Catalytic asymmetric Michael reactions using a chiral rhodium complex

Catalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of β-keto esters and methyl vinyl ketone was achieved using a chiral diamine-based Rh complex to give the Michael adducts in up to 75% e.e.     

Catalytic asymmetric Michael addition with curcumin derivative

Catalytic asymmetric Michael additions with curcumin derivatives were achieved by a new series of tertiary amine-thiourea organocatalysts to afford the Michael adducts in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.     

Catalytic activity of chiral chelating N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes towards asymmetric allylic alkylation

Abstract

The catalytic activity of a series of chiral heteroaryl coordinated chelating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium complexes towards asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) were presented here. The effects of different N-substituents, NHC backbones and chelate rings on the catalytic activity and the enantioselectivity of the alkylation of (E)-1,3-diarylallyl acetates with dialkyl malonate were investigated. The results showed that, under the optimized conditions, complexes 3a, 3b, and 3i carrying the pyridinyl-coordinated five-membered chelate ring showed high catalytic activity and chiral induction efficiency. The corresponding alkylated products were obtained in high yields with moderate ee. Furthermore, it was found that the substituents of (E)-1,3-diarylallyl acetates and the type of the nucleophile affect the results as well.     

Enantioselective chromatography of chiral chalcon-tricarbonylchromium complexes and their use in stereoselective Michael addition

Summary The enantiomeres of the title compounds1–8 could be separated by enantioselective chromatography on microcrystalline triacetylcellulose in ethanol. A high stereoselectivity of the Michael addition of dimethylmalonate was observed only for theortho-substituted complexes1,2 and3, while the selectivity decreased withmeta-substituted substrates. A synthesis of 3-(ortho-dimethylaminophenyl)-tricarbonylchromium-1-phenyl-2-propenone (4) and 3-(meta-dimethylaminophenyl)-tricarbonylchromium-1-phenyl-2-propenone (8) is described. Methods for the estimation of diastereomeric excess (d.e.) and — after decomplexation — enantiomeric excess (e.e.) are compared. The absolute chiralities of complexes were determined by optical comparison and by chemical correlation.

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Enantioselektive Chromatographie von chiralen Chalcon-tricarbonylchrom-Komplexen und ihre Verwendung in stereoselektiven Michael-Additionen

Zusammenfassung Die Enantiomeren der im Titel genannten Verbindungen1–8 wurden durch enantioselektive Chromatographie an mikrokristalliner Triacetylcellulose in Ethanol getrennt. Die Michael-Addition von Malonsäuredimethylester an dieortho-substituierten Komplexe1,2 und3 verläuft stereospezifisch, während aus denmeta-substituierten Komplexen Gemische der Diastereomeren erhalten werden. Die Darstellung von 3-(ortho-Dimethylaminophenyl)-tricarbonylchrom-1-phenyl-2-propenon (4) und 3-(meta-Dimethylaminophenyl)-tricarbonylchrom-1-phenyl-2-propenon (8) wird beschrieben. Methoden zur Bestimmung des diastereomeren Überschusses (d.e.) und — nach Dekomplexierung — des enantiomeren Überschusses (e.e.) werden einer kritischen Bewertung unterzogen. Die chiroptischen Eigenschaften und die Absolutkonfigurationen der Komplexe wurden bestimmt; letztere durch optischen Vergleich und/oder chemische Korrelation.

     

A new class of chiral pyrrolidine-pyridine conjugate base catalysts for use in asymmetric Michael addition reactions

Direct catalytic asymmetric Michael addition reactions of ketones to nitroolefins using newly developed chiral pyrrolidine-pyridine conjugate bases as catalysts are described. The desired 1,4-adducts are obtained in excellent yields with high enantio- and diastereoselectivities.     

Synthesis and structural studies of NCN diimine palladium pincer complexes bearing m-terphenyl scaffolds

The reaction of 2,6-[2-{RN=C(H)}C(6)H(4)](2)C(6)H(3)I [R = Ph (4), Cy (5), 2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3) (6), 2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2) (7), (S)-alpha-methylbenzyl (8)] with Pd(2)(dba)(3) afforded the NCN diimine pincer palladium complexes [2,6-[2-{RN=C(H)}C(6)H(4)](2)C(6)H(3)PdI] (9-13) by oxidative addition of the C-I bonds of the ligand precursors. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of complexes 9-13 reveal formal C(2)-symmetric environments. Variable-temperature NMR studies of complexes 11 and 12 show hindered rotation about the N-Ar bonds and also suggest that atropisomers of complexes 9-13 do not interconvert on the NMR time scale. Consistent with this proposal, isolation of the two possible isomers of 13 (13a and 13b) was possible, and their structures and NMR properties have been examined in detail.     

Preparation and application of chiral spiro nitrogen-containing ligands for cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition

Two novel chiral spiro nitrogen-containing ligands, 7,7′-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamido)-1,1′-spirobiindane (abbreviated as SIPAD) and 7,7′-bis(2-quinolinecarboxamido)-1,1′-spirobiindane (abbreviated as SIQAD), were conveniently prepared from 1,1′-spirobiindane-7,7′-dicarboxylic acid in high yields (85% and 84%, respectively) in two steps. The cobalt complexes prepared in situ from Co(OAc)₂ and the ligands have been proven to be efficient catalysts for the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of malonates to chalcone derivatives. The alkylation products were obtained in high yields with moderate enantiomeric excesses under mild reaction conditions.     

Catalytic enantioselective Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes catalyzed by well-defined chiral ru amido complexes

Well-defined chiral Ru amido complexes promoted asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds including malonates, beta-keto esters, and 1,3-diketones to nitroalkenes to give the corresponding adducts with excellent ees and in excellent yields.     

Development of catalytic asymmetric reactions via chiral palladium enolates

This article describes the generation of chiral palladium enolates and their application to several kinds of catalytic asymmetric reactions. Two methods to generate chiral enolates were developed using novel cationic palladium complexes 1 and 2 . In these processes, water or a hydroxo ligand on palladium metal plays an important role as a nucleophile to promote the transmetallation or as a Brønsted base to abstract an acidic α‐proton of the carbonyl group. These enolates showed sufficient reactivity with various electrophiles. Using a chiral Pd enolate as a key intermediate, highly enantioselective reactions such as catalytic aldol reactions, Mannich‐type reactions, Michael reactions, and fluorination reactions were developed. The unique structures of the palladium enolate complexes were elucidated and reaction mechanisms are proposed. © 2004 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 4: 231–242; 2004: Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20017     

Noncovalently supported heterogeneous chiral amine catalysts for asymmetric direct aldol and Michael addition reactions

A new strategy for the immobilization of asymmetric organocatalysts by combining polystyrene (PS)/sulfonic acids and chiral amines in situ through acid-base interactions is presented. The PS/sulfonic acids play a dual role as catalyst anchors and modulators for activity and stereoselectivity. Different types of polymeric sulfonic acids were examined and 1% divinylbenzene (DVB) cross-linked PS/sulfonic acid 1 e with a medium loading of sulfonic acid moieties was found to be the optimal support. Furthermore, the noncovalency of this system allows combinatorial screening of optimal catalysts for the targeted reactions. In this regard, highly efficient and enantioselective heterogeneous catalysts were identified for the asymmetric direct aldol and Michael addition reactions. The catalysts could be easily recovered by filtration and reused for six cycles with similar stereoselectivity but slightly decreased activity. Significantly, the deactivated catalysts could be regenerated following an acidic washing/amine recharging procedure.     

Synthesis of new chiral macrocycles-based glycolipids and its application in asymmetric Michael addition

A series of new mix aza- and thia-macrocyclic glycolipids (9, 10, 16 and 17) have been synthesized and their enantiomeric selectivity was studied. The synthesis of the macrocycles involved a simple protection of two hydroxyl groups of the glycolipids followed by building up the mix-heteroatom macrocyclic in simple sequences. The macrocycles and previously investigated analogues (18, 19, 20 and 21) have been applied as phase transfer catalysts in the enantioselective Michael addition of 2-nitropropane to chalcone and showed good-to-excellent enantiomer excess (ee). Among the catalysts, the galactose aza-crown ether-based glycolipid 21 proved to be the most effective with 90% ee.

Graphic abstract

     

Catalytic asymmetric Nazarov reactions promoted by chiral Lewis acid complexes

Divinyl ketones bearing alpha-ester or alpha-amide groups undergo Nazarov cyclizations to give cylopentenones using copper-bisoxazoline Lewis acid complexes with moderate to good ees. [reaction: see text]     

Catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reactions of fluorinated ketoesters with N-Boc aldimines in the presence of chiral palladium complexes

The catalytic enantioselective Mannich reaction promoted by chiral palladium complexes is described. The treatment of α-fluoro-β-ketoesters with N-Boc-aldimines under mild reaction conditions afforded the corresponding β-aminated α-fluoro-β-ketoesters with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).     

Pyrrolidine-carbamate based new and efficient chiral organocatalyst for asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins

The novel ((S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl phenylcarbamate was synthesized and used as an efficient organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic/acyclic ketones to nitroolefins. Interestingly, the resulting Michael adducts were obtained in good to high yields (up to 96%) with excellent stereoselectivity (ee up to >99%, dr up to >99:1) without using any additive.     

Catalytic asymmetric construction of spirocyclopentaneoxindoles by a combined Ru-catalyzed cross-metathesis/double Michael addition sequence

Biologically important and synthetically challenging spirocyclopentaneoxindoles with four contiguous stereocenters including one spiroquaternary stereocenter have been constructed in good yields (72-87%) with excellent diastereoselectivity (16:1→30:1 dr) and enantioselectivity (93→99% ee) by a combined Ru-catalyzed cross-metathesis/organocatalyzed asymmetric double-Michael addition sequence.     

Highly efficient asymmetric Michael addition of aldehyde to nitroolefin using perhydroindolic acid as a chiral organocatalyst

Perhydroindolic acids, the by-products obtained in the industrial production of a trandolapril intermediate, were used as chiral organocatalysts in asymmetric Michael addition reactions of aldehydes to nitroolefins. These proline-like catalysts are unique for their rigid bicyclic structure with two H atoms attached to the bridgehead C atoms lying on the opposite side of the ring. They therefore showed high efficiency in asymmetric Michael additions of aldehydes to nitroolefins. Under the optimal conditions, excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 99/1 dr and 98% ee) were obtained with high chemical yields for a series of aldehydes and nitroolefins using only 5 mol% catalyst loading. The methodology features easily available catalysts, high catalytic efficiency and environmentally green procedures.     

The first solid phase synthesis of pincer palladium complexes

Both dimeric μ-chlorine bridged and monomeric bidentate Pd(II) complexes with SCN hybrid pincer-type ligands, bearing thiophosphoryl group and imine moiety of the benzothiazole ring as coordination arms, formed in the reaction with (PhCN)(2)PdCl(2) under kinetic control (20 °C, dichloromethane solution) were readily converted into the corresponding SCN pincer complexes via solid phase synthesis (neat, 200 °C, 15 min). The synthesis of pincer complexes can be performed also by heating (200 °C, 5 min) of a homogeneous mixture of the initial reactants, namely, the ligand and (PhCN)(2)PdCl(2), obtained by manual grinding in a mortar. The efficacy of solid phase approaches is comparable with the analogous synthesis in solutions under severe conditions.     

Catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation at a chiral platform

Novel chiral Robson-type macrocyclic complexes M(2)-L [where M = Mn(II), Mn(III), Co(II) and Co(III) and L denotes tetra-Schiff base chiral ligands, L1 or L2] have been synthesized by metal template condensation of 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl-phenol, with 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane (L1) or 1R,2R-diphenylethylenediamine (L2). The dinuclear Co(II) and Co(III) complexes catalyze asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene with diazoacetate cooperatively and with high enantioselectivity.