The laws of relativistic thermodynamics: I. The macroscopic quantities

The physical quantities which occur in the laws of relativistic thermodynamics are defined as statistical expressions of relativistic kinetic theory. The role of the hydrodynamic velocity field is discussed.     

Symmetries of space-time,conservation laws and forbidden motion i: General discussion

The classical (first integral) methods of studying restrictions on the possible motion of gravitationally interacting bodies are reviewed. The simple and flexible inequality method is extended to a similar approach to the relationship between possible forbidden motion and (asymptotic) symmetries in the relativistic few-body problem. This extended method is used to reproduce the standard results of bounded motion for a test particle in a Schwarzschild geometry. The existence of bounded motion is shown for the general relativistic few-body problem and the difficulties in determining such bounded motion is analysed. The use of this approach to obtaining a relativistic alternative to the classical Roche lobe analysis in contact binaries is discussed.     

Nonlocal conserved quantities,balance laws,and equations of motion

A formalism is developed whereby balance laws are directly obtained from nonlocal (integrodifferential) linear second-order equations of motion for systems described by several dependent variables. These laws augment the equations of motion as further useful information about the physical system and, under certain conditions, are shown to reduce to conservation laws. The formalism can be applied to physical systems whose equations of motion may be relativistic and either classical or quantum. It is shown to facilitate obtaining global conservation laws for quantities which include energy and momentum. Applications of the formalism are given for a nonlocal Schrödinger equation and for a system of local relativistic equations of motion describing particles of arbitrary integral spin.     

平面火花隙三电极开关研制及性能测试

研制了一种适用于平行板传输连接的平面火花隙三电极开关，开关正负电极为半圆形状，触发电极为细条状。将之替代立体式（半球形电极）火花隙三电极开关并应用于爆炸箔起爆装置中，装置回路参数将得以优化。实验测试了空气间隙为4.12， 3.14和2.2 mm的平面火花隙三电极开关的性能。结果表明，在开关间隙间距一定的情况下，随着电压的升高，开关间隙的放电时延和分散时间呈指数降低，开关电感小于15 nH；对于不同范围内的应用电压，使用不同间隙间距的开关，其分散时间不大于10 ns。该开关应用于较低充电电压（小于10 kV）的脉冲功率装置中，与立体式火花隙三电极开关相比，回路电感降低了约50 nH，放电周期缩短近1/3，峰值电流增加约1/3。     

A set of the Lie symmetrical conservation laws for the rotational relativistic Birkhoffian system

For a rotational relativistic Birkhoffian system a set of the Lie symmetries and conservation laws is given under infinitesimal transformation. On the basis of the invariance of rotational relativistic Birkhoffian equations under infinitesimal transformations,Lie symmetrical transformations of the system are constructed, which only depend on the Birkhoffian variables. The determining equations of Lie symmetries are given, and a new type of non-noether conserved quantities are directly obtained from Lie symmetries of the system. An example given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Scaling laws in high-energy electron-nuclear scattering

The approximate scaling behavior suggested by recent measurements of electron scattering form factors and inelastic structure functions of few-body nuclei (mass 2, 3, 4) is discussed in a relativistic impulse approximation model. The model is a straightforward extension incorporating spin of a nucleon parton model introduced in recent works. We present results for electric and magnetic form factors as well as inelastic structure functions near threshold. The important corrections to scaling which are present in the preasymptotic regions are found to be well accounted for by the type of binding effects included in the phenomenologically constructed infinite-momentum frame nuclear wave functions. While predicted form factors are very sensitive to the parameters in the wave functions it does not appear possible to associate unambiguous dynamical meaning to these parameters. We find that spin effects bring significant and useful corrections.     

Conservation laws and thermodynamic equilibrium in the general relativistic kinetic theory of inelastically interacting particles

The macroscopic conservation laws and the conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium are obtained on the basis of the general relativistic kinetic theory of inelastically interacting particles formulated by the author.     

Anisotropic speed of light and four-dimensional symmetry of physical laws

We demonstrate that Earth's west-east motion will not be detected by a recently proposed laser experiment. Within the four-dimensional symmetry framework, there is anisotropy of the one-way speed of light when one uses clock systems which differ from the relativistic clock systems; however, the two-way speed of light is still isotropic.     

极端相对论快电子分布等离子体中横振荡色散关系

本文对各向同性极端相对论快电子呈幂律分布等离子体中横振荡色散关系进行了解析和数值研究.得到长波支和短波支色散关系的解析表达式.由于解析近似对波数的限制,无法得到全波数空间色散曲线,因此对色散方程进行了数值求解.研究表明,在满足长波支和短波支条件时,解析色散曲线与数值色散曲线完全符合.此外,利用多项式回归的方法对数值结果进行拟合,得到不同参数下快电子分布等离子体横振荡色散关系近似表达式,该结果为进一步研究快电子分布等离子体的性质提供了重要的理论依据. 关键词： 相对论性等离子体 快电子分布 色散关系 数值计算     

Scaling laws of electron acceleration driven by an intense laser pulse

We studied the scaling laws for slow-electron acceleration driven by an intense laser pulse in a vacuum, the ponderomotive acceleration scenario (PAS) scheme. With 3D test particle simulation by numerically solving the relativistic Lorentz–Newton equation of motion, the maximum electron energy gain was found to be proportional to the laser intensity (a₀), the laser beam width (w₀), and inversely proportional to the laser pulse duration (τ). Theoretical analyses and a physical explanation based on the ponderomotive potential model (PPM) are presented. PACS 42.50.Vk; 41.75.Jv; 42.60.Jf     

The Dirac-Oscillator Green's Function

We obtain the two-point Green's function for the relativistic Dirac oscillator problem. This is accomplished by setting up the relativistic problem in such a way that makes comparison with the nonrelativistic problem highly transparent and results in a map of the latter into the former. The relativistic bound states energy spectrum is obtained by locating the energy poles of this Green's function in a simple and straightforward manner.     

The Sagnac Phase Shift Suggested by the Aharonov-Bohm Effect for Relativistic Matter Beams

The phase shift due to the Sagnac Effect, for relativistic matter beams counter-propagating in a rotating interferometer, is deduced on the bases of a formal analogy with the Aharonov-Bohm effect. A procedure outlined by Sakurai, in which non relativistic quantum mechanics and Newtonian physics appear together with some intrinsically relativistic elements, is generalized to a fully relativistic context, using the Cattaneo's splitting technique. This approach leads to an exact derivation, in a self-consistently relativistic way, of the Sagnac effect. Sakurai's result is recovered in the first order approximation.     

The Relativistic Electrodynamics Least Action Principles Revisited: New Charged Point Particle and Hadronic String Models Analysis

The classical relativistic least action principle is revisited from the vacuum field theory approach. New physically motivated versions of relativistic Lorentz type forces are derived, a new relativistic hadronic string model is proposed and analyzed in detail. The reasonings of R. Feynman, who argued that the relativistic dynamical expressions obtain true physical sense only with respect to the proper rest reference frames, are supported by analyzing the dynamical stability of a relativistic charged string model.     

转动相对论Birkhoff约束系统积分不变量的构造

研究转动相对论Birkhoff约束系统积分不变量的构造首先,建立转动相对论系统的约束Birkhoff方程;其次,利用等时变分与非等时变分之间的关系建立系统的非等时变分方程;然后,研究转动相对论Birkhoff约束系统的第一积分与积分不变量之间的关系,证明由系统的一个第一积分可以构造一个积分不变量,并给出自由Birkhoff系统的相应结果;最后,讨论转动相对论Hamilton系统、相对论Birkhoff系统和Hamilton系统、经典转动系统和等时变分情形下的积分不变量的构造,结果表明相关的结论均为该定理的特款给出一个例子说明结果的应用 关键词： 转动相对论 Birkhoff系统 约束 第一积分 积分不变量     

Quantum mechanics as relativistic statistics. I: The two-particle case

It is shown that non-relativistic quantum mechanics can be treated as a kind of relativistic statistical theory, which describes the indeterministic motion of classical particles. The theory is relativistic in the sense that the relativistic notion of the state and two-time equations of motion are used. The principles and relations of quantum mechanics are obtained from the principles of statistics and those of classical mechanics.     

The Contribution of the Fourth Order Exchange Diagrams to The Relativistic Microscopic Optical Potential

The contribution of the fourth order exchange diagrams is first studied to the imaginary part of nucleon self-energy,the relativistic microscopic optical potential and the Schrodinger equivalent potential of the relativistic microscopic optical potential based on Walecka's meson-nucleon model.     

相对论重离子反应的热化过程

本文从相对论BUU理论出发研究了1GeV/n能区重离子反应全局(global)和局域(local)平衡性质,计算表明在该能区平均场对反应动力学过程仍有相当的作用;对有限核系统的反应动力学过程的时间演化的研究表明,有限核系统无论全局的还是局域的平衡均未能达到完全平衡,因而对有限核系统重离子反应基于完全热平衡概念的适用性值得怀疑.     

The First Principle Formula of the Relativistic Heat Conductivity of Coulomb Electronic Plasmas

Making use of the relativistic BBGKY technique,the relativistic generalization of Landau collision integral is botained.Furthermore,we calculate the relativistic hydrodynamic modes up to the second order in the hydrodynamic wave number.Combining Resibois‘ method,we present the first principle formula of the relativistic heat conductivity of Coulumb electronic plasmas for low-order corrections.     

Calculation of the properties of a self magnetic insulation wave in a vacuum transmission line on the basis of conservation laws

On the basis of the conservation laws for the energy and the z component of the momentum in a self magnetic insulation wave propagating in a vacuum transmission line, the relativistic factor γ_m corresponding to the voltage at the outer boundary of the electron sheath is found under the assumption that all electrons incident to the anode have identical energies and identical angles of incidence. The effect of energy losses in the precursor wave on basic properties of the self magnetic insulation wave is investigated.