Carbon nanotube motors driven by carbon nanotube

We propose a new type of carbon nanotube (CNT) motor composed of a single-wall CNT (SWCNT) and a double-wall CNT (DWCNT), that are in mechanical contact. The rotational motion of our CNT motor is controllable by the translational motion of the SWCNT along the axis of the DWCNT. From molecular dynamics simulations, we show how our CNT motor can be driven in a controlled manner.     

Iron/multiwalled carbon nanotube (Fe/MWCNT) hybrid materials characterization: thermogravimetric analysis as a powerful characterization technique

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Nanomaterials and nanocomposites have gained relevance in science and technology due to their excellent properties. Therefore, the characterization of...     

Waste mixture composition by thermogravimetric analysis

In this work thermogravimetric analysis is applied to examine pyrolysis of single waste components and their blends in order to determine the composition of an unknown waste mixture. The superposition property is assumed, i.e. the mixture thermal degradation curve is obtained as the sum of the curves corresponding to its constituents. The results show that if blended, the individual components are more clearly recognised from the differential mass loss curves. This allows a better identification of the composition. Inaccuracy in determining the composition increases if interactions occur between components, which is the case for PVC-newspaper blend. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

Four many curves methods, viz. calculation techniques based on Eqs (30), (31), (34) and (36), respectively, for deriving kinetic parameters from several TG curves recorded with different heating rates are tested on two sets of theoretical TG curves. The maximum reaction rate temperature and conversion, as well as the approximate formulae used for their calculation are discussed. Some aspects of the kinetic compensation effect are analysed. The final conclusion is that the use of the many curves methods is not reasonable.     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

Fifteen thermogravimetric curves of the thermal decomposition of CaCO₃ reported in the literature have been analysed and kinetic parameters have been derived by means of Coats and Redfern's method. The activation energy varies between 26 and 377 kcal/mole, and the pre-exponential factors between 10² and 10⁶⁹, as functions of the working conditions. The kinetic compensation effect has been observed, and the results are well described by the following empirical compensation law: logZ=0.195E? 1.86.     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

Thermal decomposition of 6 complexes of the type AH[Cr(NCS)₄ (am)₂]· nH₂O is studied with derivatograph. The formation of Cr(NCS)₃ as a labile intermediate is presumed. For some decomposition stages kinetic parameters are derived. The kinetic compensation effect is discussed.     

Determination of carbon nanotube density by gradient sedimentation

Density gradient centrifugation is a high-resolution technique for the separation and characterization of large molecules and stable complexes. We have analyzed various nanotube structures by preparative centrifugation in sodium metatungstate-water solutions. Bundled, isolated and acid-treated single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs) formed sharp bands at well-defined densities. The structure of the material in each band was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Our data suggest respective densities of 1.87, 2.13, 1.74, and 2.1 g/cm(3) for bundled, isolated, and acid-treated SWNTs and MWNTs. These measured results compare well with their calculated densities.     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

Computer programs are given in Fortran language for three integral methods of deriving kinetic parameters from TG curves. Method 1 is a computerized variant of Doyle's curve-fitting method and performs the calculation of the exponential integralp(x) by means of author's empirical formula. Methods 2 and 3 are variants of the Coats-Redfern linearization method. Testing of the methods on both theoretical and experimental TG curves shows them to be almost equivalent as far as the results obtained are concerned, but Method 1 needs a ten-fold higher computer time.     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The thermal decomposition rates of seven [CoX 2(amine)2] type complexes (amine=aromatic amines) have been studied by thermogravimetry at 3 different...     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

The potassium, ammonium and thirteen amine salts of hexabromoplatinic acid were obtained and characterized by chemical analysis. The thermal decompositions of these complex salts were studied by derivatograph and differential scanning calorimetry. The natures of the pyrolysis processes are discussed and compared with those obtained for the analogous chlorocomplexes. From the TG curves, kinetic parameters were derived for different stages of the thermal decomposition.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Kalium-, Ammonium- und dreizehn verschiedene Aminsalze von Hexabromoplatinsäure hergestellt und mittels Elementaranalyse charakterisiert. Mittels Derivatographie und DSC wurde die thermische Zersetzung dieser Komplexsalze untersucht. Das Wesen der Pyrolysevorgänge wird besprochen und mit dem der analogen Chlorokomplexe verglichen. Anhand der TG-Kurven wurden für verschiedene Schritte der thermischen Zersetzung kinetische Parameter ermittelt.

     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

Nineteen salts of hexachloroplatinic acid with monovalent metals, aromatic and heterocyclic amines and phosphine were obtained and characterized by chemical analysis. The thermal decomposition of these complexes was studied by means of derivatograph and differential scanning calorimetry. The nature of the pyrolysis processes is discussed. From the TG curves, kinetic parameters were derived for different stages of the thermal decompositions.     

Elemental analysis of a single-wall carbon nanotube candidate reference material

A material containing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with other carbon species, catalyst residues, and trace element contaminants has been prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for characterization and distribution as Standard Reference Material SRM 2483 Carbon Nanotube Soot. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) were selected to characterize the elemental composition. Catalyst residues at percentage mass fraction level were determined with independent NAA procedures and a number of trace elements, including selected rare earth elements, were determined with NAA and ICP–MS procedures. The results of the investigated materials agreed well among the NAA and ICP–MS procedures and good agreement of measured values with certified values was found in selected SRMs included in the analyses. Based on this work mass fraction values for catalyst and trace elements were assigned to the candidate SRM.     

Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments

Arc-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes have been purified through preparative electrophoresis in agarose gel and glass bead matrixes. Two major impurities were isolated: fluorescent carbon and short tubular carbon. Analysis of these two classes of impurities was done. The methods described may be readily extended to the separation of other water-soluble nanoparticles. The separated fluorescent carbon and short tubule carbon species promise to be interesting nanomaterials in their own right.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极测定铜离子

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰玻碳电极为工作电极,采用阳极溶出线性扫描法研究了铜离子的电化学测定方法。探讨了MWCNTs修饰层数、富集电位、富集时间、溶液pH、支持电解质对峰电流的影响。实验表明,铜离子浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-9mol·L-1,且该电极具有良好的稳定性和抗干扰能力。     

Evaluation of emulsion stability by thermogravimetric analysis (tg)

A rapid and simplified method for the determination of phase inversion temperature (PIT) and the stability of oil in water emulsions, stabilized by nonionic emulsifiers, is described. The method is based on the use of any thermogravimetric apparatus from which the rate of loss of water can be measured as a function of linear increase in the emulsion temperature. A DTG peak is obtained at the PIT: the emulsion in which the lowest PIT is observed is also the less stable one.     

Electro-desalination of saline solutions by multiwall carbon nanotube electrodes

Electrodes of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binding were prepared for NaCl removal from water in the electrosorption system. SEM, XRD and BET analysis were used to characterize the prepared electrodes. The optimum electrosorption parameters (electrosorption temperature, NaCl concentration, electrosorption time, and potential) were studied. The maximum electrosorption capacity (15.64 mg/g) was obtained at −1.0 V, 100 min, and 30 °C. The electrosorption capacity of electrodes decreased from 15.64 mg/g to 6.15 mg/g with the temperature rise from 30 to 50 °C. Also, the kinetics of electrosorption NaCl by Electrodes was investigated by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The results indicated that the electrosorption data will fit with the pseudo-first-order model indicating the physio-electrosorption of NaCl by Electrodes with activation energy was 19.45 kJ mol⁻¹. The regeneration result indicated the exceptional and stable reusability of MWCNT/PTFE in the NaCl electrosorption system.     

Nonlinear pattern formation by electroconvection of carbon nanotube dispersions

Applications of dc electric field across parallel plate electrodes filled with an aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes produce slowly changing, geometrically regular patterns over the anode surface. The pattern is made visible by nonuniform concentration distributions of black-colored carbon nanotubes. Temporal developments of the pattern can be categorized to the cell pattern appearing soon after the application of the field and the butterfly pattern that follows the cell pattern. An existence of a threshold voltage and the electrode separation dependence on the cell polygon size indicate that the cell pattern is formed by electroconvection induced by electrolysis of water. In contrast, the butterfly pattern does not show the same dependencies and is a characteristic of the nanotube dispersion. Furthermore, it depends on the direction of the electric field relative to gravity, suggesting that it involves a new lateral force that has never been reported.     

Pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of pistachio shell by thermogravimetric analysis

Pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of pistachio shell were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer in 50?C800?°C temperature range under nitrogen atmosphere at 2, 10, and 15?°C?min^?1 heating rates. Pyrolysis process was accomplished at four distinct stages which can mainly be attributed to removal of water, decomposition of hemicellulose, decomposition of cellulose, and decomposition of lignin, respectively. The activation energies, pre-exponential factors, and reaction orders of active pyrolysis stages were calculated by Arrhenius, Coats?CRedfern, and Horowitz?CMetzger model-fitting methods, while activation energies were additionaly determined by Flynn?CWall?COzawa model-free method. Average activation energies of the second and third stages calculated from model-fitting methods were in the range of 121?C187 and 320?C353?kJ?mol^?1, respectively. The FWO method yielded a compatible result (153?kJ?mol^?1) for the second stage but a lower result (187?kJ?mol^?1) for the third stage. The existence of kinetic compensation effect was evident.     

Quantitative thermogravimetric analysis of binary mixtures

Thermogravimetric analysis is used to determine the amounts of Mg(OH)₂ and Mg(CH₃COO)₂in a mixture thereof. The application and suitability of different analysis methods are discussed. In the first method the mass losses in the temperature ranges as indicated by the decomposition of the pure compounds were used. Results obtained using these temperature ranges were unusable. The percentage mass losses due to the decomposition of Mg(OH)₂ and Mg(CH₃COO)₂ were then determined in a second method using the minimum in the derivative mass vs. temperature curves. The results obtained by this method compared well with the actual values for mixtures containing more than 15% magnesium acetate. The third method employed the total experimental mass loss of both decomposition reactions. The results obtained using this method compared well to the actual values, giving a R ² value of more than 0.99. This method of using the total mass losses can however only be used for binary mixtures that consist only of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium acetate. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.