The diffuse sound field in energetic analysis

Measuring the degree of diffuseness of a sound field is crucial in many modern parametric spatial audio techniques. In these applications, intensity-based diffuseness estimators are particularly convenient, as the sound intensity can also be used to obtain, e.g., the direction of arrival of the sound. This contribution reviews different diffuseness estimators comparing them under the conditions found in practice, i.e., with arrays of noisy microphones and with the expectation operators substituted by finite temporal averages. The estimators show a similar performance, however, each with specific advantages and disadvantages depending on the scenario. Furthermore, the paper derives an estimator and highlights the possibility of using spatial averaging to improve the temporal resolution of the estimates.     

基于声压场描述的扩散声场多自由度互易原理研究

应用于复杂结构中频声振分析的扩散场多自由度互易原理采用位移变量描述系统,实质为弹性波场互易原理,应用于声波场时会造成模型自由度数不必要的增加。建立基于声压描述的扩散声场受挡模型,利用声辐射模态描述扩散声场中结构的表面受挡声压;据此提出基于声压描述的扩散声场多自由度互易原理,发现扩散声场中结构表面受挡声压的互谱矩阵与该结构在自由空间中振动辐射声波的声阻矩阵成正比。该互易原理与传统的单自由度互易原理表达形式相似,但适用于任意自由度结构。该互易原理可用于扩散声场中复杂结构的表面受挡声压的自谱及相关分析,仿真研究表明当边界元网格尺寸小于声波波长的1/6(线性单元)或1/3(二次单元)时,数值解与理论解完全吻合。     

Relation between sound transfer function from diffuse sound field to the eardrum and temporary threshold shift

1IntroductionErposuretohazardousnoseleadstodecreaseinhearingsensitivityinthefrequencyrangeof3KHzto6kHz.Gerhardtetal.(1987)[']haddenotedthatregardlessofthenoisesource,damageboicallyoccurstosensorycellsresponsibleforcodingsuchfrequencyrange.Ingeneral,therisproIninlitnotchat4kHzwithsuccessivesmallerTTSat6kHz,3kHz,2kHz,1kHzando.5kHz[z].AsRodriguzandGerhardt[3]stated,onefactorthatmaywhuencethepatternandmaghtudeofnoiseinducedhearingloss(NIHL)istheouterearresonanceproperties.Apparatlytheouter…     

一种预测扩散声场在非规则形状刚性壁面附近干涉图样的方法

扩散声场会在反射边界附近形成干涉图样,研究方法包括平面波模型、简正模态分析、渐进模态分析等,但仅适用于尺度远大于声波波长的矩形声腔。提出一种预测扩散声场在非规则刚性壁面结构附近形成的干涉图样的数值方法,表明结构附近“受挡”声压的互谱矩阵取决于:(1)假定该结构在自由空间中振动辐射声音时其表面法向振速到表面及场点声压的边界元系数矩阵;(2)假定结构置于自由空间中且表面刚性时,点声源辐射声波入射到结构表面上产生的散射声场的边界元系数矩阵;(3)扩散声场均方声压。仿真表明,该途径预测的干涉图样与理论值完全吻合。该预测方法还可用于混响环境下声源附近直达声压均方值的空间分布估计,为混响环境下设备的声源定位提供帮助。     

Spatial correlation of the sound field in an ocean shelf zone

The spatial correlation of explosive signals received by hydrophones lying on the bottom of a shelf zone is studied as a function of the length of the propagation path. The correlation coefficient is found to exhibit quasi-periodic variations with increasing distance to the explosive source of sound. It is shown that the value of the correlation coefficient noticeably increases and its periodic variations practically disappear when the measurements are performed for the signals arriving by individual rays or narrow ray bundles. The low efficiency of a linear horizontal receiving array is pointed out.     

Numerical calculation of the correlation moments of the sound field scattered by a rough surface

Numerically calculated two-dimensional correlation moments of the surface-scattered sound field are presented in the form of correlation surfaces and analyzed. The models of three-dimensional anisotropic and two-dimensional quasi-harmonic surface waves are considered. Data are presented on the angular dependence of the space-time correlation domains of the scattered sound field for receivers spaced across the propagation path in both horizontal and vertical directions, as well as on the shapes of the time-frequency and space-frequency correlation domains.     

论室内声场

室内声场的经典理论中只有简正波(混响声)而缺乏直达声,这不符合实际。实际上声源具有二重作用,或说声源的作用有两项功能。一是声源按自由空间辐射声波,只要不遇到室的墙壁、边界,就不会改变。自由辐射达到任一边界后,就逐渐失去其球面波的特性,成为被反射为壁面上的一系列小波,时间、空间、方向都是无规分布,但是小波的来源都可推到声源上,这是第二功能。这些小波继续传播、反射,最后形成室内允许的驻波,这些就是简正波了。所以声源既是直达声波的声源,又是室内驻波的声源。据此可改正室内声波方程,解出室内声场,包括直达声波和简正波,并求得直达声和混响声的关系。声衰变过程的特性。声衰变中,稳态声中的直达声不会立刻停止,其后果值得注意。     

声场空间相关对基于子空间的高分辨率空间谱估计的影响

分析了海洋波导中阵列各阵元接收信号相关起伏情况下,基于平面波假设的目标方位估计方法面临的问题。对于窄带均匀直线阵,利用共轭对称Toeplitz矩阵的性质,分析了由于海洋波导中声场相关弓l起的目标“分裂”现象,即阵列接收到的信号可以分解为若干个平面波入射信号迭加的形式。进一步分析了目标“分裂”导致真实目标个数估计困难,基于特征分解的高分辨率空间谱可能会出现虚假谱峰的现象。     

声场中负声强探讨

本文在分析声场声能量分布的基础上,应用声线的概念,由此对声场中的负声强作出了几何解释。并根据有功声强的有旋性质,揭示了声场中产生负声强的机理。产生负声强的振源为有功声强的有旋分量。     

声场分布中的负向声强

本文讨论了相距很近的两个点声源的声强分布,发现位于声源之上的平面法向声强在某些区域为负向声强。对纸盆扬声器声场的实测结果也显示出与理论计算相符的负向声强。本文的理论计算及实际测量结果对负向声强的传统解释增加了新的内容。     

Correlation structure of the sound field produced in a deep ocean by a near-surface sound source

Experimental data obtained by studying the sound field produced in the first and second convergence zones by an omnidirectional pseudonoise source operating in the kilohertz frequency range at a depth of ～10 m are presented. The measurements of the cross correlation and the time spectra are performed for the signals received from different directions in the vertical plane by one narrow-beam, 40-m array and by two such arrays with the array centers positioned at different depths (200 and 450 m). The results of the experiments show that, for the signals arriving over different ray paths, the cross-correlation coefficients and the fluctuations of the time spectra obtained by using the reception at one depth and at two different depths are practically identical.     

Partial field decomposition of multi-source cyclostationary sound field

The cyclostationary sound field is a kind of special non-stationary field which has obvious modulation phenomena. Conventional planar near-field acoustic holography (PNAH) technique cannot exactly reflect its modulation characteristics. If the cyclic spectral density (CSD) instead of the complex sound pressure is adopted as the reconstruction variable, the modulating wave and carrier wave components of the cyclostationary sound field can be extracted effectively. A new technique called cyclostationary PNAH utilizing the CSD is proposed in this paper. Based on this technique, the problem of partial field decomposition by singular value decomposition (SVD) of multiple incoherent cyclostationary sound sources is researched. The results of numerical simulation and experiments show that the CPNAH technique and SVD decomposition method are effective.     

Study of demagnetizing field induced by a sound wave

The dynamic demagnetizing factor N _d used to describe perturbation of magnetization of a magnetic fluid by a sound wave has been studied. Experimental N _d values obtained according to the proposed methodology have been compared with the results of a model theory based on the approximating function for bodies of cylindrical shape and oblate ellipsoids of rotation.