EFFECT OF THE Ba VACANCY ON THE FLUX PINNING IN YBaxCu3O7-δ SYSTEM

A series of Y123 single phase samples with various Ba vacancy concentration was prepared by making their Ba contents deviate from the stoichiometric composition. The measurements of their structure, superconductivity and flux pinning behaviour were systematically carried out. It is found that, compared with YBa₂Cu₃O_6.96 sample, the strength of the flux pinning in YBa_xCu₃O_7-δ(1.8≤x<2.0) samples is increased, and that there is an optimum value of Ba vacancy concentration for the maximum flux pinning force density. The possible origin of the flux pinning centers to determine the flux pinning behavior at higher field is discussed in detail. We suggest that the flux pinning effect at lower field may stein from the interaction between the vortex and the surfaces of grains, and that the flux pinning mechanism at higher field belongs to the core interaction.     

Anomalous flux flow and matching in Mn doped NbSe2

We have observed unique superconducting properties in Mn doped NbSe₂. It was found that for certain Mn concentrations there is an anomalous decrease in the flux pinning along with an increase in the transition temperature. Oscillatory flux pinning behavior is observed which is shown to be consistent with pinning due to matching of flux lines to pinning sites.     

Resistive state of superconducting structures with fractal clusters of a normal phase

The effect of morphologic factors on magnetic flux trapping and critical currents in a superconducting structure, which presents a type II percolation superconductor with pinning centers, is considered. The role of pinning centers is played by fractal clusters of the normal phase. The properties of these clusters are analyzed in detail: their statistics is studied, the distribution of critical currents of depinning is found, and the depen-dences of the main statistical parameters on the fractal dimension are obtained. The effect of fractal clusters of the normal phase on the electric field caused by the motion of the magnetic flux after the vortices have been broken away from pinning centers is considered. The current-voltage characteristics of superconducting structures in a resistive state are obtained for an arbitrary fractal dimension. It is found that the fractality of the boundaries of normal-phase clusters forces magnetic flux trapping, thereby increasing the critical current.     

Mechanisms of periodic pinning in superconducting thin films

We studied the changes in the superconducting properties of Nb films due to an array of Ni dots used as collective pinning sites. To determine the pinning mechanism, thin Ag layers of varying thicknesses were deposited on the Ni dots prior to the Nb film deposition. The Ag deposited on the pinning dots has little effect on the collective pinning phenomena, which implies that the main pinning mechanism is of magnetic origin.Received: 3 February 2004, Published online: 31 August 2004PACS: 74.25.Qt Vortex lattices, flux pinning, flux creep - 74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures     

YBaCuO超导陶瓷的有效钉扎力

提出了有效钉扎力的概念,并由此建立了描述有大量内界面的陶瓷样品滞迴行为的方法。测量了烧结YBaCuO陶瓷样品的剩余磁化强度与磁化场及温度的关系,并用有效钉扎力方法从中萃取了有效钉扎力,它有两项:一项与磁化电流相联系,并受界面间的弱连接控制;另一项来自颗粒体内的钉扎中心控制。弱外磁场中前一种起主要作用,强场中后一种居主导。 关键词：     

Pinning-force density of superconducting Bi-2223 tape wires

The pinning-force density and the irreversibility field are measured for Bi-2223 tape wires at various temperatures under the magnetic fields normal and parallel to the c-axis. It is found that the scaling laws of pinning-force density in the low- and high-temperature regions and the temperature dependence of the irreversibility field are formally the same between the two field directions in spite of some anisotropy factor, suggesting that the pinning mechanism is essentially the same for the two field directions. These results are compared with the numerical calculation based on the flux-creep model. The experimental results are well explained by the theory including the anisotropic property.

The pinning potential estimated from the flux-creep theory at 80 K and 1.0 T is of the order of several 10 meV and the factor of the anisotropy is about 1.3. The value of the pinning potential under the magnetic field along the c-axis suggests that the flux lines are strongly connected along this direction. The longitudinal elastic correlation length of the flux lines is of the order of several μm and this supports the hypothesis.

The pinning characteristics of a Bi-2223 tape wire to which the strong pinning centers are successfully introduced are discussed using the flux-creep theory for evaluating the potential of this material for application. The irreversibility field for the direction parallel to the c-axis is estimated to be sufficiently high even at 77.3 K and it is concluded that Bi-2223 has a sufficient potential for application.     

Electric field induced by magnetic flux motion in superconductor containing fractal clusters of a normal phase

The influence of the fractal clusters of a normal phase, which act as pinning centers, on the dynamics of magnetic flux in percolative type-II superconductor is considered. The voltage–current characteristics of such a superconductor are obtained taking into account the effect of fractal properties of cluster boundaries on the magnetic flux trapping. It is revealed that the fractality reduces the electric field arising from magnetic flux motion and thereby raises the critical current of a superconductor.     

Pinning in superconductors with attractive and repulsive interaction defect-flux line

We illustrate some results of the statistical theory of pinning as well as the processes which lead to the existence of volume pinning force, and calculate some quantities determining the pinning and other effects in type II superconductors by means of a model potential for both attractive and repulsive interactions between individual defects and individual flux lines. For some of these quantities (e.g. the volume pinning force) in superconductors with line defects perpendicular to the flux lines, we find large differences with respect to the shape and character (attractive, repulsive) of the interaction potential, whereas other quantities (e.g. the maximum reversible displacement of the flux line lattice, the force on the flux line lattice in the reversible regime) are rather little dependent on the shape and the character of the interaction potential.     

Dynamics of local magnetic flux vortexes in superconductors

The dynamics of local magnetic flux vortexes in high-temperature semiconductors is studied with a mechanical method. Physical conditions in a gradient magnetic field are analyzed. Obtained results are treated within a model of free and pinned vortexes. The magnitudes of elastic modula, pinning strength, dissipated energy, viscous friction of the vortexes, and pinning potential were calculated. The method allows the determination of local, rather than integrated, superconductor characteristics. This makes it possible to map pinning centers over the crystal structure.     

Vortex lattice ordering in the flux flow state of Nb thin films

We measure current–voltage characteristics at high driving currents for different magnetic fields and temperatures in Nb thin films of rather strong pinning. In a definite range of the B–T phase diagram we find that a current induced transition occurs in the flux flow motion of the vortex lattice, namely a dynamic ordering (DO). Contrary to the case of weaker pinning materials, DO is observed only at low fields, due to the stronger intrinsic disorder that can deform plastically the moving vortex lattice even for small applied fields.     

Sliding Abrikosov lattice in a superconductor with a regular array of artificial pinning centers: AC conductivity and criticality at small frequencies

Dynamics of the flux lattice in the mixed state of strongly type-II superconductor near the upper critical field subjected to AC field and interacting with a periodic array of short range pinning centers is considered. The superconductor in a magnetic field in the absence of thermal fluctuations on is described by the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations. For a special case of the δ-function shaped pinning centers and for pinning array commensurate with the Abrikosov lattice (so that vortices outnumber pinning centers) an analytic expression or the AC conductivity is obtained. It is found that below a certain critical pinning strength and for sufficiently low frequencies there exists a sliding Abrikosov lattice, which vibrates nearly uniformly despite interactions with the pinning centers. At very small frequencies the conductivity diverges at the critical pinning strength.     

高T_c超导体YBCO磁通钉扎的计算机模拟研究

临界电流密度Jc是影响高温超导体在强电领域应用的一个重要参数,在实际应用中,特别在外加磁场下,临界电流密度与超导材料的磁通钉扎性质密切相关.因此,磁通钉扎一直是高温超导体研究中的一个重要领域.由于高温超导体磁通钉扎力密度Fp的标度律存在,本文根据D.Dew-Hughes总结的钉扎力函数,主要存在两种主要作用类型(正常相和△K).我们将D.Dew-HugBes给出的钉扎力密度Fp标度函数改进为一个简化的具有物理意义的函数表达式.结合文献中已有的实验数据,我们对YBcO进行了计算机模拟,确定了它的磁通钉扎类型,模拟的研究结果与实际情况比较吻合.     

Influence of the dc vortex velocity field on flux flow noise

Measurements on low-pinning Nb foils prepared with geometrically well-defined pinning structures show that flux flow noise originates not only by direct interaction of vortices with pinning sites, but also by plastic deformation of the FLL in weak pinning regions. This noise depends on the properties of the dc flux flow velocity field.     

非理想第二类超导体局域磁弛豫的计算模拟：非均匀钉扎势和表面势垒影响

从热激活模型出发,对非理想第二类超导的局域磁行为进行了计算模拟.讨论了超导体体内非均匀钉扎势和表面势垒对局域磁通运动的影响.计算结果表明,体内非均匀钉扎势对磁通线的运动产生大的阻碍,表面势垒明显抑制了磁通线的进入和离开样品.相对于样品的平均磁弛豫行为和平均磁滞回线,非均匀钉扎以及扫场速率的差异更强地显示在样品的局域磁行为. 关键词： 非理想第二类超导体 局域磁弛豫 非均匀钉扎 表面势叠     

Field induced flux pinning in Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ single crystal

The flux pinning behavior of a Nd_1+xBa_2−xCu₃O_7−δ (Nd123) single crystal, which exhibited a peak effect, has been studied by monitoring the time decay of the magnetic moment. The apparent pinning energy (U₀^*) was deduced from flux creep data on the basis of the Anderson-Kim model. The magnetic field dependence of U₀^* showed maxima at peak fields which depended on the temperatures, in a similar manner to those of critical current densities. In addition, the temperature dependence of U₀^* showed several features. To explain the increase in U₀^* with the field as well as its temperature and field dependence, we made a numerical calculation by introducing an additional pinning energy which increased with increasing field. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, especially at temperatures above 60 K, where the contribution of field induced pinning centers is believed to be dominant.     

Intrinsic behavior of flux lines in pure niobium near the upper critical field

We report small-angle neutron-scattering (SANS) measurements of flux line properties near H(c2) in an ultrapure sample of niobium with weak pinning of flux in the bulk. These confirm in detail the Abrikosov picture of the flux line lattice to within 20 mK of the upper critical field line. However, it has recently been claimed [X. S. Ling et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 712 (2001)], on the basis of SANS observations of a disordering of flux lines in niobium, that the flux lattice melts at temperatures clearly separated from the upper critical field line. This discrepancy may possibly arise from differences in sample purity and pinning.     

Current-voltage characteristics of a foamed Bi1.8Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O x high-temperature superconductor with fractal cluster structure

The influence of the structure of foamed polycrystalline bismuth-based superconductors on their critical currents and current-voltage characteristics is studied. It is found that superconducting foams have a fractal structure, and the fractal dimension of the boundary between the normal and superconducting phases is estimated. The magnetic and transport properties of superconducting foams are investigated, and the current-voltage characteristics are obtained in a wide range of currents. The effect of percolation phenomena on vortex pinning in a foamed superconductor is considered. The current-voltage characteristics of the superconducting foams at the beginning of the resistive transition are found to be in good agreement with a model in which a magnetic flux is assumed to be trapped in the fractal clusters of a normal phase.     

The volume pinning force for different shapes of the interaction potential between defects and flux lines

The volume pinning force in superconductors with randomly distributed line defects nearly perpendicular to the flux lines is calculated for model as well as realistic interaction potentials between single defects and single flux lines. Both attractive and repulsive interactions defect — flux line were considered. The line defects were constructed from point defects distributed with constant density on straight lines. The deviations of the results from the theory of Labusch are considerable for small elementary interaction forces between defects and flux lines. The deviations (as well as the differences between repulsive and attractive interaction potentials) are larger for the realistic interaction potential than those for the different model potentials. The threshold values for the flux line distortion (under which no net volume pinning can exist) is also given.