A1_2O_3 Effect on the Catalytic Activity of Cu-ZnO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 Catalysts for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from CO_2 Hydrogenation

1. Introduction Dimethyl ether (DME) has received more and more attention as a clean alternative diesel fuel since it has higher cetane value, lower NOx emission, lesser carbon particulates and near-zero smoke compared with those for the traditional diesel fuels [1,2]. So far DME has been produced from methanol dehydra- tion over solid-acid catalysts [2,3] or from syngas over bifunctional catalysts [1,4-7]. Recently, great efforts have been emphasized on the direct synthesis of DME from C…     

Comparative Study of CuO Species on CuO/Al2O3, CuO/CeO-Al2O3 andCuO/La2O-Al2O3 Catalysts for CO Oxidation

CuO/Al2O3, CuO/CeO2-Al2O3, and CuO/La2O3-Al2O3 (denoted as Cu/Al, Cu/CeAl, and Cu/LaAl) catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method. CuO species and CuO/Al2O3 thermal solid-solid interaction were characterized by in situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques. For the Cu/Al catalyst, a CuAl2O4 phase exists between the CuO and Al2O3 layer and the CuO phase exists on the surface in both highly dispersed and bulk forms. For the Cu/CeAl catalyst, there is highly dispersed and bulk CuO on the surface, but most of the CuO has transferred into the internal layer of CeO2 as bulk CuO and CuAl2O4. For the Cu/LaAl catalyst, only bulk CuO is present on the surface of the catalyst and no CuAl2O4 is formed. The catalytic activity order for CO oxidation is Cu/CeAl>Cu/Al>Cu/LaAl. The highly dispersed CuO on the catalyst surface may be the active phase for CO oxidation. The results show that the addition of CeO2 not only promotes both the transference of CuO and the formation of CuAl2O4 but also favors the CO oxidation due to the association of highly dispersed CuO with CeO2, while La2O3 hinders the transference of CuO and the formation of CuAl2O4.     

钙改性的Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化甲醇裂解反应

采用共沉淀法制备了未改性的和Ca掺杂的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3样品,进一步用浸渍法制备了Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(Pd/CZA)和Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-CaO (Pd/CZACa)催化剂.运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、储氧量测定、CO化学吸附、NH3程序升温脱附、CO2程序升温脱附、...     

CuO/ZnO/Y2O3/γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂上二甲醚水蒸气重整制氢

将沉积-沉淀法制备的CuO/ZnO/Y2O3催化剂同γ-Al2O3进行机械混合, 制备了CuO/ZnO/Y2O3/γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂, 用于二甲醚水蒸气重整制氢反应, 实验结果表明其活性、稳定性等均优于常用的CuO/ZnO/Al2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂. 结合N2吸附-脱附(BET)、N2O化学吸附(N2O chemisorption)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征手段研究了两种催化剂在表面酸性及微观结构上的差异, 发现CuO/ZnO/Y2O3催化剂具有相对较高的铜分散度, 铜晶粒更加细小化, 并且具有高温稳定性的Y2O3可能起到隔离铜的作用, 在一定程度上防止了铜晶粒的团聚, 从而改善了重整组分的性能, 提高了双功能催化剂的重整制氢活性及稳定性.     

Production of dimethylether(DME) as a clean fuel using sonochemically prepared CuO and /or ZnO- modified γ- alumina catalysts

The catalytic conversion of methanol to dimethylether(DME)was studied over CuO/Al2O3,ZnO/Al2O3and ZnOCuO/Al2O3nanocatalysts prepared in presence or absence of ultrasonic irradiation.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),surface characterization method(BET),scanning electron microscope(SEM),H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR)and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD).The experimental results show that during catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethylether,the activities of the CuO/Al2O3,ZnO/Al2O3and ZnO-CuO/Al2O3catalysts prepared using ultrasonic treatment are much higher than those prepared in absence of ultrasonication.SEM shows that the use of ultrasonication results in much smaller nanoparticles.BET and XRD show that the ultrasonication increases the surface area and pore volume of the catalysts.H2-TPR profiles indicated that reducibility of the sonicated nanocatalysts is carried out at lower temperatures.NH3-TPD shows that ultrasound irradiation has enhanced the acidity of the nanocatalyst and hence enhanced catalytic performance for DME formation.     

表面酸性对Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂催化1,4-丁炔二醇高压加氢性能的影响

通过浸渍法分别在Al(OH)_3和Al_2O_3中引入SiO_2,经焙烧后制备具有不同表面酸性质的SiO_2-Al_2O_3载体,以上述SiO_2-Al_2O_3及Al_2O_3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备Ni负载量为15%的Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂(分别为Ni/SA-1和Ni/SA-2)与Ni/Al_2O_3.采用N2物理吸附、Py-FTIR、NH3-TPD、XRD、H2-TPR和H2-TPD手段对催化剂进行表征,考察了表面酸性质对催化剂催化1,4-丁炔二醇高压加氢性能的影响.结果表明,SiO_2引入方式会影响Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂表面酸性质及活性组分Ni在载体表面的分散行为.在Al(OH)3中引入SiO_2时,Ni/SA-1催化剂不仅活性组分具有高分散度,而且表面具有丰富的L酸位点,L酸位点与Ni活性中心协同作用有效提高了催化剂的高压加氢性能.而在Al_2O_3中直接引入SiO_2时,SiO_2覆盖了Al_2O_3表面的L酸位点,催化剂活性组分分散度较低,表现出低的加氢活性.     

不同沉淀剂对Co3O4催化剂催化分解N2O活性的影响

采用了不同沉淀剂（K2 CO3、Na2 CO3、NaOH、NaHCO3）制备了一系列 Co3 O4氧化物催化剂。通过 XRD、XPS、BET、H2-TPR、O2-TPD 表征手段,探究了催化剂物相结构和氧化还原性能对 N2 O 催化分解性能的影响。研究表明,以 K2 CO3为沉淀剂制备的 Co3 O4催化剂具有优越的氧化还原性能。此外,较低结晶度有助于提高催化剂的催化性能,催化剂表面物种与其沉淀剂相关：丰富的表面 Co 物种促进催化活性,较多氧空位有利于催化剂表面的电子传递和氧气的脱附。以 K2 CO3为沉淀剂制备的 Co3 O4催化剂表现出最佳的 N2 O 催化分解活性,在450℃达到90％以上的转化率。     

Rh/Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3整体式催化剂的制备和二氯甲烷催化氧化性能

以粉末Al_2O_3为载体,通过浸渍Rh(NO_3)_3制备Rh/Al_2O_3催化剂;再以Rh/Al_2O_3、粉末Cr_2O_3和铝胶经过研磨混合制得催化剂活性浆料;将催化剂活性浆料涂覆到堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体表面,经烘干,焙烧制得不同Rh含量的Rh/Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3系列整体式催化剂.研究了该类催化剂的二氯甲烷催化氧化性能,发现Rh负载量为0.4 g/L的Rh/Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3催化剂活性最佳,且未生成含氯中间产物.结合催化剂的表征结果发现,Rh的添加可增加催化剂的表面酸性和氧化还原性能,二者的协同作用提高了催化剂活性;而Cr_2O_3的存在有利于CH_3Cl中间体的进一步氧化,从而提高了催化剂的选择性.     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts：Effect of CeO2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carder porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts in CO oxidation were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR), oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results suggested that, the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carder possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts. When appropriate content of CeO2(Ce content ≤8 wt%) was added, the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced. In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter, higher dispersion of CuO was observed, better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found, thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.     

Li-Mn/WO_(3)/TiO_(2)固体酸催化剂的制备及其甲烷氧化偶联催化性能研究北大核心CSCD

Li-Mn/WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂具有良好的低温OCM催化性能,采用浸渍法制备Li-Mn/WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂,并详细考察WO_(3)对催化剂物理化学性质及催化性能的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、CO_(2)程序升温脱附(CO_(2)-TPD)、O_(2)程序升温脱附(O_(2)-TPD)、H_(2)程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征技术对催化剂进行了研究,发现WO_(3)的添加提高了C_(2)选择性,并有效抑制了深度氧化.XRD与CO_(2)-TPD结果表明,WO_(3)的添加不仅有利于金红石型TiO_(2)的形成而且能够中和催化剂表面的强碱位,从而抑制了深度氧化反应.O_(2)-TPD和H_(2)-TPR结果表明,WO_(3)的添加降低了晶格氧(O^(2-))移动性,进而提高了反应的C_(2)选择性.此外,WO_(3)的添加促使了低温氧化偶联活性物种MnTiO_(3)的形成并提高了活性物种的分散性,因此提高了催化剂甲烷氧化偶联的反应活性和选择性.所有Li-Mn/x%WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂中,Li-Mn/5%WO_(3)/TiO_(2)催化剂显示出最佳的OCM反应性能.在750℃,CH_(4)∶O_(2)∶N_(2)=10∶4∶5,GHSV=2280 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)条件下,最高的C_(2)产物收率可达16.3%.     

Low-temperature CO oxidation over CuO-CeO_2/SiO_2 catalysts:Effect of CeO_2 content and carrier porosity

The effects of CeO2 contents and silica carrier porosity with their pore diameters ranging from 5.2 nm to 12.5 nm of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 cata-lysts in CO oxidation were investigated.The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption at low temperature,X-ray diffraction (XRD),temperature-programmed reduction by H2 (H2-TPR),oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results suggested that,the ceria content and the porosity of SiO2 carrier possessed great impacts on the structures and catalytic performances of CuO-CeO2/SiO2 catalysts.When appropriate content of CeO2 (Ce content 8 wt%) was added,the catalytic activity was greatly enhanced.In the catalyst supported on silica carrier with larger pore diameter,higher dispersion of CuO was observed,better agglomeration-resistant capacity was displayed and more lattice oxygen could be found,thus the CuO-CeO2 supported on Si-1 showed higher catalytic activity for low-temperature CO oxidation.     

含锌尖晶石型ZnM_2O_4(M=Cr,Al,Fe)催化剂上二氯甲烷高效催化燃烧

采用溶胶凝胶法制备出一系列的含锌尖晶石型ZnM_2O_4(M=Cr,Al,Fe)催化剂并测试其对二氯甲烷催化燃烧性能,并对催化剂进行了XRD,H_2-TPR,NH_3-TPD和XPS等表征.制备出的催化剂都具有较高的反应活性,其中ZnCr_2O_4尖晶石活性最佳,其T50为277℃.表征结果表明,催化剂的性能受到表面酸性和氧化还原性的协同作用.ZnCr_2O_4尖晶石催化剂具有较小的中等酸强度的表面酸性和最佳的低温还原性能,因此反应性能最佳.     

碱性助剂的添加对Ni/CaO-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

在CH4、 CO2和O2制合成气的反应中, 通过在Ni/CaO-Al2O3催化剂中添加碱性助剂K2O、 MgO和La2O3, 使催化剂的性能得到了改善. 实验结果表明, MgO和La2O3助剂的添加, 有利于提高催化剂的活性;添加K2O, 却相反. 测得催化剂上积炭量的顺序为: Ni-La2O3/CaO-Al2O3相似文献   

Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8材料的制备及在三效催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8(0≤x≤0.4)材料, 并对所制备的材料进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的表征, 测定了材料的比表面积(BET法)和储氧量(OSC), 同时采用氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)研究了材料的还原性能和表面酸性. 研究结果表明, Ce/Ti摩尔比大于1∶2的材料能形成立方萤石结构的固溶体, Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料表面Ce4+/Ce3+摩尔比达到最大; 随着Ce/Ti摩尔比的增大, 材料的储氧能力先增大后减小, 而TPR还原峰温则是先减小后增大, 当Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料的储氧量达到最大, 为660 μmol/g; 还原峰峰温最低, 为616 ℃. 以制备的材料为载体制备了一系列Pt/Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8三效催化剂, 并对催化剂进行了活性评价. 活性测试结果表明, 以Ce/Ti比为1的载体材料制成的催化剂对C3H8, CO和NO的起燃温度分别为236, 147和228 ℃, 表现出了优异的温度特性.     

Ce0.5+xZr0.4-xLa0.1O2-Al2O3催化剂催化燃烧柴油车碳烟

采用共沉淀法制备了系列Ce_0.5+xZr_0.4-xLa_0.1O₂-Al₂O₃催化剂, 其中0≤x≤0.4且Ce_0.5+xZr_0.4-xLa_0.1O₂与Al₂O₃的质量比为1:1. 考察了该系列催化剂对柴油车排放碳烟的催化燃烧性能, 并用低温N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和氧气程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 研究结果表明该系列催化剂均形成了具有立方萤石结构的固溶体. 当x=0.2时, Ce³⁺离子在催化剂表面有一定的富集, 此时催化剂具有最大的β氧脱附峰和最好的表面还原性能, 同时具有良好的催化碳烟氧化活性, 碳烟在该催化剂的起燃温度为360 °C, 具有较好的应用前景.     

助剂对CH4,CO2和O2制合成气反应催化剂性能的影响

考察了NiCaO-Al2O3催化剂中添加碱金属、碱土金属、稀土金属氧化物、CuO助剂及CaO含量对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,10Ni-2K-2Cu15CaO-Al2O3催化剂对CH4、CO2和O2制合成气反应具有较高的催化活性、选择性和较好的抗积炭性能。通过TPR、CO-TPD、XPS和XRD对催化剂进行表征,发现K2O、CuO和CaO的添加削弱了活性组分Ni与载体Al2O3间的相互作用,增加Ni的电子密度,加速了CO与H2的脱附,从而抑制了CH4深度裂解积炭和CO歧化积炭。此外,这些助剂的添加也提高了Ni的分散度,增强了催化剂的抗积炭能力。     

基于NH_3-SCR的CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物催化剂:结构与脱硝性能

以TiOSO_4·2H_2O和Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为前驱体,采用共沉淀法制备了不同CeO_2含量的CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物催化剂.对样品结构进行了表征,考察了催化剂的NH_3-SCR(NH_3选择性催化还原)反应活性、N_2选择性和抗水抗硫性能.结果表明,随着催化剂中CeO_2含量的增加,催化剂的物相结构、晶粒尺寸及脱硝性能均出现规律性变化,这种改变与样品的酸碱性和氧化还原性能的变化有关.当样品中CeO_2的质量分数约为50%时,催化剂的结构呈无定形态,具有较大的比表面积和较多的氧空位,有利于反应物分子在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,拓宽了催化剂的低温活性窗口并提高了NO的转化率.     

碱土金属对ZrO2-Al2O3及其负载Pd-Rh密偶催化剂的影响

采用胶溶法制备了一系列碱土金属改性的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃, 并以其为载体采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd-Rh密偶催化剂. 采用低温N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)对载体样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 碱土金属的添加增大了ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的比表面积, Sr-Zr-Al样品经1000 °C焙烧5 h后具有最大的比表面积, 为164 m²·g^-1. 对催化剂进行了H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和活性表征, 考察了催化剂对C₃H₈的转化活性. 测试结果表明, 添加碱土金属能有效提高催化剂上丙烷的转化活性.     

A comparative study of CuO/TiO_2-SnO_2,Cut/Tit_2 and CuO/SnO_2 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

Nanometer SnO2 particles were synthesized by sol-gel dialytic processes and used as a support to prepare CuO supported catalysts via a deposition-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by means of TG-DTA, XRD, H2-TPR and XPS. The catalytic activity of the CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts was markedly depended on the loading of CuO, and the optimum CuO loading was 8 wt.% (T100 = 80 ◦C). The CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity than the CuO/TiO2 and CuO/SnO2 catalysts. H2-TPR result indicated that a large amount of CuO formed the active site for CO oxidation in 8 wt.% CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst.     

Al含量对Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

通过向S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和高稳定性的Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂的异构化性能的影响, 并采用XRD, BET, FTIR, TPR, TG-DTA, NH₃-TPD和ICP手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够延迟ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解; Al能够增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃质量分数为2.5%时, Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最高, 正戊烷异构化收率可达60.02%, 选择性在98.2％以上.