氟化氢的分析方法综述

简单介绍了氟化氢的性质,叙述了化学滴定法、比色法、氟离子选择电极法和离子色谱法等常用分析方法在氟化氢分析方面的应用原理及优缺点.对近年来发展起来的一些新的氟化氢分析方法如荧光分析法、发射光谱法、流动注射系统测氟法和傅立叶红外光谱法进行了阐述.     

氟离子选择电极法在测试中应注意的问题

氟元素的测定方法主要有茜素酮比色法和氟离子选择电极法。前者使用试剂较多,但结果准确;后者具有结构简单牢固、灵敏度高、晌应速度快等优点而被广泛地应用。本文就氟离子选择电极法测试中应注意的问题进行归纳和总结。1　电极的响应极限氟离子选择电极在初次使用时,应首先测试其响应极限,由此可准确估计样品的最低检出限。氟离子选择电极的响应极限为0.05mg/L左右。若待测液中氟离子活度小于电极的响应极限,可使用标准加入法,克服因测试电位值与氟离子活度的对数不成线性关系造成的误差,满足分析测试的精密度和准确度。2　氟离子选择电极…     

用氟离子选择电极测定包头矿中氟

虽然氟离子选择电极在分析中已获得广泛的应用,但是用该电极电位法测定包头矿中氟的结果,人们尚有疑义。本文研究了酸溶蒸馏分离-氟离子电极法测定氟时,稀土元素对氟的回收率的影响和几种常用掩蔽体系对铝(Ⅲ)的掩蔽效果及其试验条件。拟定了碱熔试样,以氟离子电极法测定包头矿中氟的方法,並对     

离子选择电极法和新氟试剂光度法测定空气中HF的比较

对离子选择电极法与新氟试剂光度法的特性指标进行了比对研究。结果表明,离子选择电极法检出限为0.01 mg/L,线性范围为0.04～1 900 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.16%～0.30%,加标回收率为101%;新氟试剂光度法检出限为0.05 mg/L,线性范围为0.06～1.5 mg/L,相对标准偏差为1.05%～2.10%,加标回收率为105%。两种方法结果无显著性差异,但离子选择电极法与新氟试剂光度法相比,测定下限低,测定范围宽,精密度、准确度较高,因此选定离子选择电极法作为制定大气中氟化氢测定法国家标准的基础。     

氟离子电极法用于磷肥厂废水中氟的测定

磷肥厂废水中氟的测定从前大都用比色法。1966年Frant和Ross提出了氟离子选择电极后,氟的测定得到很大的改进。这种方法测定范围较广,干扰少,操作手续简便,快速,因此得到了广泛的研究和应用。我们对四川地区一些磷肥厂废水中的氟用电极法进行了测定。这类废水除极个别铝离子含量特高的以外,绝大部分废水中共存离子对氟的测定不发生干扰,可以不经蒸馏直接测定。测定浓度范围为。     

水中氟的衍生气相色谱测定法

氟是生命活动所必需的微量元素之一。微量的氟可维护机体正常的钙、磷代谢,适量的氟能维持人的牙齿健康,促进机体的生长发育,对造血机能产生刺激作用。近年来国内外有人提出氟具有甲状旁腺功能、细胞酶系统生理功能等,但至今仍未被确认,其主要原因就是缺乏足够灵敏的方法去测定痕量的氟。 有关微量氟的分析方法,国内外有许多报道,主要采用离子选择电极法和化学比色法,近年来还发展子离子色谱法。气相色谱测定氟的方法,国内未见报道。离子选择电极法存在着测定过程中电位漂     

离子选择电极法测定对氟聚苯乙烯聚合体中的氟含量

本文研究了分解对氟聚苯乙烯聚合体的条件,建立了用离子选择电极法测定对氟聚苯乙烯聚合体中氟含量的方法,对氟苯甲酸加标回收率为９９．９％,对氟聚苯乙烯分析结果的相对标准偏差为２．７％,方法简便,准确。     

碱融浸取–离子选择电极法测定固体废物中的总氟

采用氢氧化钠熔融浸取固体废物中的氟,用离子选择电极法测定其中的总氟含量。固体废物样品经氢氧化钠高温熔融后,以热纯水浸取并加入适量的盐酸使溶液呈弱碱性,去除主要干扰离子。测定氟的线性范围为5.00~500μg,线性相关系数r=0.999 6,检出限为12.5 mg/kg。6种类型固体废物样品的加标回收率在90.4%~110.0%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.3%~4.6%(n=6)。该方法样品预处理简单、重现性好、检出限低,适用于多种固体废物中总氟的测定。     

膦腈氟橡胶中氟的电极法测定

膦腈氟橡胶中氟含量约为55%,磷含量约为9%,若按一般的容量或比色法测量氟,需先除磷,手续繁琐,测量范围受较大限制。本文介绍氟离子选择性电极法,不需除磷,方法简易、准确、灵敏、测量范围宽,适于常量及微量分析。     

流动注射离子选择电极电位法测定水中氟化物

N.T.Crosby等曾详细地比较了饮用水和其它水质中氟化物的各种比色法和离子选择电极法,指出电极法的有效性。本文以自制流通氟电极为检测器,用于流动注射分析,测定了80样次/时的样品,减少了试剂和样品消耗,用峰高(峰顶电位和基线电位差)表示分析结果,消除了基线电位随时间漂移影响。同时,在其分析体系中,恒定的流速、高度重复的     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

On the theory underlying the Car-Parrinello method and the role of the fictitious mass parameter

The theory underlying the Car-Parrinello extended-Lagrangian approach to ab initio molecular dynamics (CPMD) is reviewed and reexamined using "heavy" ice as a test system. It is emphasized that the adiabatic decoupling in CPMD is not a decoupling of electronic orbitals from the ions but only a decoupling of a subset of the orbital vibrational modes from the rest of the necessarily coupled system of orbitals and ions. Recent work [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 14 (2002)] has pointed out that, due to the orbital-ion coupling that remains once adiabatic decoupling has been achieved, a large value of the fictitious mass mu can lead to systematic errors in the computed forces in CPMD. These errors are further investigated in the present work with a focus on those parts of these errors that are not corrected simply by rescaling the masses of the ions. It is suggested that any comparison of the efficiencies of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and CPMD should be performed at a similar level of accuracy. If accuracy is judged according to the average magnitude of the systematic errors in the computed forces, the efficiency of BOMD compares more favorably to that of CPMD than previous comparisons have suggested.