用传感器探究影响向心力大小的因素

针对传统探究向心力 F大小与质量m、角速度ω和半径r之间关系的实验存在的不足,重新设计了实验装置,该实验装置利用PASCO力传感器测向心力的大小,用调速电机来改变金属小球作圆周运动的角速度,并用霍尔传感器测量电机的转速,而金属小球的质量和小球的旋转半径则可以定量改变,由此可定量探究向心力的大小 F与质量m、角速度ω和半径r之间的关系。     

一种探究向心力大小的实验装置

介绍了一种改装的向心力研究仪器,通过添加相关电子元件以便显示各物理量的大小,定量研究向心力的影响因素以及和各物理量的比例关系;解决了以往实验仪器只能定性研究,不能量化的缺点;力求让学生在实验研究中,通过运算、作图感受物理量的内在规律,提高物理核心素养.     

改进型向心力探究仪

针对传统“ D I S向心力实验器”的不足, 设计了改进型向心力探究仪. 新仪器保留了传统向心力实验器 的部分元件, 改进了转动半径测量和向心力测量装置. 通过改变电动机转速、 圆周半径和砝码质量等参量, 可定量 研究向心力表达式     

向心力大小实验的设计

向心力大小演示实验是高中物理教学中一个很重要的演示实验.在人教版物理教材中,采用圆锥摆粗略验证向心力表达式,该实验是利用铁架台、小球、细线、秒表、天平、刻度尺等器材完成的.实验时,小球在水平面内做匀速圆周运动,用刻度尺测量出小球做圆周运动的半径r和小球距悬点的竖直高度h,利用天平、秒表分别测量出小球的质量m和运动n圈的时间t,得出指向圆心的合力为     

向心力演示装置的设计与制作

基于定性探究实验的原理,设计并制作了一个定量的向心力演示装置,由电机带动钩码做匀速圆周运动,利用压力传感器测量压力的变化量代替拉力的测量思想,得到向心力的值,能用于探究影响匀速圆周运动向心力的因素,并帮助学生理解向心力的概念及效果.     

向心力表达式用什么实验设置演示更恰当

2017年教育部颁布新课程标准,2019年开始使用新版普通高中教科书,人教版物理必修2教材"向心力"一节的实验设置,由"用圆锥摆粗略验证向心力表达式"改成了"用向心力演示器探究向心力大小的表达式",教材的这个改变值得商榷,比较两种器材的特点和新课标要求,圆锥摆实验更有利于培养学生的物理学科素养,更符合新课标的编写理念.     

对电动向心力定量分析演示仪的改进

针对现有"向心力演示仪"实验的不足,对电动向心力定量分析演示仪进行改进,新仪器保留了电动向心力演示仪的部分元件,改进了转动半径测量和向心力测量装置.通过改变电动机转速、圆周运动半径、金属球质量等参量,该装置可定性演示向心力和定量研究向心力表达式.     

用自制教具探究圆周运动向心力的思考

随着新课改的推进, 对学生核心素养的培养是物理课堂的新目标, 物理是一门以实验为基础的学科, 实验教学是物理教学的重点, 而传统的实验仪器已无法满足新的教学要求, 再结合现阶段学生的认知特点, 需要教 师开发一些自制教具应用于课堂, 更好地促进学生物理核心素养的培养     

生活化的向心力演示教具

利用小型风扇设计并制作了低成本的向心力演示教具,该装置使得教学用具更加生活化,并具有原理简单、操作简易、定量探究、现象明显等优点.在“探究影响向心力大小因素”的实验中使用,有利于加深学生对向心力的理解.     

定量探究向心力演示仪

针对现有探究向心力演示仪的不足,利用57步进电机及其控制装置、数显测力计、8字环和槽码自制定量探究向心力演示仪.通过改变圆周运动半径、电机的转速和槽码质量,可定量研究向心力的表达式.改进后的一体式装置,数据获取便捷,测量精确,操作简单,便于携带.     

简易式毫伏级待测电动势实验仪的设计及其稳定性的研究

设计了简易式待测电动势实验仪,并对其稳定性进行了研究;通过改变待测电动势实验仪测量端电阻的大小来实现输出电动势的变化,输出的毫伏级电动势在电位差计实验仪的各个测量点非常稳定,能够满足箱式电位差计测量范围和精度要求,是非常理想的箱式电位差计实验配套仪器。     

LED毫伏级待测电动势实验仪的设计及其稳定性的研究

为了满足电位差计实验对毫伏级待测电动势需求,设计了LED毫伏级待测电动势实验仪,并对其稳定性进行了研究.待测电动势实验仪是通过光电转换来实现的,输出的毫伏级电动势在电位差计实验仪的各个测量点都能稳定,能够满足箱式电位差计测量范围和精度要求,是比较理想的箱式电位差计实验配套仪器,能够大大提高学生的实验效率和教师对实验设计的选择性,实验效果良好.     

Experimental measurement and analysis of the optical trapping force acting on a yeast cell with a lensed optical fiber probe

Based on an optical trapping system with a single-lensed fiber probe inserted at an angle, the sub-picoNewton trapping force acting on a yeast cell as a function of the displacement is measured experimentally by the static and dynamic methods, respectively, whose measurement processes are presented in detail. The measured maximum trapping efficiency is 0.07 in our experiment, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the optical tweezers. The characteristics of the trapping force in the various horizontal directions are discussed. Finally, the analysis of the measurement error shows the factors and their magnitude which cause error, and offers a way to reduce the error in future.     

Evaluating the Possibilities of Correcting the Valence–Force Fields Obtained by Quantum–Chemical Methods in Relation to a Nitromethane Molecule

Using a specific numerical example, we consider and discuss a problem of correction of quantum–chemical force fields because of the ambiguous selection of the systems of scaling factors. Additional conditions are suggested that make it possible to narrow noticeably the regions of solutions of the inverse vibrational problem.     

Comparison of Inductively Coupled Plasma with Classical Analytical Techniques in the Analysis of Southern Oregon Lithia Water: Inclusion of a Local Resource in the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum

Abstract

Lithia water, a community resource of local historical significance, is described as a central theme in the undergraduate analytical chemistry sequence. A statistical comparison of the classical determination of major cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and anions (HCO₃ ^?, Cl^?) reinforces statistical and charge‐balance concepts covered in analytical chemistry. Subsequent determination of these major cations by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) enables students to statistically evaluate the presence of bias between instrumental and classical methods. The effect of easily ionized elements on ICP calibration sensitivity and linearity via the use of cesium as an ionization suppressor is reported.     

Experimental parameters for the SERS of nitrate ion for label‐free semi‐quantitative detection of proteins and mechanism for proteins to form SERS hot sites: a SERS study

We have explored the effects of the experimental parameters on the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensities of NO₃⁻ and proteins observed by a heat‐induced SERS method developed by our group. The results have shown that a strong SERS signal can be obtained at pH 4.0, using an Ag colloid prepared with the reduction time of 15 min (the average size of Ag nanoparticle is 56.5 nm) dilution prepared Ag colloid by a factor of 2 by use of a 5 mM citrate buffer, using 6 mM NaNO₃ and drying the sample at 100 °C, respectively. Based on the results, two possible mechanisms for proteins to form SERS hot sites during the sample preparations are proposed. A semi‐quantitative SERS detection of ribonuclease B has been investigated. Also, NaNO₂, Mg (NO₃)₂, MgSO₄ and Na₂SO₄ have been found to be suitable for the heat‐induced SERS method. Importantly, samples prepared by the heat‐induced SERS method are so stable that these samples can be used as a standard and transferred to different laboratories for direct comparison. Namely, it can overcome uncontrollable aggregation of Ag colloids in a solution sample. All these advantages and the simplicity of experimental setup have demonstrated that the heat‐induced SERS method using NaNO₃ as an electrolyte is very promising for label‐free routine and quantitative detection of proteins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study with a Fourier set-up of the image transfer from a laser beam to a forward or backward stimulated Raman scattered beam

Received: 13 July 1998 / Revised version: 8 October 1998 / Published online: 24 February 1999     

Studies of the photoreduction of methylene blue in gelatin solutions and films with a view to improving the holographic recording process at 633 nm

The photoreduction of methylene blue (MB), in methylene blue sensitized gelatin (MBG) solutions and films, was studied for the first time with time-resolved laser spectroscopy. The dependence of the lifetime of the triplet state precursor was estimated by varying the pH, and the efficiency of this photoprocess was evaluated in solid thin films. This work constitutes the first step towards improving the holographic recording speed of MBG.     

Experimental and theoretical study of density,potential, and current structures of a helium plasma in front of an radio frequency antenna tilted with respect to the magnetic field lines

Potential and density structures in the vicinity of an radio frequency (RF) electrode/antenna in a magnetized plasma are investigated using an RF-compensated cylindrical Langmuir probe. These measurements were performed in the ALINE plasma device in which only electrons can be considered well magnetized. Very precise 2-D maps of the plasma parameters are drawn thanks to a 3-D automatic manipulator on which the probe is mounted. The effect of the tilted magnetic angle between the RF-biased surface and the magnetic lines is also studied thanks to a tilting electrode. Comparison of several simplistic models with the experiments proved the reliability of simple Langmuir probe measurements in such an RF and magnetized environment (space potential vs. tilting angle of the antenna with respect to magnetic field lines and recovery of the floating potential structure using measured currents). A fluid model based on total current density and ion diffusion equations over the biased flux tube provides the same density structures in front of the electrode as the measurements. Those density structures display a “bunny ears” shape and can be explained using transverse RF and collisional current behaviour: In front of the antenna, the transverse ion currents deplete the magnetized flux tube, while at the edge of the biased flux tube, the same currents increase the density.     

Analytical solution to a mode of mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication with mixed contact regimes: Part II—Considering the contact adhering layer effect in the inlet zone

The present paper presents the researches succeeding the first part of the paper [Y.B. Zhang, Analytical Solution to A Mode of Mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication with Mixed Contact Regimes: Part I—Without Consideration of Contact Adhering Layer in the Inlet Zone. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2006, Vol.117, (10.1016/j.molliq.2006.04.006)], which analyzed one mode of mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication with mixed contact regimes for the relatively heavy load and low rolling speed which make the conventional hydrodynamic lubrication occur in the inlet zone while make the physical adsorbed layer boundary lubrication occur in the Hertzian zone, based on the Newtonian fluid model. The present paper presents analysis to other two modes of mixed EHL with mixed contact regimes for relatively heavy loads, low rolling speeds and Newtonian fluids, where the conventional hydrodynamic lubrication, physical adsorbed layer boundary lubrication and oxidized chemical layer boundary lubrication can simultaneously occur in the inlet zone while the oxidized chemical layer boundary lubrication or the fresh metal-oxidized chemical boundary layer dry contact occur in the Hertzian zone, considering the contact adhering layer effect in the inlet zone. The present analysis is also extended to the first mode of mixed EHL with mixed contact regimes as analyzed in Part I [Y.B. Zhang, Analytical Solution to A Mode of Mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication with Mixed Contact Regimes: Part I—Without Consideration of Contact Adhering Layer in the Inlet Zone. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2006, Vol.117, (10.1016/j.molliq.2006.04.006)] when the contact adhering layer effect in the inlet zone is considered. Results of contact pressures, film thicknesses, load partitions in the contact and characteristic rolling speeds for approaching to zero averaged hydrodynamic film thickness in the Hertzian zone are obtained from this analysis respectively as functions of the contact adhering layer thickness in the inlet zone. The results show that the contact adhering layer effect in the inlet zone in the present EHL is reduced with the increase of load; At large loads, this effect may be negligible; At small loads, it may be very significant. The results also show that at low rolling speeds, when the contact adhering layer effect in the inlet zone is considered, the load-carrying capacity of the present EHL contact is increased especially for small loads. This means that at low rolling speeds the contact adhering layer effect in the inlet zone may reduce the elastohydrodynamic lubrication deviation from classical EHL theory predictions especially for small loads.