Fe基纳米晶合金晶粒尺寸反常变化的物理机制

晶粒尺寸在很大程度上决定了Fe基纳米晶合金的磁学性能,其随退火温度变化的物理机理是纳米晶领域重要的研究内容.研究了初始晶化温度与二次晶化温度之间退火1 h Fe基纳米晶合金晶粒尺寸随退火温度的变化,并建立了相应的模型.利用提出的模型分析了该温度范围内Fe基纳米晶合金晶粒尺寸随退火温度升高先减小后增大的物理机制. 研究发现,在初始晶化温度与二次晶化温度之间等时退火,当退火温度约为Fe基纳米晶合金熔点的0.6倍时其晶粒尺寸最小.在研究的温度区间内,理论研究结果与实验符合得较好. 本研究提供了一种快速获得小晶粒尺寸纳米晶合金的方法.     

Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles dispersed in conducting polymer matrix

Electrical and dielectric properties of conducting polypyrrole–wide band gap silica (PPY–SiO₂) nanocomposites have been investigated as a function of temperature and frequency for different concentrations of polypyrrole. The average grain size of the nanocomposites is in the range of 40–80 nm. Impedance spectra reveal two distorted semicircles corresponding to grain and grain boundary effects. The magnitude of conductivity and its temperature variation are significantly different from polypyrrole and silica. A very large dielectric constant of about 4800 at 30 kHz and at room temperature has been observed for the highest concentration of silica. Inhomogeneous behavior of nanocomposites gives rise to high dielectric constant.     

Effect of addition of La2O3 in the grain boundaries of a material based on BaTiO3

Results of an impedance study of capacitors of a material based on BaTiO₃ with variable concentrations of La are presented. It is observed that variation in tanδ is related to variation in covalency of the added La at the grain boundaries. The tanδ is temperature dependent. The discussion brings out that added La controls the electron density at the grain boundaries.     

Grain boundary potential and charge density at grain boundaries of chemically prepared thin silver sulfide films

The grain boundary potential and interface state charge density at the grain boundaries of silver sulfide (Ag₂S) thin films prepared by chemical conversion of cadmium sulfide (CdS) films have been determined from the dc resistance of the material and are found to be sensitive to annealing. A reduction in the grain boundary potential and the grain boundary charge density of the film has been noticed when the source CdS film is annealed at different temperatures prior to chemical conversion. The variation in the grain boundary charge density of the grown Ag₂S film with source annealing temperature has been found to be similar to that of thin cadmium sulfide film, reported earlier. An additional low temperature heat treatment of the sample results in an enhancement in the charge density at the grain boundaries. The change in the silver vacancy and/or oxygen and sulfur content of the films as revealed from the energy dispersive spectra of the films suggests possible role of film composition on the grain boundary charge density.     

Phase transition in tungsten–bronze Li2Pb2Nd2W2Ti4Nb4O30 ferroelectric

The polycrystalline sample of Li₂Pb₂Nd₂W₂Ti₄Nb₄O₃₀ was prepared by a solid-state reaction technique. Room temperature X-ray structural analysis confirms the formation of a single-phase compound. The morphology of the sintered sample recorded by scanning electron microscope exhibits a uniform grain distribution. Detailed studies of the nature of variation of dielectric constant, tangent loss, and polarization with temperature and frequency confirmed the existence of ferroelectricity in the material at room temperature. The temperature and frequency dependence of impedance parameters (impedance, modulus, etc.) of the material exhibits a strong correlation of its microstructure (i.e., bulk, grain boundary, etc.). Furthermore, the temperature dependence of DC conductivity shows a typical Arrhenius behavior of the material. The nature of variation of pyroelectric coefficient and current with temperature suggests that material has good pyroelectric properties useful for pyroelectric detector.     

Grain size effect on GdFeO3-type lattice distortion and ferroelectric behavior in DyMnO3

The GdFeO₃-type lattice distortion and consequent ferroelectric behavior in polycrystalline DyMnO₃ with different grain sizes are studied by means of the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction at room temperature and ferroelectric measurements at low temperature. As evidenced by the variation in the in-plane MnOMn bond angle and the ferroelectric polarization, the distorted crystal structure and ferroelectric behavior of DyMnO₃ can be effectively modulated by varying grain size. This work sheds light on the size effect in type-II multiferroic manganites.     

Ordering and grain growth of FePt thin films by annealing

Microstructure variation of FePt thin film upon annealing at elevated temperatures was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A special shape aperture was employed to observe the ordered L1₀ phase in the dark-field TEM images. With increasing the annealing temperature, crystal grains formed clusters with gathering of neighboring grains, and crystal grain growth proceeded within the cluster. L1₀ ordered crystal grains were preferentially formed near the grain boundaries, and their sizes grew with increasing the annealing temperature.     

Evolution of structural and magnetic properties of sputtered nanocrystalline Co thin films with thermal annealing

Ultrafine grain films of cobalt prepared using ion-beam sputtering have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements. As-prepared films have very smooth surface owing to the ultrafine nature of the grains. Evolution of the structure and morphology of the film with thermal annealing has been studied and the same is correlated with the magnetic properties. Above an annealing temperature of 300 °C, the film gradually transforms from HCP to FCC phase that remains stable at room temperature. A significant contribution of the surface energy, due to small grain size, results in stabilisation of the FCC phase at room temperature. It is found that other processes like stress relaxation, grain texturing and growth also exhibit an enhanced rate above 300 °C, and may be associated with an enhanced mobility of the atoms above this temperature. Films possess a uniaxial anisotropy, which exhibits a non-monotonous behaviour with thermal annealing. The observed variation in the anisotropy and coercivity with annealing can be understood in terms of variations in the internal stresses, surface roughness, and grain structure.     

Dielectric and electrical properties of a tungsten bronze tantalate ceramic

Using high temperature solid state reaction the polycrystalline sample of K₂Pb₂Dy₂W₂Ti₄Ta₄O₃₀ was prepared. Single-phase compound formation was confirmed by preliminary X-ray structural analysis. The surface morphology recorded by scanning electron microscope at room temperature exhibits a dense uniform grain distribution on the surface of the sample. Ferroelectricity in the material is confirmed by the variation of polarization with temperature. The temperature and frequency dependence of electrical parameters (impedance, modulus, conductivity, etc.) of the material exhibits a strong correlation with its microstructure (i.e., bulk, grain boundary, etc.) and electrical properties. A typical Arrhenius behavior was observed in the temperature dependence of dc conductivity. The nature of frequency dependence of ac conductivity obeys Jonscher's universal power law. The variation of current with temperature shows that the material has high pyroelectric coefficient and figure of merit, thus making it useful for pyroelectric sensors with working temperature upto 500 °C.     

多晶Ba2FeMoO6的溶胶-凝胶制备及其结构、磁性和磁电阻效应研究

采用一种特殊的溶胶－凝胶方法制备出具有纳米尺寸晶粒的双钙钛矿结构Ba2FeMoO6多晶材料，样品的晶粒尺寸和相纯度可以通过改变烧结温度和不同的混合流动气体Ar/H2比例加以控制，对样品的电磁输运性质测量表明，在约316K处出现顺磁到铁磁的转变，并且样品从室温到低温的一个很宽的温区出现了低场磁电阻效应。     

Measurement of stress using synchrotron x-rays

Stress analysis in polycrystalline materials reveals that stress can vary considerably among different subpopulations of grains. Samples of MgO and mixtures of MgO and spinel have been studied. After the onset of plastic flow, stronger grains or orientations will support more stress than the weaker grains. A grain to grain fabric develops that enables this stress partitioning. The stress partitioning and the resulting fabric can invalidate static measurements of elastic moduli. However, high temperature flow mechanisms reveal a more isotropic strength behaviour resulting in a more uniform variation of stress with orientation.     

An effect of particle size on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials

The dependence of magnetic behavior of media upon the particle/grain size is studied here. A model is presented to describe the behavior of nanomagnetic materials as a function of particle size. The model is applied to two types of experiments: (1) the decay rate of the magnetic aftereffect in nanomagnets and (2) the variation of spontaneous magnetization versus temperature. Both of these experiments show a deviation from the behavior of bulk media above a critical temperature.     

Electrical properties of complex tungsten bronze ceramics

This paper highlights the electrical properties of two new complex tungsten bronze ceramics (K₂Pb₂Eu₂W₂Ti₄Nb₄O₃₀ and K₂Pb₂Pr₂W₂Ti₄Nb₄O₃₀) which were prepared by high temperature mixed oxide method. Variation of impedance parameters with temperature (27–500 °C) and frequency (1 kHz to 5 MHz) shows the grain and grain boundary effects in the samples. The variation of dielectric parameters with frequency is also studied. The ac conductivity variation with temperature clearly exhibits that the materials have thermally activated transport properties of Arrhenius type.     

FeCrB非晶合金带铁磁共振研究

本文报道用电子自旋共振谱仪所测得的FeCrB非晶合金带的铁磁共振谱,给出了谱形随温度变化的实验结果。用“独立晶粒近似”理论解释了样品中的磁相变化,并讨论了线宽△H随温度T的变化。为研究非晶合金带材料的性能提供了新的实验结果。 关键词：     

Temperature dependent dc and ac electrical transport properties of the composite of a polyaniline nanorod with copper chloride

We have prepared the composite of polyaniline nanorods with copper chloride by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. Introduction of copper chloride in polyaniline significantly increases the conductivity of the nanocomposite. Temperature dependence of resistivity for our sample is best fitted with the quasi-one-dimensional hopping model and also the tunneling model. Negative magnetoconductivity is obtained for the samples at room temperature. Temperature variation of ac conductivity can be explained in terms of correlated barrier hopping model. Frequency dependence of the real part of impedance is explained by the Maxwell-Wagner capacitor model. Two activation behaviors are observed from the analysis of grain and grain boundary contributions.     

Effect of post thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared from polymer precursor

ZnO thin films were synthesised by a new method which uses polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as polymer precursor. The films are annealed at different temperatures and for different annealing times. The structural parameters, like grain size, lattice constants, optical band gap, and Urbach energy, depend on the annealing temperature and annealing time. All the films possess tensile strain which relaxes as the annealing temperature and the annealing time increases. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra contain only ultraviolet (UV) peaks at low temperature, but as the annealing temperature and time increase we observe peaks at blue and green regions with variation of the intensities of these peaks with annealing temperature and annealing time.     

Effect of post-thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared from a polymer precursor

ZnO thin films were synthesised by a new method which uses polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the polymer precursor. The films are annealed at different temperatures and for different annealing times. The structural parameters, like grain size, lattice constants, optical band gap, and Urbach energy, depend on the annealing temperature and time. All the films possess tensile strain, which relaxes as the annealing temperature and time increase. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra contain only ultraviolet (UV) peaks at low temperature, but as the annealing temperature and time increase, we observe peaks at the blue and green regions with a variation in the intensities of these peaks with annealing temperature and time.     

Spin disorder induced reentrant ferromagnetism in iron-based nanocomposites

The low-temperature magnetic behavior of pure iron nanocrystallites dispersed in MgO matrix has been investigated by dc magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements. Irreversibilities in the magnetization data at low field are observed at low temperatures, indicating a passage from a high temperature ferromagnetic phase to a low-temperature disordered, frozen state. Quenching of these irreversibilities is seen when the external magnetic field is increased. The variation of the in-phase susceptibility with temperature showed marked frequency dependence whereas the out-of-phase susceptibility component passes through a maximum. The origin of this behavior is traced to the spin disorder at the grain boundaries, which exhibit a co-operative freezing below a certain temperature.     

Analysis of flow stress and deformation mechanism under hot working of ZK60 magnesium alloy by a new strain-dependent constitutive equation

The present study investigates the variation of flow stress and microstructural evolution with strain for ZK60 magnesium alloy. A new constitutive equation was used to model the flow stress with excellent results. This constitutive analysis and the microstructural studies carried out on strained samples revealed the existence of two different regimes. At temperatures above 300 °C, moderate grain growth and intragranular dislocation activity. Yet, the calculated value of the activation energy and the marked increase in the equivalent strain to fracture indicated grain boundary sliding as a dominant mechanism in this regime of strain rate and temperature, with dislocation motion playing an ancillary role. At lower temperatures, deformation was exclusively governed by dislocation motion, with the extensive occurrence of dynamic recrystallization, which started at low strains, and absence of grain growth.     

The effects of thermal annealing on the structure and the electrical transport properties of ultrathin gadolinia-doped ceria films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Ultrathin crystalline films of 10 mol% gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO10) are grown on MgO (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition at a moderate temperature of 400°C. As-deposited CGO10 layers of approximately 4 nm, 14 nm, and 22 nm thickness consist of fine grains with dimensions ≤∼11 nm. The films show high density within the thickness probed in the X-ray reflectivity experiments. Thermally activated grain growth, density decrease, and film surface roughening, which may result in the formation of incoherent CGO10 islands by dewetting below a critical film thickness, are observed upon heat treatment at 400°C and 800°C. The effect of the grain coarsening on the electrical characteristics of the layers is investigated and discussed in the context of a variation of the number density of grain boundaries. The results are evaluated with regard to the use of ultrathin CGO10 films as seeding templates for the moderate temperature growth of thick solid electrolyte films with improved oxygen transport properties.