchange HPLC-ICP-MS procedure allowing the simultaneous multielemental speciation analysis of arsenic, selenium, antimony and tellurium has been developed. Four arsenic species (As^III, As^V, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid), two selenium species (Se^IV and Se^VI) may be determined in a single run as well as one antimony (Sb^V) and one tellurium species (Te^VI). Alternatively Sb and/or Te may be used as internal standards for As and Se speciation studies. Optimisation of ICP-MS conditions led to satisfactory relative (0.01 (Sb^V) to 1.8 (Se^VI) ng ml⁻¹) and absolute detection limits (1–180 pg). Reproducibility ranged from 3.1 to 5.6% and the linearity was verified in the 0–200 ng ml⁻¹ range.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定纯银中镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲

样品用硝酸溶解,加入过量盐酸沉淀分离银,过滤后利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲,方法检出限分别为:0.0028,0.0075,0.0036,0.011,0.010,0.021,0.0075,0.0039μg/mL;加标回收率为98.1%～114.3%;RSD小于4.2%,方法能同时准确测定镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲,满足日常分析要求。     

Analytical aspects of organo-P, As, Sb, S, Se, Te and Sn(IV) (onium) cations

Reactions and the analytical applications of tetraphenyl-phosphonium, -arsonium and -stibonium, triphenylmethylarsonium, triphenyl-sulphonium, -selenonium and -telluronium and triphenyltin cations with oxy-anions, and halo- and thiocyanato-anionic complexes are surveyed.     

ICP-AES法测定玻璃器皿中铅、镉、砷、锑溶出量的研究

采用ICP-AES法同时测定玻璃器皿中铅、镉、砷、锑的溶出量,对ICP-AES法测定4％乙酸浸泡液时分析线的选择和射频功率、载气压力的影响,以及基体和共存离子的干扰情况等进行了研究。4种元素的检出限分别为铅0．012mg／L,镉0．0009mg／L,砷0．015mg／L,锑O．015mg／L,加标回收率为97．3％～102．0％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．45％～1．36％（n=6）.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡、镍溶出量

金属饰品样品用硝酸(20+80)溶液浸泡过夜,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡和镍的溶出量。选择波长为216.9,228.8,267.7,194.2,206.8,189.0,196.0,455.4,216.6nm的9条谱线依次作为测定铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡和镍的分析线。铅、镉、铬、锑、砷、硒、钡和镍的质量浓度与其发射强度在10.0mg·L-1以内、汞在2.0mg·L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(3s)在0.002～0.05mg·L-1之间。方法用于金属饰品的分析,回收率在95.4%～103.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.68%～2.0%之间。     

Carius管密封溶样-等离子体质谱法测定环境样品中镓、锗、砷、硒、镉、锡、锑、碲、汞、铅和铋

利用Carius管密封溶样技术,建立了王水分解-等离子体质谱直接测定环境样品中Ga,Ge,As,Se,Cd,Sn,Sb,Te,Hg,Pb和Bi的分析方法。在190℃下加热分解样品,稀释后可直接进行元素的分析测定。仪器测量时,乙醇不仅对As,Se和Te的检测信号有较明显的增敏作用,而且对复合离子ArCl+的形成还有一定的抑制作用。实验发现,3%乙醇增敏效果最好,分析信号强度可提高2～4倍。基于样品流程空白,所得方法检出限(3σ,DF=1000)为0.001μg/g(Cd)～0.281μg/g(Pb)。本方法应用于一系列土壤和水系沉积物国家标准物质,所得分析结果与推荐值相吻合,方法精度(RSD,n=3)优于5%。     

端视ICP-AES法同时测定玩具涂料中可溶性铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡

采用端视电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定玩具涂料中可溶性铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡.对仪器的工作参数和被测元素的分析谱线进行了优化和选择.铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡的检出限分别为0.006、0.0009、0.012、0.023、0.000 8、0.013、0.030和0.0006 mg/L.定量下限分别为0.99、0.15、2.0、3.8、0.14、2.2、5.0和0.10 mg/kg.相对标准偏差为0.76%～2.72%(n=8),加标回收率为96.0%～104.0%.该法适用于玩具涂料中铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡的快速测定.     

Determination of As, Sb, Se, Te and Bi in milk by slurry sampling hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A simple and fast analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of As, Sb, Se, Te and Bi in milk samples by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). Samples were treated with aqua regia for 10 min in an ultrasound water bath and pre-reduced with KBr for total Se and Te determination or with KI and ascorbic acid for total As and Sb, the determination of Bi being possible in all with or without pre-reduction. Slurries of samples, in the presence of antifoam A, were treated with NaBH₄ in HCl medium to obtain the corresponding hydrides, and AFS measurements were processed in front of external calibrations prepared and measured in the same way as samples. Results obtained by the developed procedure compare well with those found after microwave-assisted complete digestion of samples. The proposed method is simple and fast, and only 1 ml of milk is needed. The values obtained for detection limit are 2.5, 1.6, 3, 6 and 7 ng l⁻¹ for As, Sb, Se, Te and Bi respectively in the diluted samples, with average relative standard deviation values of 3.8, 3.1, 1.9, 6.4 and 1.2% for three independent analysis of a series of commercially available samples of different origin. Data found in Spanish market samples varied from 3.2±0.3 to 11.3±0.2 ng g⁻¹ As, from 3.1±0.2 to 11.6±0.4 ng g⁻¹ Sb, from 10.7±0.5 to 25.5±0.4 ng g⁻¹ Se, from 0.9±0.2 to 9.4±0.6 ng g⁻¹ Te and from 11.5±0.1 to 27.7±0.4 ng g⁻¹ Bi.     

Thermoanalysis of quasi-ternary As2(S,Se, Te)3 semiconductor glasses

In comparison with other chalcogenide glassy systems, less attention has been paid to the quasi-ternary (quaternary) system As₂(S, Se, Te)₃. In this paper, thermal methods were used to characterize ten different quaternary homogenous semiconductor glasses that were prepared by mixing the stoichiometric binary systems As₂S₃, As₂Se₃ and As₂Te₃. The ratios of the constituent binaries in the quasi-ternary glasses exerted a great influence on their thermal spectrum. The samples poor in As₂Te₃ showed neither the exothermic nor the endothermic peak due to crystallízation (T _c) and melting (T _m), respectively, but only the glass transition (T _g). Three transition temperatures,T _g, T_c andT _m, were detected for other compositions. On the other hand, a phase separation was observed in the samples rich in As₂Te₃. A cyclic scanning technique was used to investigate the thermally-induced phases during two consecutive heat ing-cooling cycles covering the temperature rangeT _g?T_m. The energy of decompositionE _d decreased on increase of the ratio As₂S₃/As₂Se₃ (at constant As₂Te₃), whereas it increased on increase of the ratio As₂Te₃/As₂Se₃ (at constant As₂Se₃ or As₂S₃).     

蒸气发生–原子荧光法连续测定化探样品中微量砷、锑、铋、汞、硒、碲

建立了连续测定化探样品中微量砷、锑、铋、汞、硒、碲的原子荧光光谱法。研究了酸度、KBH4溶液浓度、基体改进剂等条件对荧光强度的影响。在优化的实验条件下,砷、锑、铋、汞、硒、碲的检出限分别为0.011,0.006,0.020,0.002 5,0.005,0.002 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.30%,4.64%,3.76%,5.46%,2.04%,3.41%(n=11),准确度大于98%。该方法简便,成本低,检测结果准确,检出限、准确度及精密度均能达到行业规范要求,可用于化探样品中微量元素测试。     

Determination of traces of As,Cd, Cr,Hg, Mn,Ni, Sb,Se, Sn and Pb in human hair by triple quadrupole ICP-MS

With the wide range of metallic contaminants discharged in the environment, studying the human health requires a growing number of elements to be monitored in biological samples. Hair analysis has been suggested as a suitable tool for biomonitoring environmental and occupational exposure to toxic elements. This study describes a method for the determination of 10 trace elements in hair samples using ICP-QQQ-MS. Combining the power of the MS/MS high-energy Helium mode with the MS/MS O₂ mass-shift mode, the method offers great analytical performances with detection limits reaching 0.0014 µg g^?1 for As, 0.0016 µg g^?1 for Cd, 0.012 µg g^?1 for Cr, 0.0035 µg g^?1 for Hg, 0.0055 µg g^?1 for Mn, 0.10 µg g^?1 for Ni, 0.0012 µg g^?1 for Sb, 0.0083 µg g^?1 for Sn, 0.011 µg g^?1 for Se and Pb. The accuracy of the method was tested on a human hair ERM® certified reference material. Percent recoveries varied from 91.3% and 106.9% being always in the acceptance range of 90–110%. For all analysed elements, RSD% of repeatability ranged between 0.6% and 9.0% and those of intermediate precision did not exceed the limit of 20% being always lower than 10% (except for As). The proposed method was applied for the determination of trace elements in hair samples from 20 unexposed subjects. The geometric mean levels were as follows: Cr 0.28 µg g^?1, Mn 0.30 µg g^?1, Sn 1.04µg g^?1, Sb 0.07 µg g^?1, Hg 0.42 µg g^?1, As 0.02 µg g^?1, Cd 0.03 µg g^?1, Ni 0.51 µg g^?1, Se 0.45 µg g^?1 and Pb 1.83 µg g^?1. Element concentrations were in the same range with the reported data. The reported results may be useful for environmental exposure assessment or comparisons studies when establishing reference values of trace elements in exposed population.     

Electrothermal vaporization-ICP-MS for the determination of metals in micro amounts of high-purity non-metals (P, As, Sb, S, Se, Te, I)

A thermal trace-matrix separation procedure has been developed for the determination of ultra-traces of metals in solid non-metals (P, As, Sb, S, Se, Te and I). These matrices are dissolved in high-purity hydrogen peroxide to form the corresponding acids. By applying a suitable temperature profile, coating the graphite tube with WC and using hydrogen as a gaseous modifier more than 90% of the matrix can be removed. Analyte recoveries are 90 to 105% with a standard deviation of 5 to 10%. Since the separation principle is not specific, non-metallic analytes show poor recoveries of 10 to 40% (20–100% RSD). Elements forming persistent carbides, such as refractory metals, require either HF or freon as an additional modifier. Separation of the matrix leads to higher sensitivities, fewer spectral and non-spectral interferences and to better precision. The graphite tube is only little contaminated and its lifetime is drastically increased. The improvements result in limits of detection in the lower pg/g-range in the solid non-metals. Furthermore, this method can be employed for amounts of sample around 1 mg at absolute detection limits below 1 pg. Best performance of the coupling of ETV to ICP-MS is only obtained in the single-ion monitoring mode which means only semi-sequential multi-element capabilities. Received: 28 April 1997 / Revised: 16 June 1997 / Accepted: 21 June 1997     

ICP-MS测定化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅

目的：建立化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅8种有害元素的测定方法。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,样品采用微波消解,以钇、锂、铟、铋为内标作定量分析。结果：各元素和内标元素在一定浓度范围内的质量数比值均与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程的相关系数均大于0.9998,平均回收率为95%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%。结论：该方法灵敏度高,准确,可为化妆品中上述元素的限量检查提供参考。     

Electrothermal vaporization-ICP-MS for the determination of metals in micro amounts of high-purity non-metals (P, As, Sb, S, Se, Te, I)

A thermal trace-matrix separation procedure has been developed for the determination of ultra-traces of metals in solid non-metals (P, As, Sb, S, Se, Te and I). These matrices are dissolved in high-purity hydrogen peroxide to form the corresponding acids. By applying a suitable temperature profile, coating the graphite tube with WC and using hydrogen as a gaseous modifier more than 90% of the matrix can be removed. Analyte recoveries are 90 to 105% with a standard deviation of 5 to 10%. Since the separation principle is not specific, non-metallic analytes show poor recoveries of 10 to 40% (20–100% RSD). Elements forming persistent carbides, such as refractory metals, require either HF or freon as an additional modifier. Separation of the matrix leads to higher sensitivities, fewer spectral and non-spectral interferences and to better precision. The graphite tube is only little contaminated and its lifetime is drastically increased. The improvements result in limits of detection in the lower pg/g-range in the solid non-metals. Furthermore, this method can be employed for amounts of sample around 1 mg at absolute detection limits below 1 pg. Best performance of the coupling of ETV to ICP-MS is only obtained in the single-ion monitoring mode which means only semi-sequential multi-element capabilities.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅

建立了化妆品中铍、铬、砷、镉、碲、钕、铊、铅8种有害元素的测定方法,样品采用微波消解,以钇、锂、铟、铋为测定的内标元素,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定,结果表明,各元素和内标元素在一定浓度范围内的质量数比值均与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程的相关系数均大于0.999 8,平均加标回收率为95%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%。方法灵敏度高,准确,可为化妆品中上述元素的限量检查提供参考。     

XHn型气相分子的合成技术

近年来，分了局域模振动的光谱理论研究已成为分子光谱学引人入胜的前沿领域[1]，而研究分子局域模振动最具说服力的分子对象就是XHn型气相分子。Si、Ge、Sn、S、Se、Te、P、As、Sb等元素的氢化物都很活泼，容易分解，大部分属剧毒气体，必须在通风橱中处理这类气体。早期文献中介绍XHn型分子的合成比较多[2～4]，但适合普通实验室设备的简单、实用、安全的合成方法并不多见。     

ICP-AES测定南红玛瑙中剧毒元素As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Sb含量的研究

文章研究报道了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定南红玛瑙中As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Sb元素含量的分析方法。通过对前处理方法的确定、分析线的选择、基体干扰方面的研究,确定了分析条件,并对比研究了标准曲线法与标准加入法在测定方面的异同。标准加入法与标准曲线法的测定结果相近,但标准曲线法的测定结果总是比标准加入法的测定结果小。在标准加入法中,各元素加标回收率在93.6％～103％之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD_n=6)小于10％;在标准曲线法中,各元素加标回收率在90.2％～103％之间,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD _n=6)也均小于10％。基体效应对标准曲线法测定存在一定的影响,但不十分明显。标准加入法可以很好地减轻基体效应的干扰,但不可大批量测定样品。因此,在分析控制质量要求允许范围内,可采用标准曲线法对南红玛瑙中剧毒元素As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Sb的含量进行测定。     

icp-ms法同时测定卷烟纸中元素铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、镉、铅

电感耦合等离子体质谱(icp-ms);卷烟纸;微波消解     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定仿真饰品中砷、钡、镉、钴、铬、汞、镍、铅、锑和硒迁移量

仿真饰品样品用模拟人体环境的酸性汗液萃取60min后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中砷、钡、镉、钴、铬、汞、镍、铅、锑和硒的迁移量。试验选择波长为193.759,233.527,214.438,228.616,267.716,194.227,232.003,220.353,206.833,196.090nm的10条谱线依次作为测定砷、钡、镉、钴、铬、汞、镍、铅、锑和硒的分析线。方法的检出限(3sb/k)在0.002～0.06mg.L-1之间,测定下限(15sb/k)在0.01～0.3mg.L-1之间。方法用于仿真饰品的分析,回收率在88.0%～100%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3.1%～9.8%之间。     

Eine mikromethode der flammen-atomabsorptions- und emissionsspektrometrie (platinschlaufen-methode)—II: Die bestimmung von As,Bi, Cd,Hg, Pb,Sb, Se,Te, Tl,Zn/Li,Na, K,Cs, Sr,Ba

This paper described the continuation of the work of Part I dealing with a microanalytical method in which the sample is introduced into a flame using an electrically heated platinum loop. This device is used in connection with an atomic absorption (AA) spectrometer. The detection limits are one to two orders of magnitude better than those of conventional flame AAS. The reproducibility depends on the element and is in general 3–5% (relative standard deviation) for concentrations in the $\text{ng}\text{ml}$ range. The platinum loop method can be also applied for flame emission analysis of small amounts of sample or the determination of low concentrations (alkalis). This application gives access to determinations in the lower ng or the pg range (detection limit of lithium: 0.6 pg).