Perturbative Power Counting,Lowest-Index Operators and Their Renormalization in Standard Model Effective Field Theory

We study two aspects of higher dimensional operators in standard model effective field theory.We first introduce a perturbative power counting rule for the entries in the anomalous dimension matrix of operators with equal mass dimension.The power counting is determined by the number of loops and the difference of the indices of the two operators involved,which in turn is defined by assuming that all terms in the standard model Lagrangian have an equal perturbative power.Then we show that the operators with the lowest index are unique at each mass dimension d,i.e.,(H~?H)~(d/2)for even d≥4,and(L~TεH)C(L~TεH)~T(H~?H)~((d-5)/2)for odd d≥5.Here H,L are the Higgs and lepton doublet,andε,C the antisymmetric matrix of rank two and the charge conjugation matrix,respectively.The renormalization group running of these operators can be studied separately from other operators of equal mass dimension at the leading order in power counting.We compute their anomalous dimensions at one loop for general d and find that they are enhanced quadratically in d due to combinatorics.We also make connections with classification of operators in terms of their holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights.     

Discriminating the HTM and MLRSM models in collider studies via doubly charged Higgs boson pair production and the subsequent leptonic decays

We present a case study for the doubly charged Higgs boson H~(±±) pair production in e~+e~-and pp colliders with their subsequent decays to four charged leptons.We consider the Higgs Triplet Model(HTM),which is not restricted by the custodial symmetry,and the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model(MLRSM).These models include scalar triplets with different complexities of scalar potentials and,because of experimental restrictions,completely different scales of non-standard triplet vacuum expectation values.In both models,a doubly charged Higgs boson H~(±±) can acquire a mass of hundreds of gigaelectronvolts,which can be probed at the HL-LHC,future e~+e~-,and hadron colliders.We take into account a comprehensive set of constraints on the parameters of both models coming from neutrino oscillations,LHC,e~+e~-,and low-energy lepton flavor violating data and assume the same mass of H~(±±).Our finding is that the H~(±±) pair production in lepton and hadron colliders is comparable in both models,though more pronounced in the MLRSM.We show that the decay branching ratios can be different within both models,leading to distinguishable four-lepton signals,and that the strongest are 4μ events yielded by the MLRSM.Typically,we find that the MLRSM signals are one order of magnitude larger those in the HTM.For example,the pp→ 4μMLRSM signal for 1 TeV H~(±±) mass results in a clearly detectable significance of S■11 for the HL-LHC and S■290 for the FCC-hh.Finally,we provide quantitative predictions for the dilepton invariant mass distributions and lepton separations,which help to identify non-standard signals.     

Same-Sign Dilepton Signature in the Inert Doublet Model

In this study,we perform a detailed analysis on the same-sign dilepton signature in the inert doublet model.Focusing on the low dark matter mass region,we randomly scan the corresponding parameter space.Viable samples allowed by various constraints are obtained,and among them are twenty benchmark points that are selected for further study on collider signature.At hadron colliders,the same-sign dilepton signature is produced via pp→W~(±*)W~(±*)jj→H~±H~±jj with the leptonic decay mode H~±→HW~±(→l~±v),where H represents the dark matter candidate.We investigate the testability of this signal at the high-luminosity LHC(HL-LHC) and the proposed 27 TeV high-energy LHC(HE-LHC).According to our simulation,the HL-LHC with L=3 ab~(-1) can barely probe this signal.Meanwhile,for the HE-LHC with L=15 ab~(-1),it is promising to obtain a 5σ significance when ■ with dark matter mass m_H～60 or 71 GeV.     

A Gaussian Model for Anisotropic Strange Quark Stars

For studying the anisotropic strange quark stars,we assume that the radial pressure inside an anisotropic star can be obtained simply by isotropic pressure plus an additional Gaussian term with three free parameters(A,μand χ).According to recent observations,a pulsar in a mass range of 1.97±0.04M_⊙ has been measured.Hence,we take this opportunity to set the free parameters of our model.We fix χ by applying boundary and stability conditions and then search the A —μ parameter space for a maximum mass range of 1.9M_⊙ M_(max) 2.1M_⊙.Our results indicate that anisotropy increases the maximum mass M_(max) and also its corresponding radius R for a typical strange quark star.Furthermore,our model shows magnetic field and electric charge increase the anisotropy factor △.In fact,△ has a maximum on the surface and this maximum goes up in the presence of magnetic field and electric charge.Finally,we show that anisotropy can be more effective than either magnetic field or electric charge in raising maximum mass of strange quari stars.     

Mass of a short-range correlated nucleon

Nucleon properties and structure should be modified by short-range correlations(SRC) among nucleons.By analyzing SRC ratio data, we extract the mass of a nucleon in an SRC pair and the expected number of pn-SRC pairs in deuterium, under the assumption that the SRC nucleon mass is universal for different nuclei. The nucleon mass of a two-nucleon SRC pair is m_(SRC)= 852 ± 18 MeV, and the number of pn-SRC pairs in deuterium is ~(n~d)SRC=0.021 ± 0.005. The mass deficit of the strongly overlapping nucleon can be explained by the trace anomaly contribution to the mass in QCD or alternatively by the vacuum energy in the MIT bag model.     

Dibaryon Mass and Width Calculation with Tensor Interaction

The effect of tensor interaction due to gluon and Goldstone boson exchange on the dibaryon mass and decay width has been studied in the framework of the quark delocalization and colour screening model. The effective S-D wave transition interactions induced by gluon and Goldstone boson exchanges decrease quickly with the increasing channel strangeness, and there is no six-quark state in the light flavour world, which can become a bound one by the help of these tensor interactions, except for the deuteron. The K and η meson exchange effect has been shown to be negligible after a short-range truncation in this model approach. The partial D-wave decay widths, from the NΩ state to the AΞ final states of spins 0 and 1, are 20.7 keV and 63.1 keV respectively. This is a very narrow dibaryon resonance, that might be detected in the relativistic heavy ion reaction by the existing RHIC detectors through the reconstruction of the AΞ vertex mass and by the future COMPAS detector at CERNand the FAIR project in Germany.     

Numerical simulation of dispersion generated by a 180° turn in a microchannel

A numerical scheme is developed to simulate electro-osmotic flow and mass transport in a microchannel which includes a 180° turn. The model has been used to predict the behaviour of electro-osmotically driven flows. The detailed structure of the flow field in a microchannel in combination with species mass diffusion can explain the concentration dispersion introduced by a 180° turn. The results of our simulations agree both qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observation. It is demonstrated that an improved electro-osmotic force model could simulate the electrokinetically driven flow well without making detailed calculations of the electric charge density distribution within the electrical double layer. Additionally, because this model applies forces to the liquid as opposed to imposing local velocities, it should also be appropriate for use where pressure gradients exist in the flow field.     

Interactive visualization of 3D lunar model with texture and labels, using Chang’E-1 data

A lunar model with real texture can be obtained by mapping texture onto the lunar mesh,but the convergence in the polar regions of lunar model is a problem.In this paper,we build a 3D lunar model and solve this problem by texture partitioning and transforming.The whole lunar map is divided into four images and the polar images are transformed to circular textures before mapped to the semi-regular(SR) lunar mesh which is obtained through denoising,triangulating,subdividing and resampling the laser altimetry(LAM) data.Hundreds of lunar labels are classed into three levels and added gradually to the lunar model considering the distance between the viewpoint and the moon center.Through some techniques such as mip-map and view-dependent,the lunar model with textures and labels can be interactively browsed on a personal computer(PC) in real time.     

Lambda Hypernuclei in a Chiral Hadronic Model

Nuclear matter calculations in a chiral hadronic model have been performed. It has been found that the scalar and the vector potentials and binding energies per nucleon in the chiral hadronic model are very close to those of the microscopic relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations. The good results for finite nuclei can be obtained in the mean field approximation only if scalar mass rns and coupling constant g8 have been improved with the fixed values of c^28 = g^28(M/rn8)^2 as those given by the original parameter sets of the chiral hadronic model. Then the chiral hadronic model is extended to lambda hypernuclei. Our results predicted by the chiral hadronic model are compared with those by the nonlinear Walecka model. It has been shown that the hadronic model can also be used to describe lambda hypernuclei successfully.     

Connecting muon anomalous magnetic moment and multi-lepton anomalies at LHC

In a previous paper by several of the authors a number of predictions were made in a study pertaining to the anomalous production of multiple leptons at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC). Discrepancies in multi-lepton final states have become statistically compelling with the available Run 2 data. These could be connected with a heavy boson, H, which predominantly decays into a standard model Higgs boson, h, and a singlet scalar, S, where m H≈270 GeV and m_S≈150 GeV. These can then be embedded into a scenario where a two-Higgs-doublet is considered with an additional singlet scalar, 2HDM+S. The long-standing discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment,?a_μ, is interpreted in the context of the 2HDM+S type-II and type-X, along with additional fermionic degrees of freedom. The 2 HDM+S model alone, with constraints from the LHC data, does not seem to explain the ?a_μ anomaly.However, adding fermions with mass of order O(100) GeV can explain the discrepancy for sufficiently low values of fermion-scalar couplings.     

Modelling the spreading rate of controlled communicable epidemics through an entropy-based thermodynamic model

A model based on a thermodynamic approach is proposed for predicting the dynamics of communicable epidemics assumed to be governed by controlling eforts of multiple scales so that an entropy is associated with the system.All the epidemic details are factored into a single and time-dependent coefcient,the functional form of this coefcient is found through four constraints,including notably the existence of an inflexion point and a maximum.The model is solved to give a log-normal distribution for the spread rate,for which a Shannon entropy can be defined.The only parameter,that characterizes the width of the distribution function,is uniquely determined through maximizing the rate of entropy production.This entropy-based thermodynamic(EBT)model predicts the number of hospitalized cases with a reasonable accuracy for SARS in the year 2003.This EBT model can be of use for potential epidemics such as avian influenza and H7N9 in China.     

Proposed Space Test of the New Equivalence Principle with Rotating Extended Bodies

We propose a novel scheme for a space free-fall based test of the new equivalence principle （NEP） with two rotating extended bodies made of the same material. The measurement will be carried out by placing the two concentric spinning masses of very different momenta inside a differential electrostatic aceelerometer in a drag-free compensated orbit. A difference in the forces necessary to maintain the common trajectory will be an indication of a violation of equivalence or the existence of spin-spin force between the rotating mass and the Earth. The conceptual design of the inertial sensor and its operation mode is presented. Details specific to the model and performance requirements are discussed by using up-to-date space technologies to test the NEP with an accuracy of better than 10^-15.     

H∞ synchronization of chaotic neural networks with time-varying delays

In this paper,we investigate the problem of H∞ synchronization for chaotic neural networks with time-varying delays.A new model of the networks with disturbances in both master and slave systems is presented.By constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and using a reciprocally convex approach,a novel H∞ synchronization criterion for the networks concerned is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs)which can be easily solved by various effective optimization algorithms.Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Effect of transversal concentration gradient on H_2–O_2 cellular detonation

A two-dimensional detonation in H2–O2 system is simulated by a high-resolution code based on the fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO) scheme in the spatial discretization and the 3 th-order additive Runge–Kutta schemes in the time discretization, by using a detailed chemical model. The effect of a concentration gradient on cellular detonation is investigated. The results show that with the increase of the concentration gradient, the cell instability of detonation increases and gives rise to the oscillation of average detonation velocity. After a long time, for the case of the lower gradient the detonation can be sustained, with the multi-head mode and single-head mode alternating, while for the higher gradient it propagates with a single-head mode.     

A model for aerosol mass concentration using an optical particle counter

A model for measuring aerosol mass concentration by an optical particle counter is presented using the conception of the average mass. In this model, to understand the meaning of the pulse height distribution of particles which is used to inverse mass concentration, the relationship among intensity distribution in the optical sensing volume, particle shape, and the pulse height distribution is discussed. To solve the instability of the equivalent factor, a novel two-step calibration method is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that mass concentrations calculated by the model are in good agreement with those measured by a norm-referenced instrument. For samples of soot and air, the slopes of fitting lines of data points are 0.9582 and 0.9220, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9991 and 0.9965, respectively.     

A model for aerosol mass concentration using an optical particle counter

A model for measuring aerosol mass concentration by an optical particle counter is presented using the conception of the average mass.In this model,to understand the meaning of the pulse height distribution of particles which is used to inverse mass concentration,the relationship among intensity distribution in the optical sensing volume,particle shape,and the pulse height distribution is discussed.To solve the instability of the equivalent factor,a novel two-step calibration method is proposed.The experimental results demonstrate that mass concentrations calculated by the model are in good agreement with those measured by a norm-referenced instrument.For samples of soot and air,the slopes of fitting lines of data points are 0.9582 and 0.9220,and the correlation coefficients are 0.9991 and 0.9965,respectively.     

On the structure of isomeric state in neutron-rich 108Zr: A projected shell model analysis

Inspired by the recent experimental identification of the new isomer with a half-life of(620±150) ns in the very neutron-rich nucleus 108 Zr, we apply the projected shell model with axially-deformed bases to discuss possible shapes near the ground state and the nature of the isomer. The structure of the new isomer is investigated by restricting the calculation to prolate and oblate shapes. It is shown that the isomer can be understood as a K-isomer. Meanwhile, the calculation predicts more low-lying high-K configurations, which may be confirmed by future experiments.