On the Hecke Equivariance of the Borcherds Isomorphism

The Borcherds isomorphism is proved to be Hecke equivariantif one considers multiplicative Hecke operators acting on theintegral weight meromorphic modular forms. This answers a partof a question of Borcherds (see ‘Automorphic forms onO_{s+2, 2}(R) and infinite products’, Invent. Math. 120 (1995)161–213, 17.10), using his suggestion to define the multiplicativeHecke operators. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 11F37.     

The Milnor number of a function on a space curve germ

Given a finite function germ f:(X, 0) (, 0) on a reduced spacecurve singularity (X, 0), we show that µ(f) = µ(X,0) + deg(f) – 1. Here, µ(f) and µ(X, 0) denotethe Milnor numbers of the function and the curve, respectively,and deg(f) is the degree of f. We use this formula to obtainseveral consequences related to the topological triviality andWhitney equisingularity of families of curves and families offunctions on curves.     

The Bloch–Kato Conjecture for Good Reduction Curves over Local Fields

We establish a natural isomorphism between the Milnor Kgroups and the Galois cohomology groups for the function fields of curves over local fields having good reduction. The result in this paper may be considered as a partial answer to the Bloch–Kato conjecture for such fields.     

On Atkin-Lehner Quotients of Curves

We study the erednik–Drinfeld p-adic uniformization ofcertain Atkin–Lehner quotients of Shimura curves overQ. We use it to determine over which local fields they haverational points and divisors of a given degree. Using a criterionof Poonen and Stoll, we show that the Shafarevich–Tategroup of their jacobians is not of square order for infinitelymany cases. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 11G18, 11G20,14G20, 14G35, 14H40.     

Q-Curves and Abelian Varieties of GL2-Type

The relation between Q-curves and certain abelian varietiesof GL₂-type was established by Ribet (‘Abelian varietiesover Q and modular forms’, Proceedings of the KAIST MathematicsWorkshop (1992) 53–79) and generalized to building blocks,the higher-dimensional analogues of Q-curves, by Pyle in herPhD Thesis (University of California at Berkeley, 1995). Inthis paper we investigate some aspects of Q-curves with no complexmultiplication and the corresponding abelian varieties of GL₂-type,for which we mainly use the ideas and techniques introducedby Ribet (op. cit. and ‘Fields of definition of abelianvarieties with real multiplication’, Contemp.\ Math. 174(1994) 107–118). After the Introduction, in Sections 2and 3 we obtain a characterization of the fields where a Q-curveand all the isogenies between its Galois conjugates can be definedup to isogeny, and we apply it to certain fields of type (2,...,2).In Section 4 we determine the endomorphism algebras of all theabelian varieties of GL₂-type having as a quotient a given Q-curvein easily computable terms. Section 5 is devoted to a particularcase of Weil's restriction of scalars functor applied to a Q-curve,in which the resulting abelian variety factors over Q up toisogeny as a product of abelian varieties of GL₂-type. Finally,Section 6 contains examples: we parametrize the Q-curves comingfrom rational points of the modular curves X*N having genuszero, and we apply the results of Sections 2–5 to someof the curves obtained. We also give results concerning theexistence of quadratic Q-curves. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:primary 11G05; secondary 11G10, 11G18, 11F11, 14K02.     

Chracters on Weighted Amenable Groups

In this paper we prove that for every weight on an amenablegroup there is always a continuous bounded character on thatgroup. Thus we may assume that any weight on an amenable groupis always greater than 1. Using a result of N. Grønbæk[1], this implies that the only amenable weighted group algebrasare up to isomorphism L¹(G)for some amenable group G. A Hahn–Banachtype generalisation is given for the extension of bounded charactersand examples are given showing that the assumption of amenabilityis necessary.     

Definable groups and compact p-adic Lie groups

We formulate p-adic analogues of the o-minimal group conjecturesfrom the works of Hrushovski, Peterzil and Pillay [J. Amer.Math. Soc., to appear] and Pillay [J. Math. Log. 4 (2004) 147–162];that is, we formulate versions that are appropriate for groupsG definable in (saturated) P-minimal fields. We then restrictour attention to saturated models K of Th(_p) and Th(_{p, an}),record some elementary observations when G is defined over thestandard model _p, and then make a detailed analysis of the casewhere G = E(K) for E an elliptic curve over K. Essentially,our P-minimal conjectures hold in these contexts and, moreover,our case study of elliptic curves yields counterexamples toa more naive direct translation of the o-minimal conjectures.     

Witt equivalence of algebraic function fields over real closed fields

We examine the conditions for two algebraic function fields over real closed fields to be Witt equivalent. We show that there are only two Witt classes of algebraic function fields with a fixed real closed field of constants: real and non-real ones. The first of them splits further into subclasses corresponding to the tame equivalence. This condition has a natural interpretation in terms of both: orderings (the associated Harrison isomorphism maps 1-pt fans onto 1-pt fans), and geometry and topology of associated real curves (the bijection of points is a homeomorphism and these two curves have the same number of semi-algebraically connected components). Finally, we derive some immediate consequences of those theorems. In particular we describe all the Witt classes of algebraic function fields of genus 0 and 1 over the fixed real closed field. Received: 16 February 2000; in final form: 7 December 2000 / Published online: 18 January 2002     

Simple algebraic and semialgebraic groups over real closed fields

We continue the investigation of infinite, definably simple groups which are definable in o-minimal structures. In Definably simple groups in o-minimal structures, we showed that every such group is a semialgebraic group over a real closed field. Our main result here, stated in a model theoretic language, is that every such group is either bi-interpretable with an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero (when the group is stable) or with a real closed field (when the group is unstable). It follows that every abstract isomorphism between two unstable groups as above is a composition of a semialgebraic map with a field isomorphism. We discuss connections to theorems of Freudenthal, Borel-Tits and Weisfeiler on automorphisms of real Lie groups and simple algebraic groups over real closed fields.

     

Real Paley-Wiener Theorems

The aim of this paper is to exhibit a real Paley–Wienerspace sitting inside the Schwartz space, and to give a quickand simple proof of a Paley–Wiener-type theorem. A simpleand elementary proof of a theorem postulated by H. H. Bang isalso given. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 42A38.     

Algebraic Isomorphisms and Finite Distributive Subspace Lattices

Let L₁ and L₂ be finite distributive subspace lattices on realor complex Banach spaces. It is shown that every rank-preservingalgebraic isomorphism of AlgL₁ onto AlgL₂ is quasi-spatiallyinduced. If the algebraic isomorphism in question is known onlyto preserve the rank of rank one operators, then it inducesa lattice isomorphism between L₁ and L₂.     

Counting isomorphism classes of pointed hyperelliptic curves of genus 4 over finite fields with odd characteristic

This paper is devoted to computing the number of isomorphism classes of pointed hyperelliptic curves over finite fields. We deal with the genus-4 case and the finite fields are of odd characteristic. The number of isomorphism classes is computed. This number can be represented as a polynomial in q of degree 7, where q is the order of the finite field. The results have applications in the classification problems and in the hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems.     

Differential calculus founded on an isomorphism

This paper founds calculus on a natural isometric linear isomorphism. Once this Foundational Isomorphism is proved (with elementary Banach space methods) several familiar calculus properties of continuous curves drop out as quick corollaries. Then the calculus can be further developed in very general setting via categorical methods. VSERC aided     

Jacobi Cohomology, Local Geometry of Moduli Spaces, and Hitchin Connections

We develop some cohomological tools for the study of the localgeometry of moduli and parameter spaces in complex AlgebraicGeometry. Notably, we develop canonical formulae for the differentialoperators of arbitrary order and their natural action on suitable‘natural’ modules (for example, functions); in particular,we obtain a formula, in terms of the moduli problem, for theLie bracket of vector fields on a moduli space. As an application,we obtain another construction and proof of flatness for thefamiliar KZW or Hitchin connection on moduli spaces of curves.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 14D15, 32G05.     

A Prym Construction for the Cohomology of a Cubic Hypersurface

Mumford defined a natural isomorphism between the intermediatejacobian of a conic-bundle over P² and the Prym variety of anaturally defined étale double cover of the discriminantcurve of the conic-bundle. Clemens and Griffiths used this isomorphismto give a proof of the irrationality of a smooth cubic threefold,and Beauville later generalized the isomorphism to intermediatejacobians of odd-dimensional quadric-bundles over P². We furthergeneralize the isomorphism to the primitive cohomology of asmooth cubic hypersurface in Pⁿ. We give two applications ofour construction: one is a special case of the generalized Hodgeconjectures and the other is an Abel-Jacobi isomorphism. 1991Mathematics Subject Classification: primary 14J70; secondary14J45.     

Counting isomorphism classes of pointed hyperelliptic curves of genus 4 over finite fields with even characteristic

This paper is devoted to counting the number of isomorphism classes of pointed hyperelliptic curves over finite fields. We deal with the genus 4 case and the finite fields are of even characteristics. The number of isomorphism classes is computed and the explicit formulae are given. This number can be represented as a polynomial in q of degree 7, where q is the order of the finite field. The result can be used in the classification problems and it is useful for further studies of hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems, e.g. it is of interest for research on implementing the arithmetics of curves of low genus for cryptographic purposes. It could also be of interest for point counting problems; both on moduli spaces of curves, and on finding the maximal number of points that a pointed hyperelliptic curve over a given finite field may have.     

On Principal Blocks of p-Constrained Groups

A theorem of K. W. Roggenkamp and L. L. Scott shows that fora finite group G with a normal p-subgroup containing its owncentralizer, any two group bases of the integral group ringZG are conjugate in the units of Z_pG. Though the theorem presentsitself in the work of others and appears to be needed, thereis no published account. There seems to be a flaw in the proof,because a ‘theorem’ appearing in the survey [K.W. Roggenkamp, ‘The isomorphism problem for integral grouprings of finite groups’, Progress in Mathematics 95 (Birkhäuser,Basel, 1991), pp. 193--220], where the main ingredients of aproof are given, is false. In this paper, it is shown how toclose this gap, at least if one is only interested in the conclusionmentioned above. Therefore, some consequences of the resultsof A. Weiss on permutation modules are stated. The basic stepsof which any proof should consist are discussed in some detail.In doing so, a complete, yet short, proof of the theorem isgiven in the case that G has a normal Sylow p-subgroup. 2000Mathematical Subject Classification: primary 16U60; secondary20C05.     

Large Free Algebras in the Ring of Fractions of Skew Polynomial Rings

It is shown that the division ring of quotients of a skew polynomialring of automorphism type, if infinite-dimensional over itscentre k and satisfying suitable hypotheses, contains the groupalgebra of a free group of large rank (usually at least |k|).The result applies, in particular, to the skew polynomial ringsconstructed from rational function fields, and affirmativelysettles the conjectures of Makar–Limanov and Lichtmanin this case.     

Restricted addition in Z/nZ and an Application to the Erdos-Ginzburg-Ziv Problem

Some elementary results are given on restricted sums 2A and3A of a subset AZ/nZ in the case when the cardinality of A,is close to n/2. In the last section, some of these resultsare used to derive some new values of a function related tothe Erds–Ginzburg–Ziv problem.     

Isomorphism classes of elliptic and hyperelliptic curves over finite fields

We give the number and representatives of isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves of genus g defined over finite fields , g=1,2,3. These results have applications to hyperelliptic curve cryptography.