Metastable phase separation and rapid solidification of undercooled Co_(40)Fe_(40)Cu_(20) alloy

The metastable liquid phase separation and rapid solidification behaviors of Co_(40) Fe_(40) Cu_(20) alloy were investigated by using differential thermal analysis(DTA) in combination with glass fluxing and electromagnetic levitation(EML) techniques. The critical liquid phase separation undercooling for this alloy was determined by DTA to be 174 K. Macrosegregation morphologies are formed in the bulk samples processed by both DTA and EML. It is revealed that undercooling level, cooling rate, convection, and surface tension difference between the two separated phases play a dominant role in the coalescence and segregation of the separated phases. The growth velocity of the(Fe,Co) dendrite has been measured as a function of undercooling up to 275 K. The temperature rise resulting from recalescence increases linearly with the increase of undercooling because of the enhancement of recalescence. The slope change of the recalescence temperature rise versus undercooling at the critical undercooling also implies the occurrence of liquid demixing.     

Thermochromic transitions in poly(di-n-hexylsilane) films

The spectra of absorption (77–398 K) and luminescence (5 K) of poly(di-n-hexylsilane) films are studied in relation to the heating of the films above the phase transition temperature. Two new absorption bands in the region of the band of the gauche conformation are found. The position and intensity of these bands depend on the annealing temperature, annealing regime, and sample thickness. These bands are assumed to be associated with the appearance of a liquid crystalline phase in the polymer, which is determined by intermolecular interactions between neighboring polymer chains. The appearance of the liquid crystalline phase in the heat-treated polymer films is confirmed by the increase in their birefringence in comparison with the birefringence of the initial films and by the observation of a stable orientation of an E 7 nematic liquid crystal applied to the surface of an annealed sample. In addition, the absorption spectra of the films cooled after the annealing exhibit many new bands in comparison with the spectra of the initial samples. These bands are associated with the appearance in the polymer of defect states and longer segments as a result of orientation of polymer chains. The appearance of longer segments is consistent with the observation of a long-wavelength band in the luminescence spectra of the annealed samples.     

Field-induced order-disorder transition in antiferromagnetic BaCo(2)V(2)O(8) driven by a softening of spinon excitation

High field magnetization and ESR measurements on the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnet BaCo(2)V(2)O(8) have been performed in magnetic fields up to 50 T along the chain. The experimental results are explained well in terms of a 1D S=1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ model in longitudinal fields. We show that the quantum phase transition from the Néel ordered phase to the spin liquid one in the model is responsible for a peculiar order to disorder transition in BaCo(2)V(2)O(8).     

Phase II of Poly(2,6-oxynaphthoate)

The bulk melt polycondensation of 2,6-acetoxynaphthoic acid [poly (2,6-oxynaphthoate) (P-ON)] at temperatures below 250°C made it possible to prepare P-ON samples with phase II content approaching 100%. The structure, morphology, and melting behavior of P-ON phase II are described and compared with a similar liquid crystal polyester, poly (p-oxybenzoate).     

Ultrasonic investigations of N- (p-n-pentyloxybenzylidene) p-n-butylaniline

The ultrasonic velocity in N-(p-n-pentyloxybenzylidene) p-n-butylaniline is measured as a function of temperature from the isotropic liquid phase to the smectic G phase. A mixed smectic phase (S_AG) for a temperature interval of 2°C is reported. The derived parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β_ad). Rao number (R_n) and molar compressibility (B) are also reported.     

Mott transition from a spin liquid to a Fermi liquid in the spin-frustrated organic conductor kappa-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3

The pressure-temperature phase diagram of the organic Mott insulator kappa-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3, a model system of the spin liquid on triangular lattice, has been investigated by 1H NMR and resistivity measurements. The spin-liquid phase is persistent before the Mott transition to the metal or superconducting phase under pressure. At the Mott transition, the spin fluctuations are rapidly suppressed and the Fermi-liquid features are observed in the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate and resistivity. The characteristic curvature of the Mott boundary in the phase diagram highlights a crucial effect of the spin frustration on the Mott transition.     

Quantum melting of the quasi-two-dimensional vortex lattice in kappa- (ET)2Cu(NCS)(2)

We report torque magnetization measurements in regions of the mixed state phase diagram ( B approximately mu(o)H(c2) and T(c)/10(3)) of the organic superconductor kappa-(ET)2Cu(NCS)(2), where quantum fluctuations are expected to dominate thermal effects. Over most of the field range below the irreversibility line ( B(irr)), magnetothermal instabilities are observed in the form of flux jumps. The abrupt cessation of these instabilities just below B(irr) indicates a quantum melting transition from a quasi-two-dimensional vortex lattice phase to a quantum liquid phase.     

Electro-optical properties and(E,F) phase diagram of fluorinated chiral smectic liquid crystals

Fluorinated smectic liquid crystals each with a biphenyl benzoate rigid core are investigated. Molecular structures of the studied compounds have difference only in fluorine position and the length of the carbon chain. Dielectric relaxation study and electro-optical measurements are carried out with the classical SSFLC geometry. The field-induced phase transitions are studied and the(E,T) phase diagram is established.     

Dry Powder Precursors of Cubic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles (cubosomes)

Cubosomes are dispersed nanostructured particles of cubic phase liquid crystal that have stimulated significant research interest because of their potential for application in controlled-release and drug delivery. Despite the interest, cubosomes can be difficult to fabricate and stabilize with current methods. Most of the current work is limited to liquid phase processes involving high shear dispersion of bulk cubic liquid crystalline material into sub-micron particles, limiting application flexibility. In this work, two types of dry powder cubosome precursors are produced by spray-drying: (1) starch-encapsulated monoolein is produced by spray-drying a dispersion of cubic liquid crystalline particles in an aqueous starch solution and (2) dextran-encapsulated monoolein is produced by spray-drying an emulsion formed by the ethanol–dextran–monoolein–water system. The encapsulants are used to decrease powder cohesion during drying and to act as a soluble colloidal stabilizer upon hydration of the powders. Both powders are shown to form (on average) 0.6m colloidally-stable cubosomes upon addition to water. However, the starch powders have a broader particle size distribution than the dextran powders because of the relative ease of spraying emulsions versus dispersions. The developed processes enable the production of nanostructured cubosomes by end-users rather than just specialized researchers and allow tailoring of the surface state of the cubosomes for broader application.     

Fermi-liquid ground state in the n-type Pr(0.91)LaCe(0.09)CuO(4-y) copper-oxide superconductor

We report nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the low-doped n-type copper-oxide Pr(0.91)LaCe(0.09)CuO(4-y) (T(c)=24 K) in the superconducting state and in the normal state uncovered by the application of a strong magnetic field. We find that when the superconductivity is removed the underlying ground state is the Fermi liquid state. This result is at variance with that inferred from previous thermal conductivity measurement and appears to contrast with that in p-type copper oxides with a similar doping level where high-T(c) superconductivity sets in within the pseudogap phase. The data in the superconducting state are consistent with the line-node gap model.     

C60掺杂向列相液晶中光栅衍射选择性的分析

利用琼斯矩阵(Jones matrix) 方法对C60掺杂向列相液晶中光栅衍射选择性进行分析.给出两束p 偏振光在液晶样品中产生相位全息光栅的透射矩阵,通过探测光的矢量和光栅透射矩阵的琼斯矩阵运算,可以探测衍射光束的偏振态与入射光偏振态的关系.分析发现对于p 偏振的探测光,透射光和正、负一阶衍射光的偏振态均为p 偏振,且正、负一阶衍射效率相同;对于s 偏振的探测光只有透射光存在,可见记录的相位光栅表现出光栅衍射的选择性.     

SU(2) gauge theory of the Hubbard model: emergence of an anomalous metallic phase near the Mott critical point

We propose one possible mechanism for an anomalous metallic phase appearing frequently in two spatial dimensions, that is, local pairing fluctuations. Introducing a pair-rotor representation to decompose bare electrons into collective pairing excitations and renormalized electrons, we derive an SU(2) gauge theory of the Hubbard model as an extended version of its U(1) gauge theory. Since our effective SU(2) gauge theory admits two kinds of collective bosons corresponding to pair excitations and density fluctuations, respectively, an intermediate phase appears naturally between the spin liquid Mott insulator and Fermi liquid metal of the U(1) gauge theory, characterized by softening of density-fluctuation modes as the Fermi liquid, but gapping of pair-excitation modes. We show that this intermediate phase is identified with an anomalous metallic phase because there are no electronlike quasiparticles although it is metallic.     

物理系统的稳定性与双稳现象(Ⅰ)

以力学系统（非线性振动），热力学系统（气液相变与铁磁相变）及光学系统中的几种双稳现象为实例，采用初等方法阐明系统的稳定性与双稳的基本原理。     

Surface density oscillations in disordered binary alloys: X-ray reflectivity study of Cu3Au(001)

3 Au(001) surface using Synchrotron radiation and show that the intensity distribution along the specular rod exhibits the same features as in the case of liquid metals which has been discussed in recent literature. The results are discussed within the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation which allows a straightforward easy-to-apply scheme to analyze such reflectivity data in the entire -range including the total external reflection regime. The data analysis gives a direct evidence for an oscillating average density profile which is analoguous to the socalled surface layering at liquid surfaces. The experimental values for the thermal roughness indicate that surface roughness is suppressed in the ordered phase and allowed to softly grow with temperature above the bulk order-disorder phase transition. The presented experimental and theoretical study of X-ray reflectivity from binary alloys demonstrates the potential of this technique for the study of surface roughening, surface layering and surface segregation phenomena at solid and liquid surfaces. Received: 14 August 1996/Accepted: 7 October 1996     

Dielectric relaxation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis>-4-propyl-(4-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane liquid crystals

The frequency dependences of the permittivity of a trans-4-propyl-(4-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (3PCH) liquid crystal in the nematic phase are measured in the frequency range 1–2000 MHz for different orientations of the director of liquid-crystal molecules with respect to the polarization of an ac electric field. The temperature dependences of the dielectric and optical characteristics are compared in the range of the transition from the nematic phase to the isotropic liquid phase. The dielectric spectra are approximated numerically, and the times of dipole relaxation upon rotation of the molecules about the short and long axes are determined. It is demonstrated that intramolecular motions make a significant contribution to the relaxation. The activation enthalpies are calculated.     

富Sb状态下GaSb/AlGaSb异质结的液相外延生长

本文分析了以往在制作GaSb/Al_xGa_1-xSb结构雪崩光电二极管(APD)中存在的问题,提出了在富Sb状态下进行液相外延(LPE)生长GaSb/AlGaSb异质结APD的方法。经过多次试验获得了在富Sb状态下Al-Ga-Sb三元系相图数据,并且在富Sb状态下液相外延生长出了优良的AlGaSb外延层。     

Hall effect and conduction anisotropy in the organic conductor (TMTSF)2PF6

Both the Hall effect and the ab(')-plane conduction anisotropy are directly addressing the unconventional normal phase properties of the Bechgaard salt (TMTSF)2PF6. We found that the dramatic reduction of the carrier density deduced from recent optical data is not reflected in an enhanced Hall resistance. The pressure and temperature dependence of the b(')-direction resistivity reveal isotropic relaxation time and do not require explanations beyond the Fermi liquid theory. Our results allow a coherent-diffusive transition in the interchain carrier propagation, however the possible crossover to Luttinger liquid behavior is placed at an energy scale above room temperature.     

Phase transition studies in polymesomorphic compounds(v): Density studies in N-(p-n-Octyloxy benzylidene)-p-n-butyl aniline

The density, ρ, of N-(p-n-octyloxy benzylidene) p-n-butyl aniline (OBBA) is measured as a function of temperature from the isotropic liquid to the smectic-G phase. The compound is trimorphic, exhibiting three smectic phases, smectic-G, crystal smectic-B, and smectic-A phase. The changes in density across the phase transformations and the calculated thermal expansion coefficients confirm the order of the transitions as first order. Particular importance of the smectic-A to crystal smectic-B transformation, which is of first order, is apparent from the density jump across the transition.