磁性碳纳米管对水中孔雀石绿的吸附性能研究

（1）以磁性碳纳米管吸附处理孔雀石绿溶液,考察了吸附剂用量、孔雀石绿浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。结果表明,该吸附不受溶液pH值的影响,符合准二级动力学方程（R2＞0.999）。不同温度下,该吸附过程满足Langmuir方程（R2>0.97）和Freundlich方程（R2>0.98）,qmax、KF随温度升高而变大。D-R等温方程拟合结果表明该吸附的机理是以化学吸附为主。热力学参数计算结果表明,该吸附是一个熵增的自发吸热过程,温度越高越利于吸附的进行。     

磁性多壁碳纳米管吸附水中双氯芬酸的热力学与动力学

研究了磁化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对于水中非甾体抗炎药双氯芬酸的吸附过程.结果表明,双氯芬酸的吸附量随磁性MWCNTs投加量的增加而增大,而且吸附剂量增加到一定阶段后,双氯芬酸的吸附量达到平衡.在磁性MWCNTs的量为0.7g·L-1时,水溶液中双氯芬酸被磁性MWCNTs吸附的量达到最大,为33.37mg·g-1,对应的双氯芬酸去除率为98.1%.双氯芬酸的去除率随溶液pH的增加先增大后下降,随温度的升高而下降.用准一级、准二级模型进行了动力学分析.回归结果表明,准二级模型更准确地反映了吸附动力学.通过实验确定了Langmuir和Freundlich等温线的线性相关系数与标准偏差,结果揭示出Langmuir等温线与实验数据有很好的拟合度.对热力学参数的计算表明,ΔG00,意味着磁性MWCNTs对双氯芬酸的吸附是自发的;ΔH00,指明吸附是一个放热的物理吸附过程,温度低对吸附有利;ΔS00,代表该吸附是熵增过程.     

磁性多壁碳纳米管对水中三种硝基咪唑类药物的吸附行为

在制备磁性多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)并且对其表征的基础上, 将磁性MWCNTs用于吸附水溶液中的三种硝基咪唑类药物(甲硝唑、奥硝唑、替硝唑). 研究了溶液pH值、吸附剂量、吸附时间和温度对吸附过程的影响. 结果表明, 当磁性MWCNTs投加量为5 g·L^-1, 溶液pH值为7, 吸附时间为300 min时, 甲硝唑、奥硝唑、替硝唑的去除率分别达到92.86%, 94.44%, 94.91%. 吸附动力学分析证实准二级模型准确地反映了吸附过程的动力学, 而Freundlich模型很好地描述了不同温度下的吸附等温线. 吸附过程的总速度受到外部质量传递和粒子内扩散的影响, 但主导因素是粒子内扩散. 吸附机理可能是由MWCNTs和硝基咪唑类化合物之间的静电引力及π-π堆积作用产生的. 对热力学参数(ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰, ΔG⁰)的计算揭示, 在实验的温度范围, 硝基咪唑类药物的吸附是自发、放热的物理过程. 最后考察了吸附材料中Fe的溢出情况, 发现在中性pH下Fe的溢出仅是0.96 mg·L^-1, 表明磁性MWCNTs在中性水体中是相当稳定的.     

吸附树脂对水中碘的吸附性能研究

采用动态法测定了NKA树脂对水中碘的吸附能力;研究了浓度、pH和流速等因素的影响;并在解吸条件和效率等方面与离子交换树脂作了对比。结果显示,NKA树脂对碘的吸附能力低于阴离子交换树脂和活性炭,但高于XAD-4和H-107。然而,NKA树脂的解吸效率和解吸液浓度比阴离子交换树脂和活性炭高得多。     

磁性Co/C纳米复合材料的合成及其对水中刚果红吸附性能研究

This comprehensive experiment has successfully introduced the frontier of scientific research into undergraduate laboratory teaching. A magnetic Co/C nanocomposite was synthesized by using ZIF-67 as the precursor. Upon calcination at high temperature in inert atmosphere, ZIF-67 was degraded and carbonized to form Co/C nanocomposite. The adsorption performance of Co/C nanocomposite for Congo Red was investigated in detail. The structure and composition of the nanocomposite were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The concentration of Congo Red was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The kinetics data was fitted with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed according to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. This experiment covers the synthesis of inorganic-organic hybrid material, characterization of materials, concentration determination of dyes, analysis of dynamics data and adsorption isotherms. Therefore, this experiment enables students to practice their experimental skills, increase their interest in scientific research, and broaden their professional knowledge.     

磁性Co/C纳米复合材料的合成及其对水中刚果红吸附性能研究

介绍一个由科研成果转化形成的大学综合化学实验,本综合实验设计以金属有机框架材料ZIF-67为前驱体,通过高温热解法合成磁性Co/C纳米复合材料,并将其应用于水中刚果红有机染料的吸附性能研究。在本实验中用X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电镜对材料的基本结构和形貌进行了表征,利用紫外-可见分光光度计绘制了刚果红的标准曲线,并详细考查了磁性Co/C纳米复合材料对刚果红染料的吸附性能,且对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行了拟合和分析。本实验操作简单,实验结果稳定,适用于大学生综合化学实验。本实验涵盖了无机-有机杂化材料合成、结构表征、有机染料浓度定量分析、动力学和吸附等温线的测定以及数据拟合分析等化学专业基础和实验操作技能,不仅有利于提高学生的综合实验能力,也可以培养学生的科研兴趣,拓展学生的视野。     

磁性颗粒活性炭对PFOA的吸附性能研究

采用浸润-高温改性方法简易合成了磁性活性炭(GAC-Fe_3O_4),考察改性前后吸附材料对全氟辛酸(PFOA)的吸附性能。用SEM、FT-IR、XRD、BET和孔隙结构以及磁性能和载铁量进行表征分析。结果表明,GAC-Fe_3O_4表面已成功负载上了Fe_3O_4颗粒,且属于纳米级,对GAC表面的微孔造成堵塞的同时增加了吸附点位。用等温吸附模型和动力学模型拟合了GAC和GAC-Fe_3O_4对PFOA的吸附过程,探索了不同初始pH值对PFOA的吸附性能影响及对GAC和GAC-Fe_3O_4的Zeta电位影响。吸附实验结果表明,GAC-Fe_3O_4对PFOA的最大吸附量为588.24mg/g,比GAC高47.06%,在100h左右达到吸附平衡,且在酸性环境(pH=3)下,对PFOA的吸附效果最好。GAC和GAC-Fe_3O_4对PFOA的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和拟二级动力学模型,吸附机理主要为静电作用,疏水作用可能参与其中。     

磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附性能研究

本文研究了磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附特性,考察了pH、吸附剂用量、结晶紫浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。磁性石墨烯吸附结晶紫符合准二级动力学模型。不同温度下磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附等温线满足Langmuir方程(R20.99)、Freundlich方程(R20.97)以及D-R模型(R20.96)。吸附热力学计算结果表明该吸附过程的△G0,并且随着温度升高△G越来越小,表明该吸附反应是自发进行的吸热反应。     

茶叶对水中重金属离子吸附性能的研究

本文探讨了用甲醛处理过的茶叶对水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Ni等离子的吸附性能,绘制出吸附等温线,并由Langmuir曲线求出吸附平衡常数b及饱和吸附量q_∞。由Freundlich式求出两个经验常数k和I/n。初步分析了吸附机理。进行了处理茶与未处理茶及活性炭的比较。考察了pH及氨水、抗坏血酸,EDTA等络合剂存在时处理茶对重金属离子吸附能力的影响。用原子吸收测定6～8次,各离子相对标准偏差为0.7～3.5％。     

磁性镍基氮掺杂多壁碳纳米管对双酚A的吸附性能及机理研究

通过简单的高温煅烧法制备了具有较大比表面积的磁性镍基氮掺杂多壁碳纳米管材料(Ni-NMC-NTs),将该材料用于双酚A(BPA)的吸附研究,对材料吸附前后的形貌和结构变化进行表征,探究其吸附机理.结果表明:具有中空管状结构的磁性Ni-NMCNTs对BPA具有良好的吸附能力和重复利用性,材料中n比啶氮的存在提供了吸附缺陷...     

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Adsorbent for Ruthenium from Aqueous Solution

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - This paper describes the adsorption behavior of ruthenium on multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from aqueous solution. The adsorption behavior...     

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Powder-Activated Carbon Adsorbents for the Removal of Nitrofurazone from Aqueous Solution

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and powder-activated carbon (PAC) were used as adsorbents for adsorption of nitrofurazone, a veterinary medicine, from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR transform infrared spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of initial pH, contact time, and temperature on adsorption capacity of the adsorbents were investigated. For MWCNT and PAC, the result showed that when the pH value was ranged from 2.0 to 10.0, the dosage of adsorbent was 0.02 g, and adsorptive time is 4 hours, the removal efficiencies for nitrofurazone were 96.8% and 94.7%, and the corresponding maximum capacities at 283 K were close to 50.8 mgg^?1 and 59.9 mgg^?1, respectively. For nitrofurazone, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data. The Boyd model indicated the mechanism for adsorption processes was mainly external mass transfer, while the effect of particle internal diffusion was relatively weak. Liu model could best fit to the experimental data of isothermal adsorption. The data of adsorption thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous.     

孔雀石绿在CPB胶束介质中的电化学行为

以玻碳电极(GCE)为工作电极,用循环伏安法(CV)研究了孔雀石绿(MG)在溴代十六烷基吡啶(CPB)胶束介质中的电化学行为,并与其在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中的电化学行为进行了比较。在20～300mV/s范围内MG的氧化峰电流Ip与扫描速度平方根成正比,表明MG在GCE上的电化学氧化反应是一个受扩散控制的电化学过程。通过介质pH值对MG电化学氧化反应的影响研究发现,在pH值为4～8范围内MG的电化学氧化过程没有质子参与。用计时库仑法(CC)、计时电流法(CA)测定了有无CPB存在时MG的扩散系数D分别为2.34×10-6和2.51×10-6cm2/s,电荷转移系数α分别为0.56和0.72,电极反应速率常数kf为3.95×10-4和9.12×10-4s-1。结果表明,在PBS浓度较大的体系中,CPB更早的到达CMC且MG平台部分的氧化峰电流Ip较低;MG在2.0×10-2～8mmol/L浓度范围内,其氧化峰峰电流Ip随浓度增大降低,峰电位Ep正移。     

水溶液中碳纳米管的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

合成了碳纳米管和金纳米颗粒的复合物, 测量了水溶液相中复合物的表面增强拉曼光谱, 结果表明, 碳纳米管的巯基化修饰可以提高碳纳米管与金纳米颗粒复合的效率, 随着金纳米颗粒负载量的增加, 碳纳米管的拉曼信号逐渐增强. 加入己二胺分子可以减小金纳米颗粒之间的距离使表面增强效应更显著, 碳纳米管的拉曼光谱得到进一步的增强. 还可进一步在复合体系中加入对巯基苯胺和罗丹明B等小分子拉曼探针, 利用金纳米颗粒的表面增强效应, 这种多元复合体系有望作为多通道拉曼成像探针材料.     

水溶液中六价铬在碳纳米管上的吸附

针对用碳纳米管对水溶液中六价铬的吸附净化进行了研究, 考察了溶液浓度、溶液pH值、共存的三价铬离子等因素对吸附行为的影响. 实验结果表明, 碳纳米管在室温下对于六价铬的吸附量随着平衡浓度的增大而升高, 在铬浓度为493.557 mg•L−1时碳纳米管吸附量达到最大值为532.215 mg•g−1; 六价铬的浓度在300~700 mg•L−1的范围内, 碳纳米管对铬的吸附量变化不大；大于700 mg•L−1时, 随着铬的平衡浓度的升高碳纳米管对铬的吸附量降低, 铬浓度为961.074 mg•L−1时, 碳纳米管吸附量降至194.631 mg•g−1. 在pH值为2~7的范围内, 碳纳米管对六价铬的吸附量随着溶液pH值的减小而增大; 而在碱性条件下, pH值对碳纳米管吸附六价铬的影响不大. 溶液中存在三价铬时, 碳纳米管对六价铬的吸附量明显降低, 表明三价铬与六价铬有竞争吸附. 此外, 活性炭的对比吸附实验表明, 在低浓度时, 譬如在六价铬浓度为190 mg•L−1吸附时, 碳纳米管对铬的吸附量约为活性炭的6倍；而在高浓度下, 譬如六价铬浓度为493 mg•L−1时, 碳纳米管对铬的吸附量约为活性炭的2倍.     

Magnetic Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanocomposite for Pb(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

We report in the present study the in situ formation of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ or Fe) within porous N-doped carbon (Fe₃O₄/N@C) via simple impregnation, polymerization, and calcination sequentially. The synthesized nanocomposite structural properties were investigated using different techniques showing its good construction. The formed nanocomposite showed a saturation magnetization (M_s) of 23.0 emu g⁻¹ due to the implanted magnetic nanoparticles and high surface area from the porous N-doped carbon. The nanocomposite was formed as graphite-type layers. The well-synthesized nanocomposite showed a high adsorption affinity toward Pb²⁺ toxic ions. The nanosorbent showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 250.0 mg/g toward the Pb²⁺ metallic ions at pH of 5.5, initial Pb²⁺ concentration of 180.0 mg/L, and room temperature. Due to its superparamagnetic characteristics, an external magnet was used for the fast separation of the nanocomposite. This enabled the study of the nanocomposite reusability toward Pb²⁺ ions, showing good chemical stability even after six cycles. Subsequently, Fe₃O₄/N@C nanocomposite was shown to have excellent efficiency for the removal of toxic Pb²⁺ ions from water.     

Reduction‐Responsive Sheddable Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Aqueous Solution

A new approach to stabilize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous solution with a reduction‐responsive water‐soluble polymer is reported. The novel polymer synthesized by a controlled radical polymerization is functionalized with pendant pyrene groups capable of adhering to the surface of CNTs through π–π noncovalent interactions, and labeled with disulfide linkages to exhibit reduction‐responsive cleavage. Upon the cleavage of junction disulfide linkages in a reducing environment, water‐soluble polymers are shed, retaining clean CNT surfaces for electrochemical catalytic reactions.

     

活性炭的Zeta电位对其吸附达旦黄规律的影响

The effect of pH on the adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon from aqueous solution has been studied. It has been found that the Zeta potential of the activated carbon has a great effect on adsorption capacity of Titan yellow. The kinetic and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption as a function of pH has been evaluated. The mechanism for adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon has also been discussed.     

氧化多壁碳纳米管对Pb2+的吸附性能研究

该文研究了氧化多壁碳纳米管(o-MWNTs)对Pb2+的吸附性能,考察了平衡时间、溶液pH值、溶液体积等因素对吸附行为的影响。在静态吸附条件下:Pb2+能大量并快速地被o-MWNTs吸附,45 min内即可达到吸附平衡,而活性炭(ACs)的吸附平衡时间为90 min。溶液pH值在1.0~7.0范围对吸附量有显著影响,在pH5.0~6.0时o-MWNTs对Pb2+的静态吸附容量为17.43 mg.g-1。o-MWNTs对铅离子的吸附量随着溶液体积的增加而增加,并逐渐趋于稳定,最大吸附量可达25 mg.g-1。在动态吸附实验中,30 mg.L-1的铅离子溶液在SPE小柱的穿透体积为235 mL,溶液体积为400 mL时可完全穿透。动态吸附实验表明,o-MWNTs对铅离子具有较大的吸附容量且萃取回收率高达94%。研究表明,氧化碳纳米管装填的固相萃取小柱可用于中药提取物中Pb2+的残留分析。