Deformation of an Inviscid Magnetizable Liquid Drop in a Non-Stationary Magnetic Field

Fluid Dynamics - Variation in the shape of a magnetizable liquid drop suspended in another immiscible magnetizable liquid in the presence of a non-stationary uniform magnetic field is theoretically...     

Stability of a Falling Liquid Film with a Non-Equilibrium Adsorbed Sublayer of Soluble Surfactant

The hydrodynamic instability of a falling film of a dilute solution of a volatile surfactant is studied.The flow of the liquid-gas (vapor) two-phase three-component system is accompanied by surfactant mass transfer across the free surface and is described by a system of five evolutionary equations for five functions depending on time and a spatial coordinate. These functions are the thicknesses of the film and the diffusion boundary layer, the concentrations of the free surfactant and the bound surfactant in the adsorbed sublayer, and the fluid velocity on the film surface. The dispersion equation determining the eigenvalues and the corresponding instability modes is solved numerically in the space of ten free nondimensional governing parameters. Main attention is focused on examining the role of the parameters controlling the influence of the surfactant on the Marangoni effect and the film instability at finite adsorption-desorption rates.     

Effect of Convection on Formation of Adsorbed Surfactant Film under Dynamic Change of Solution Surface Area

The dynamics of the formation of a surface phase in aqueous solutions of surfactants in a tray with the Langmuir barrier system during one compression–expansion cycle of the interface boundary is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Organic salts of fatty acids such as potassium laurate, caprylate, and acetate, which are members of the same homologous series, were used as surfactants. It is experimentally determined that the dependence of the surface pressure increment measured under the maximum compression of the surface on the volume concentration has a maximum, the position of which is different for all the studied surfactant solutions. It is shown that the position of the maximum corresponds to the concentration value at which a saturated monolayer of surfactant molecules is formed at the interface boundary. A theoretical model that considers the effect of the forced convection arisen in the bulk of the solution upon changing the surface area is proposed for the interpretation of the experimental results. The model allows one to render the main kinetic characteristics of the adsorption/desorption processes involving the compounds under study. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is observed, but there is a discrepancy between them when diffusion is considered to be the only way surfactant molecules are transferred into the bulk phase. Based on the data, a new method for determination of the Langmuir–Shishkovsky constant is proposed.     

A Variational Model of Disjoining Pressure: Liquid Film on a Nonplanar Surface

Variational methods have been successfully used in modelling thin liquid films in numerous theoretical studies of wettability. In this article, the variational model of the disjoining pressure is extended to the general case of a two-dimensional solid surface. The Helmholtz free energy functional depends both on the disjoining pressure isotherm and on the shape of the solid surface. The augmented Young–Laplace equation (AYLE) is a nonlinear second-order partial differential equation. A number of solutions describing wetting films on spherical grains have been obtained. In the case of cylindrical films, the phase portrait technique describes the entire variety of mathematically feasible solutions. It turns out that a periodic solution, which would describe wave-like wetting films, does not satisfy Jacobi’s condition of the classical calculus of variations. Therefore, such a solution is nonphysical. The roughness of the solid surface significantly affects liquid film stability. AYLE solutions suggest that film rupture is more likely at a location where the pore-wall surface is most exposed into the pore space, and the curvature is positive.     

Stability of a Liquid Film Flowing Down an Oscillating Inclined Surface

The stability of flow of a liquid film along an inclined plate subject to periodic oscillations under the action of the gravity force is investigated with allowance for the surface tension. An equation of the Orr-Sommerfeld type with time-periodic coefficients is used. A method for determining the eigenvalues of the linear stability problem is developed on the basis of Floquet theory, spectral representation of the variables, and multistep methods of integration of ordinary differential equations. The bifurcation spectrum of the resonance modes is investigated, and the amplification coefficients and phase velocities are calculated for the surface waves, Tollmien-Schlichting waves, and resonance waves. The influence of external parameters, namely, the inclination, the surface tension, and the layer thickness, on the resonance modes and the steady-state flow modes is studied.     

Towards the Problem of Instability of a Falling Viscous-Liquid Film with a Dissolved Surfactant

The linear stability of a viscous-liquid film with a dissolved surfactant, flowing down a vertical surface, is investigated. The model employed takes into account the surfactant diffusion, adsorption-desorption, and evaporation. Three kinds of unstable disturbances are calculated and the limits of their existence in the space of the governing parameters determining the mathematical model of the flow are studied.     

Motion of a Circular Cylinder in a Vibrating Liquid

The motion of a circular cylinder under gravity in an ideal liquid bounded from the outside by a vibrating wall is determined using numerical methods.     

可降解性表面活性剂体系下水平管内气液两相螺旋流实验研究

通过气液两相螺旋流实验仪器,研究具有可降解性的天然椰子油新型添加剂对于气液两相螺旋流流型影响以及流型的转变规律,并与表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)进行对比研究。实验工况设定为:实验介质为空气和水,含气率10%~90%,气相折算速度0.01~4.0m/s,液相折算速度0.01~4.0m/s,表面活性剂采用从植物提取的可降解性椰子油和SDBS,起旋装置为叶轮。实验观察到天然椰子油对于螺旋轴状流、螺旋团状流、螺旋弥散流转换特性的影响与SDBS的效果相类似,该三种流型发生条件相比于以往都有所提前,且存在范围被拓宽。浓度为500ppm时椰子油体系下的主要流型为螺旋弥散流,而SDBS体系下则以螺旋团状流为主。     

Non-Darcy Free Convection Along a Horizontal Heated Surface

In this paper we analyse how the presence of inertia (Forchheimerform-drag) affects the steady free convective boundary layer flow over anupward-facing horizontal surface embedded in a porous medium. The surfacetemperature is assumed to display a power-law variation,x ⁿ with distance from the leading edge, x. It is shown thatthere are three distinct cases to consider: n<0.5, n=0.5 and0.5相似文献   

饱和下降液膜的稳定性研究

通过简化表面张力、蒸汽压力和液膜波动之间的关系,用线性理论分析了饱和液膜在等温竖壁上的流动稳定性,讨论了雷诺数、波数、壁面和液膜温差及流体物性变化的影响。     

Hydraulic Resistance of a Pipe with a Surface Film

The results of a laboratory investigation of the effect of a liquid film covering the inner surface of a circular gas pipe on its hydraulic resistance are given. The problems of the similarity of liquid film flows are considered. It is shown that the liquid film increases the resistance of a hydraulically smooth pipe but can reduce that of a rough pipe due to the decrease in the equivalent roughness.     

表面效应影响的弹性条带状薄膜非线性尺寸相关屈曲行为

本文在非线性Von Karman板理论基础上,通过引入表面弹性研究了弹性条带状薄膜在简单支撑条件下的非线性尺度相关屈曲行为.按照Mindlin 假设,用Hamilton变分原理导出带有表面效应影响的一般控制方程及非经典边界条件,同时引入了非零的正应力和大变形的影响.得到了平面应变情况下简单支撑薄膜的屈曲行为和准确解,并详细阐明了归因于表面效应的薄膜尺寸相关屈曲行为.     

Mixed Convection on a Horizontal Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium: the Structure of a Singularity

The mixed convection boundary-layer flow on a horizontal impermeable surface embedded in a saturated porous medium and driven by a local heat source is considered. Similarity solutions are obtained for specific outer flow variations and these are shown to have a solution only for parameter values greater than some critical value. When this is not the case the solution develops a singularity at a finite distance from the leading edge. The nature of this singularity is also discussed.     

稀土元素对镍基喷焊合金层摩擦表面形成氧化物膜的影响

稀土元素能够有效地改善镍基喷焊合金层的组织，提高其耐磨性和承载能力．为了弄清稀土元素在镍基喷焊合金层中的作用机理，利用Ｘ射线光电子能谱仪、俄歇电子能谱仪和二次离子质谱仪等现代分析设备，就稀土元素对镍基喷焊合金层摩擦表面形成氧化物膜的影响进行了试验研究与分析．结果表明，添加稀土元素能够明显增大喷焊合金层摩擦表面氧化物膜的厚度，并在氧化物膜与基体之间产生富集，这对提高喷焊合金层与基体的结合强度，改善喷焊合金层的耐磨性和承载能力都有重要作用     

液膜润滑机械端面密封流体动压沟槽侧壁效应研究

针对非接触机械密封端面开槽后所出现的膜厚不连续处存在的侧壁效应,在沟槽边界处将广义伯努利方程引入传统润滑方程,建立了考虑动压沟槽侧壁效应的液膜润滑螺旋槽端面机械密封数值分析模型. 采用有限单元法结合拉格朗日乘子法求解润滑方程,研究了不同螺旋槽几何参数和工况条件下沟槽侧壁效应对密封性能的影响. 结果表明:数值模型可方便捕捉沟槽边界处的压力跃变,侧壁效应在不同螺旋槽深度下表现出截然不同的影响规律,高转速、大螺旋角和小密封间隙下动压沟槽的侧壁效应较为显著. 理论模型和计算方法可为超高速工况螺旋槽机械密封的设计和局部惯性效应的研究提供指导.      

Effect of Nonlinear Stiffness on the Motion of a Flexible Pendulum

In this paper, we study the effect of a harmonicforcing function and the strength of a nonlinearityon a two-degrees-of-freedom system namely, an elasticpendulum, with internal resonance (for examplenonlinearly elastic springs). The equations can alsobe used to model the coupling between a ship's pitchand roll. The system considered here is modeled by amass hanging from a spring that is pinned at one endto the ground. The mass is free to move in the radialdirection, is also free to rotate about the pin joint, and subject to a periodic forcing function. Theforcing function used in this paper is in thetangential direction. The amplitude of the forcingfunction is used here as the control parameter and thesystem's dynamics are studied through the variation ofthis parameter.The first part of the paper is dedicatedto establishing the route by which the motion of thesystem goes from a periodic attractor to a chaoticattractor. It was found that the route to chaos alwaysbegins with a secondary Hopf bifurcation followed byconsecutive torus-doubling bifurcations, ending withtorus breaking.A comparison was also made between the use of a linear spring, a weakly nonlinear spring, and astrongly nonlinear spring.This comparison showed that althoughthe route to chaos was not altered, the bifurcationsleading to chaos and the chaotic motion itselfoccurred at different frequency regimes. We observedthat the nonlinearity could aid the stabilizationof the periodicattractor beyond the previously seenthreshold of instability. Yet, if the strength of thenonlinearity is sufficiently large, it can lead tochaos in frequency regimes where chaos was notobserved previously. The strongly nonlinear systemshowed chaotic behavior for frequency regimes thatdisplayed only periodic motion for both the linearsystem and the weakly nonlinear system. The route tochaos for these frequency ranges was also found to bedifferent from that previously studied. This leads usto the hypothesis that chaos in this range was due tothe nonlinearity of the spring and not the coupling effect.     

表面特性对纯滑弹流油膜形状和摩擦力的影响的试验研究

针对界面滑移效应可能产生较低的摩擦力,采用具有不同表面浸润性的玻璃盘,进行了纯滑弹流润滑试验.在采用SiO2镀膜玻璃盘的球-盘接触高聚物纯滑润滑试验中,从弹流到动压润滑的摩擦系数曲线呈现不同于传统Stribeck曲线的两个拐点.两个拐点分别与凹陷出现及弹性变形消失相关联.在较低载荷下,不同盘表面产生相近的干涉图像和摩擦系数曲线,高聚物的非牛顿效应产生的表观滑移可能是入口凹陷及非典型摩擦系数曲线的主因;在较高载荷下,盘滑试验中铬盘产生的摩擦系数和油膜厚度均较SiO2盘低,具有较低表面能的铬盘产生的界面滑移被认为是产生较低摩擦系数的主因.     

Hamiltonian Formulation for the Motion of a Two-Fluid System with Free Surface

In this work, a theoretical investigation is performed on modeling interfacial and surface waves in a layered fluid system. The physical system consists of two immiscible liquid layers of different densities ₁ > ₂ with an interfacial surface and a free surface, inside a prismatic-section tank. On the basis of the potential formulation of the fluid motion, we derive a nonlinear system of partial differential equations using the Hamiltonian formulation for irrotational flow of the two fluids of different density subject to conservative force. As a consequence of the assumption of potential velocity, the dynamics of the system can be described in terms of variables evaluated only at the boundary of the fluid system, namely the separation surface and the free surface. This Hamiltonian formulation enables one to define the evolution equations of the system in a canonical form by using the functional derivatives.     

水平均流中细管排放气泡的三维数值模拟

在液体为无粘不可压，流动有势和气体遵循完全气体绝热关系的假定下，本文应用边界积分方程方法数值模拟了水平均流中垂直细管排放气泡的三维动力学问题，边界采用高阶有限元表达。文中介绍了有关泡面法向矢量、切向速度、曲率和接触线等的计算技术。与已知解的比较，表明了这一数值方法的高精度和优越性。算例显示了水平均流对于气泡形状和体积的影响