Preparation of Diphenyl Oxalate from Transesterification of Dimethyl Oxalate with Phenol over TS—1 Catalyst

Diphenyl oxalate was synthesized from transesterification of dimethyl oxalate with phenol over TS-1(2.5 wt% Ti)catalyst.TS-1 catalyst,as a beterogeneous catalyst,showed excellent selectivity of diphenyl oxalate and methylphenyl oxalate compared with other homogeneous catalysts.Lewis acid sites on TS-1 catalyst were the active sites for transesterification of dimethyl oxalate with phenol.the high selectivity was closely related to the weak acid sites over TS-1.     

Vapour-phase O-methylation of Catechol with Methanol on Ti-containing Phosphate Catalysts

IntroductionGuaiacol is an important synthesis intermediate inthe production of flavoring agents, fragrances, agricul-tural chemicals and pharmaceuticals[1]. Vapor-phasealkylation of catechol with methanol is believed to be analternative method for the sy…     

苯酚和草酸二甲酯在不同分子筛催化下的酯交换反应

研究了以TS－1、H－ZSM－5、Hβ和H－丝光沸石等不同分子筛为催化剂，苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应。通过对催化剂进行吸附吡啶的红外光谱和NH3－TPD表征，考察了不同分子筛催化剂的酸性和酸强度对草酸二苯酯合成反应的影响，确定了催化剂上的弱酸中心是催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的活性位，且催化剂的酸性中心越多，酸量越大，催化活性越好。催化剂上的强酸中心促进了副产物苯甲醚的生成。     

Sn改性TS－1分子筛催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯合成草酸二苯酯

 使用Sn改性的TS－1分子筛催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯的酯交换反应合成草酸二苯酯，深入研究了不同Sn负载量TS－1分子筛的结构及催化性能．实验结果表明，由于Sn和以Ti－O－SiO3为中心的弱Lewis酸的协同催化作用，与未改性的TS－1分子筛催化剂相比，改性后的催化剂虽 然Lewis酸量有明显下降，但催化剂的催化性能明显提高．当Sn的负载量为2％时，草酸二甲酯的转化率达到50．3％，目的产物的选择性为99．2％．利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和X射线能量分散谱考察了Sn在TS－1分子筛表面的结构和分散状态及其与酯交换反应催化性能的关系．结果表明，当Sn的负载量低于2％时，SnO2以非晶态形式分散在TS－1表面；而当Sn负载量高于2％时，SnO2以微晶的形式存在，此时Sn原子与Ti原子的协同作用已经不明显，催化剂的催化性能反而下降．     

Stannous oxalate: An efficient catalyst for poly(trimethylene terephthalate) synthesis

A complete study on the catalytic activity of stannous oxalate for poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) synthesis via esterification method is carried out by comparison to the well known catalysts (tetrabutyl titanate (TBT), dibutyltin oxide (Bu2SnO), and stannous octoate (SOC)). Their catalytic activity in the esterification process is monitored by measuring the amount of water generated, while intrinsic viscosity (IV) and content of terminal carboxyl groups (CTCG) are used as the index in the polycondensation process. Stannous oxalate shows higher activity than the other catalysts. Decrease in reaction time and improvements in PTT property are observed. The higher catalytic activity of stannous oxalate is attributed to its chelate molecular structure.     

CO气相合成草酸二乙酯催化剂性能评价

考察了Al2O3载体的类型和形状、活性组分Pd的负载量、活性组分Pd和助催化剂Fe之比对工业原料CO气相催化合成草酸二乙酯(DEO)反应的影响。结果表明,当Pd的负载量为1%～5%、Pd/Fe为0.2～2.0(mol比)、条状α-Al2O3为载体时,催化剂的性能优良,在此条件下,草酸二乙酯的最大收率可达60%, CO转化率可达63%,草酸二乙酯选择性可达98%。     

一氧化碳气相催化偶联合成草酸二乙酯的研究

在固定床反应器中对一氧化碳气相催化偶联合成草酸二乙酯的双金属钯系催化剂进行了活性评价。研究结果表明，所研制的催化剂具有较高的活性、选择性和稳定性，具有工业开发价值；在较高的反应温度和浓度下，亚硝酸乙酯易分解而使一氧化碳转化率和草酸二乙酯空时收率下降；在原料气中加入适量的乙醇有助于提高草酸二乙酯的空时收率。提出了一氧化碳气相催化偶联合成草酸二乙酯的适宜的工艺条件。     

Effect of Mo content in MoO3/g-Al2O3 on the catalytic activity for transesterification of dimethyl oxalate with phenol

The influence of molybdenum content on the catalytic performance in the transesterification of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) with phenol to methyl phenyl oxalate (MPO) and diphenyl oxalate (DPO) was investigated. The results indicated that the MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst with 14 wt% Mo content gave maximal DPO yield with 6.1% and 75.1% DMO conversion. The component, structure and phase of MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET specific surface area, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD), and FTIR analysis of adsorbed pyridine. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

固定床中CO气固相偶联反应制备草酸二乙酯的研究(英文)

研究了固定床中CO在双金属负载型催化剂Pd-Fe/Al2O3上气固相催化偶联反应制备草酸二乙酯的催化剂工程问题。其中对催化剂载体、活性组分负载量、不同含量的助剂和载体的焙烧温度进行了详细的研究。对催化剂进行了200倍放大制备,并于放大200倍的工业模式装置上用工业原料气进行了1000小时的连续运转考察。结果表明,CO总转化率接近100%,CO单程转化率大于60%,CO选择性大于　９５％　　,草酸二乙酯的空时收率大于600 g/(L cat.h)。     

Thermal decomposition of ammonium vanadyl oxalate supported on various oxides

The thermal decomposition of ammonium vanadyl oxalate supported on La₂O₃, MgO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂, SAPO-5, and ZSM-5 oxides in a dynamic atmosphere of dry air was compared by thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The calcined catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The TG and DTA results demonstrate that the surface acid-base properties of the oxides play a significant role in the decomposition behaviour of the supported ammonium vanadyl oxalate, i.e. the basic oxides exhibit an endothermic effect and the acidic oxides show an exothermic effect. Two mechanisms are suggested for thermal decomposition of ammonium vanadyl oxalate on basic and acidic oxides, respectively. After transformation of the ammonium vanadyl oxalate to vanadia, subsequent rearrangement of the vanadia on the surface of the supports was also observed. During the thermal treatment or calcination in air, solid state reactions of vanadia with the surface of oxides such as La₂O₃, ZrO₂ and TiO₂ took place to form new phases.     

溶胶凝胶法制备的Cu/SiO2催化剂及其催化草酸二甲酯加氢反应

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了用于草酸二甲酯加氢合成乙二醇的Cu/SiO2催化剂,在优化的反应条件下,当催化剂中Cu含量为15%～25%时,草酸二甲酯转化率和乙二醇选择性分别达到99.9%和95.0%.通过N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、N2O滴定法和X射线光电子能谱等手段对各Cu/SiO2催化剂进行了表...     

Effect of Mo loading on transesterification activities of MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by conventional and slurry impregnation methods

Summary The effect of Mo loadings and preparation methods, slurry and conventional impregnation, on the performances of alumina-supported MoO₃ catalysts in transesterification of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) with phenol was investigated. Slurry prepared MoO₃/-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited higher activity and dispersion capacity than conventional one. Slurry MoO₃/water was used instead of an ammonium heptamolybdate solution. Highly dispersed amorphous Mo catalysts were obtained, closely related to the catalytic activities without calcination, waste solutions, and calcining nitrogenous gases.     

苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用、程序升温方法对苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物进行了分析。实现了对钛酸四丁酯催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的主产物草酸二苯酯、中间产物甲基苯基草酸酯、副产物丁基苯基草酸酯、2-甲基丁醛、正丁醚及草酸二苯酯脱羰基生成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的定性，验证了苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应分三步进行的反应模式。     

Catalytic Performance and Texture of TEOS Based Cu/SiO2 Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate to Ethylene Glycol

Highly active and selective Cu/SiO₂ catalysts for hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate(DMO) to ethylene glycol(EG) were successfully prepared by means of a convenient one-pot synthetic method with tetraethoxysilane( TEOS) as the source of silica. XRD, H₂-TPR, SEM, TEM, XRF and N₂ physisorption measurements were performed to characterize the texture and structure of Cu/SiO2 catalysts with different copper loadings. The active components were highly dispersed on SiO₂ supports. Furthermore, the coexistence of Cu⁰ and Cu⁺ contributed a lot to the excellent performance of Cu-TEOS catalysts. The DMO conversion reached 100% and the EG selectivity reached 95% at 498 K and 2 MPa with a high liquid hourly space velocity over the 27-Cu-TEOS catalyst with an actual copper loading of 19.0%(mass fraction).     

热扩散法制备MoO3/SiO2催化草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应

采用热扩散法（TS）和等体积浸渍法制备了MoO₃/SiO₂催化剂用于草酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应.结果表明,热扩散法制备的10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂较等体积浸渍法制备的10%MoO₃/SiO₂-C催化剂具有更好的催化性能.运用X射线衍射、Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱分析、吡啶吸附红外光谱、NH₃程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征,发现虽然两种方法制备的催化剂都只有弱Lewis酸中心,钼均以氧化钼单体形式存在,未形成解离和聚合,但是10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂较10%MoO₃/SiO₂-C催化剂表面钼含量更高且MoO₃分散得更好.在苯酚用量为0.2mol,10%MoO₃/SiO₂-TS催化剂用量为1.2g,反应温度为180℃,草酸二甲酯与苯酚的摩尔比为2,反应时间为4h的优化条件下,苯酚转化率可达70.9%,甲基苯基草酸酯和草酸二苯酯的收率分别达63.1%和7.7%.     

草酸二甲酯气相催化加氢合成乙二醇的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列 CuO/SiO₂ 催化剂,进行草酸二甲酯气相加氢活性评价,分别考察了不同沉淀剂（Na₂CO₃、NH₃·H₂O、NaOH）、催化剂组成以及反应工艺条件对加氢性能的影响。采用N₂ 吸附脱附、N₂O吸附、XRD、TG热重分析、H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,草酸二甲酯加氢反应活性与Cu⁰有关,提高铜比表面积有利于提高加氢活性。采用以NaOH沉淀剂制备的CuO质量分数为50%的CuO/SiO₂催化剂,在200℃、2MPa、0.07h^-1和氢酯摩尔比为100时,草酸二甲酯转化率可达 98%,乙二醇选择性87%,且催化剂表现出较好的稳定性。     

Highly active Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 catalyst with the bayberry tannin as chelating promoter for CO oxidative coupling to diethyl oxalate

A novel Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 catalyst was synthesized by incipient-wetness impregnation method with bayberry tannin as chelating promoter and commercial hollow column Raschig ring a-Al_2O_3 as support for the synthesis of diethyl oxalate from CO and ethyl nitrite.A variety of characterization techniques including N_2 physical adsorption,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive system(SEM-EDS),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),were employed to explore the relationship between the physicochemical properties and activity of catalysts.It indicated that a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups in bayberry tannin can efficiently anchor the active component Pd,reduce the particle size and make the active Pd as a multi-ring distribution on the commercial a-Al_2O_3 suppo rt,which we re beneficial to improve the catalytic activity for the production of diethyl oxalate from CO and ethyl nitrite.0.3 wts Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 showed excelle nt catalytic activity and selectivity in a continuous flow,fixed-bed reactor with the loading amount of 10 mL catalysts,Under the mild reaction conditions,the space-time yield of diethyl oxalate was 978 g L ~1 h ~1 and CO conversion was 44% with the selectivity to diethyl oxalate of 95.5%.     

Cu/SiO2催化剂制备方法对其草酸二甲酯催化氢解性能的影响

以化学吸附水解法、蒸氨法和浸渍法制备了Cu/SiO2催化剂, 并用于草酸二甲酯氢解制备乙二醇的反应. 发现用化学吸附水解法制备的催化剂具有最高的催化活性和乙二醇选择性, 乙二醇得率可达92.6%. 对还原前后不同方法制备的催化剂进行表征发现, 浸渍法制备的催化剂中Cu物种不能很好地得到分散, 因此活性较差. 蒸氨法和化学吸附水解法能较好地分散Cu物种. 由于化学吸附水解法制备的催化剂的Cu0表面积较蒸氨法的大, 且Cu＋表面积相当, 故活性高于蒸氨法制备的催化剂.     

Determination of Urinary Oxalate by Ion Chromatography

Abstract

The factors which are important for calcium oxalate renal stone formation may be studie, in vitro, using the constant composition mineralization method (Gaur and Nancollas, Kidney Int., 26, 767 (1984). Since the molar calcium/oxalate rations in vivo are relatively high (normal range, 5–50) the rates of these seeded crystallization reactions at constant supersaturations are markedly dependent upon the concentrations of oxalate ion. Kinetic studies therefore require a rapid and reliable method for the analysis of this ion. A Dionex QIC analyzer incorporating an anion fiber suppressor unit and conductometric detector has been used to develop a method for the determination of urinary oxalate. The eluent, consisting of a mixture of 3.23 × 10^?3 mol L^?1 NaHCO₃ and 2.41 × 10^?3 mol L¹ Na₂CO₃, was used isocratically at a flow rate of 2.2 cm³ min^?1. The 14 min analysis time was considerably shorter than that reported for previous ionchromatographic methods. The minimum detectactable oxalate in urine was 0.11 × 10^?3 mol L^?1 with a RSD of about 10%. The method is especially suitable for monitoring oxalate in urine mineralization experiments.     

Effects of ethanol on the in situ synthesized Cu/SiO_2 catalyst:Texture,structure,and the catalytic performance in hydrogenation dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol

The Cu/SiO₂ catalysts were in situ synthesized by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate（TEOS） in one phase solution using ethanol as co-solvent or TEOS/H₂O two phases solution,followed by the precipitation of copper on SiO₂ by ammonia evaporation. In the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate,the catalyst prepared by one phase hydrolysis exhibited higher activity and ethylene glycol（EG） selectivity at lower temperature than that of two phases due to its larger BET surface area and multimodal pore distribution.At 488-503 K,the catalyst prepared in one phase solution with water/ethanol（W/E） volume ratio of 3:1 exhibited 90- 95%EG selectivity,while catalyst prepared by two phase hydrolysis reached 90%EG selectivity only at 498-503 K.