金属-半导体-金属光电探测器的瞬态特性分析

给出了金属—半导体—金属光电探测器(MSM—PD)高频特性的等效电路模型，在此模型基础上编写模拟分析程序，分析了探测器相关器件参数对器件截止频率的影响，为探测器与前置放大器的优化匹配提供了理论依据。     

高锗组分PIN锗硅光电探测器设计与模拟

介绍了Si1-xGex合金材料在制作新型光电子器件方面的重要作用,描述了应变SiGe层的特性,包括其临界厚度与Ge组分的关系、能带变窄、折射率增加,以及应变SiGe层的亚稳态特性.设计了应变锗硅缓冲层上的高Ge组分PIN光电探测器的外延材料和结构,采用Silvaco软件分别对光电探测器的器件结构、光谱响应、响应电流及其随入射光功率的变化、器件的暗电流进行了模拟,结果显示,探测器有源区面积增大,其响应电流也增大,且暗电流比其响应电流小6～8个数量级;探测器的响应时间约为3.8x10-9s;探测器在850nm左右具有较好的光响应;这些结果都比较理想.采用L-edit软件设计了该光电探测器的结构,最后对研究结果做出总结.     

一个金属-半导体-金属光电探测器等效电路模型

本文提出了一个新的基于外端口直流、交流特性的金属-半导体-金属光电二极管(MSM PD)的等效电路模型,同时给出了直流模型和电容模型参数的物理含义,利用该模型得到的模拟结果和实测结果吻合很好。     

近红外锗硅光电探测器的研究进展

介绍了单片集成硅基光接收器相对于混合集成光接收器在光纤通信领域的应用优势,介绍了与硅微电子工艺兼容的、工作在波长λ=0．80～1．60μm近红外波段的锗硅光电探测器在单片集成硅基光接收器中的应用价值．描述了SiGe应变层特性．详细评述了近红外锗硅光电探测器的最新研究进展实例并对其未来作出展望．     

一个金属—半导体—金属光电探测器等效电路模型

本文提出了一个新的基于外端口直流，交流特性的金属－半导体－金属光电二极管（ＭＳＭＰＤ）的等效电路模型，同时给出了直流模型和电容模型参数的物理含义，利用该模型得到的模拟结果和实测结果吻合很好。     

一种改进型金属-半导体-金属光电探测器数学模型

以E.Sano的金属-半导体-金属光电探测器(MSM-PD)模型为基础,提出了一种改进型的模型.该模型以多个电流源和电容并联的形式构造,以吸收区过剩电子和空穴总数为研究对象,求解速率方程.另外计算了电容,给出了暗电流与端电压的非线性计算式,改进了传统模型中暗电流的线性计算方法.通过线性叠加给出了该模型光电流的数学解析解.通过在Matlab中的模拟计算,表明该模型具有计算量小、准确度高的特点,它不仅能反映一定偏压和光照下光电流的变化,而且能展示光电子在器件中的转化过程.这种模型也能较好地应用于微弱信号的检测模拟.     

一种硅基选择性外延生长的锗波导光探测器

制作了一种硅接触侧向PIN型Ge波导光探测器,叙述了Si基选择性Ge外延层的制作流程,介绍了Ge波导光控测器的整体结构及制作流程。对该Ge波导光探测器的响应度、暗电流、带宽等参数进行了测试。结果表明,该Ge波导光探测器在-1 V偏压下的暗电流为8.3 nA,在1 550 nm处的响应度为0.85 A/W,3 dB带宽为29 GHz。     

GaN基金属-半导体-金属探测器

采用MOCVD方法在蓝宝石衬底上生长出非故意掺杂的GaN外延层,并在GaN层上制作Ni/Au肖特基电极形成金属-半导体-金属(MSM)结构的探测器.对探测器暗电流进行了测试分析,发现在大电压下老化以后暗电流减小,小电压下出现电流反向,经白光照射后能够恢复.光谱响应测量中发现带隙内368nm处有光电导性质的异常峰值响应,808nm的激光对其有明显的淬灭作用,并根据陷阱模型对这些现象做出了解释.     

锗近红外光电探测器制备工艺研究进展

Ge材料由于在近红外波段具有较大的吸收系数、高的载流子迁移率、以及与Si工艺相兼容等优势而被视为制备近红外光电探测器最理想的材料之一。针对Ge光电探测器制备过程中面临的挑战,文中综述了近年来笔者所在的课题组在Ge探测器材料、器件及工艺方面的研究进展。首先介绍了Si基Ge材料的制备工艺,利用低温缓冲层生长技术、Ge/Si键合技术、Ge浓缩技术等分别制备得到高晶体质量的Si基Ge材料。研究了Ge材料n型掺杂工艺,利用离子注入结合两步退火处理（低温预退火和激光退火）以及利用固态磷旋涂工艺等分别实现Ge材料n型高掺浅结制备。最后探究了金属/Ge接触势垒高度的调制方法,结合金属中间层和透明导电电极ITO制备得到性能良好的Ge肖特基光电探测器。     

超快硅基光电探测器

于利希研究中心的科学家们研制了一种硅探测器。它能把经光缆传输的闪光快速地转化为电信号 ,速度要比现有的硅探测器快。目前光纤技术只用于远距离通信 ,未来也可用于局域范围。对于局域网的数据传输 ,比如在一幢建筑物内 ,采用红外光纤技术费用太大。但对于 85 0 nm波长范围却有价格便宜的激光。据该中心的 Buchal教授说 ,可见光波长约在 76 0 nm以下 ,具有额外的优点 ,特别是对于眼睛的安全 ,因为它是直接的 ,不用任何仪器 ,所以是有利的。聚合物光纤技术在红外或近红外区域特别好。这类光传感器有利于填补硅占优势的微电子学和光电子学…     

Si基Ge波导光电探测器的制备和特性研究

以外延Ge薄膜为吸收区,在Si基上制备了Ge波导光电探测器。利用超高真空化学汽相淀积(UHV/CVD)设备,采取低温高温两步法,在Si(100)衬底上外延出厚度约为500nm的高质量纯Ge层。探测器采用脊型波导结构,Al电极分别制作在波导的台面上下形成背对背肖特基结。I-V特性测试表明,在-1V偏压下,暗电流密度为0.2mA/cm2。由于Si与Ge热失配引起外延的Ge薄膜受到0.2%张应变,减小了Ge带隙,光响应波长范围扩展到1.60μm以上。在70mW、1.55μm入射光照射下,测得光电流比暗电流高出近1个数量级。     

Si基Ge波导共振腔增强型光电探测器的制备和特性研究

采用低温缓冲层技术,在硅(Si)衬底上生长了质量 优良的锗(Ge)薄膜。Ge层受到由于Si和Ge热膨胀系数不同引入张应变,大小约为0. 16%。以 外延的Ge层作为吸收区,前后以Ge/空气作为分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),在Si基上制备波导共 振腔增强 型(RCE)光电探测器。测试表明,器件在－1V偏压下,暗电流密度为14.9mA/cm²;在零偏压下, 器件的响应光谱在1.3~1.6μm波长范围内观察到4个共振增强峰,分 别位于1.35、 1.50μm,光响应波长范围扩展到1.6μm以上,采用传输矩阵法模拟的 响应光谱与实验测得结果近似吻合;在1.55μm入射光的照射下,测 得光响应度为21.4mA/W。     

High-speed Si-based metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with an additional composition-graded i-a-Si1−xGex:H layer

The response-speed of Si-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors was improved by depositing a composition-graded intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon–germanium (i-a-Si_1−xGe_x:H) layer on crystalline silicon (c-Si). In contrast to the non-composition-graded one (using intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H) layer), the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and fall time of the photodetector transient response were improved from 145.2, 404.6 to 107.6, 223.4 ps respectively. The experimental results showed that the device responsivity and quantum efficiency were increased from 0.329 (A/W) and 0.492 to 0.414 and 0.619 respectively by the employed composition-graded technique. We propose that this enhancement is due to a smoother barrier that is formed at the c-Si and i-a-Si_1−xGe_x:H interface. A lower deposition temperature of i-a-Si_1−xGe_x:H layer could be used to further reduce the fall time of the device transient response from 315.6 (250 °C) to 97.6 (180 °C) ps. To improve the contact properties between Cr electrode and i-a-Si_1−xGe_x:H layer, an annealing technique in hydrogen ambient was employed. The device knee voltage, which is the applied voltage at which the device current start to enter the saturation region in its current (log-scale) versus applied voltage characteristics, could be reduced to around 3.5 V after annealing.     

硅基650nm增强型光电探测器

通过在硅PIN结构的基础上进行改进,采用硅P＋PIN结构,研制出650nm增强型光电探测器。详细介绍了器件结构设计和制作工艺。对器件响应度、暗电流和响应速度等参数进行计算与分析。实验结果表明,器件响应度达0.448A/W（λ=650nm）,暗电流达到0.1nA（VR=10V）,上升时间达到3.2ns。     

MSM光探测器直流特性的二维分析

基于有限差分方法对金属-半导体-金属（MSM）光探测器进行了二维分析，得到有明确物理意义的模拟曲线和结论，并结合模拟结果对MSM光探测器的光电直流特性进行了分析．全部模拟工作都是基于半导体物理的基本微分方程完成的，这对于未来优化设计探测器的性能和结构有很大的意义．     

表面微结构的高响应度Si基近红外光电探测器

为了使Si基光电探测器应用到近红外光波段,需要提升其对光的响应度。通过等离子体光刻在硅基光电探测器表面制备规则有序的微结构阵列,另外通过原子层沉积(ALD)在微结构表面生长一层Al_2O_3膜,研究它的抗反射和钝化作用。对比测量器件的表面反射率和I-V特性曲线,并计算器件在808 nm近红外光下的光响应度。通过计算发现器件的响应度由最初的0.063 A/W提高到0.83 A/W。     

Two-dimensional numerical computation of the structure-dependent spectral response in a 4H-SiC metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetector with consideration of reflection and absorption on contact electrodes

A two-dimensional model of a 4H-SiC metal-semiconductor-metal(MSM) ultraviolet photodetector has been established using a self-consistent numerical calculation method.The structure-dependent spectral response of a 4H-SiC MSM detector is calculated by solving Poisson’s equation,the current continuity equation and the current density equation.The calculated results are verified with experimental data.With consideration of the reflection and absorption on the metal contacts,a detailed study involving various electrode heights(H),spacings (S) and widths(W) reveals conclusive results in device design.The mechanisms responsible for variations of responsivity with those parameters are analyzed.The findings show that responsivity is inversely proportional to electrode height and is enhanced with an increase of electrode spacing and width.In addition,the ultraviolet (UV)-to-visible rejection ratio is > 103.By optimizing the device structure at 10 V bias,a responsivity as high as 180.056 mA/W,a comparable quantum efficiency of 77.93%and a maximum UV-to-visible rejection ratio of 1875 are achieved with a detector size of H = 50 nm,S =9μm and W = 3μm.     

InxGa1−xAs (x=0.25–0.35) grown at low temperature

In_xGa_1−xAs (x=0.25–0.35) grown at low temperature on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy is characterized by Hall effect, transmission electron microscopy, and ultrafast optical testing. As with low temperature (LT) GaAs, the resistivity is generally higher after a brief anneal at 600°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows all the as-grown epilayers to be heavily dislocated due to the large lattice mismatch (2–3%). When the layers are annealed, in addition to the dislocations, precipitates are also generally observed. As with LT-GaAs, the lifetime shortens as growth temperature is reduced through the range 300–120°C; also, the lifetime in LT-In_xGa_1−xAs is generally shorter in as-grown samples relative to annealed samples. Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors fabricated on the material exhibit response times of 1–2 picoseconds, comparable to results reported on GaAs grown at low temperature, and the fastest ever reported in the wavelength range of 1.0–1.3 μm.     

考虑电极反射与吸收条件下4H-SiC金属-半导体-金属紫外光探测器响应度对器件结构依赖性的二维数值计算

本文使用数值计算方法建立了4H-SiC金属-半导体-金属紫外光探测器的二维模型。通过求解泊松方程,电流连续方程以及电流密度方程计算了该探测器依赖于器件结构的响应度。计算结果与实验数据符合较好,验证了模型的正确性。考虑到金属电极对紫外光的反射和吸收,详细研究了各种器件参数对响应度的影响并分析了其工作机理。结果表明响应度与电极高度成反比并随电极间距和宽度的增加而增加。紫外可见比大于1000。通过优化探测器结构,电极高度为50 nm电极宽度和间距为3 μm 和9 μm的探测器在10V偏压下具有最高响应度 180.056 mA/W,同时该探测器的峰值量子效率和最大紫外可见比分别为77.93%和1875。     

Research progress of Si-based germanium materials and devices

Si-based germanium is considered to be a promising platform for the integration of electronic and photonic devices due to its high carrier mobility, good optical properties, and compatibility with Si CMOS technology. However, some great challenges have to be confronted, such as: (1) the nature of indirect band gap of Ge; (2) the epitaxy of dislocation-free Ge layers on Si substrate; and (3) the immature technology for Ge devices. The aim of this paper is to give a review of the recent progress made in the field of epitaxy and optical properties of Ge heterostructures on Si substrate, as well as some key technologies on Ge devices. High crystal quality Ge epilayers, as well as Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells with high Ge content, were successfully grown on Si substrate with a low-temperature Ge buffer layer. A local Ge condensation technique was proposed to prepare germanium-on-insulator (GOI) materials with high tensile strain for enhanced Ge direct band photoluminescence. The advances in formation of Ge n⁺p shallow junctions and the modulation of Schottky barrier height of metal/Ge contacts were a significant progress in Ge technology. Finally, the progress of Si-based Ge light emitters, photodetectors, and MOSFETs was briefly introduced. These results show that Si-based Ge heterostructure materials are promising for use in the next-generation of integrated circuits and optoelectronic circuits.