精细化工行业蓄热式热氧化炉系统安全设计优化

基于当前精细化工行业蓄热式热氧化炉(Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer,RTO)运行过程中安全事故频发现状,从废气输送管道设计、RTO系统主体设计、RTO系统调试三个方面探讨了RTO系统的安全设计优化方法。结果表明,废气输送管道应设置压力监控、排凝、阻火、压力泄放、防静电等措施,并从材质选型、内部结构、LEL在线监控联锁系统、UPS备用电源等方面优化RTO系统主体设计,规范空载调试、进气调试和运行调试工作程序,进一步提高RTO系统的安全性和稳定性。     

蓄热式热氧化炉固态二次污染物成分分析及形成机理初探

以制药工业企业三床式蓄热式热氧化炉（Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer, RTO）处理VOCs废气工程实例为研究对象,对RTO底部固态二次污染物的主要成分进行了分析,推断了固态二次污染物可能的形成机理,提出了预防性措施。结果表明：该固态二次污染物主要成分为含水率2.87%、三乙胺盐酸盐含量93.37%,邻苯二甲酸含量2.35%,其他1.41%;基于成分分析,推断固态二次污染物（三乙胺盐酸盐）的形成机理可能是由于未参与燃烧反应的三乙胺与含氯有机物经过高温焚烧产生的HCl在进出气室内相遇混合而成;基于固态二次污染物形成机理,提出了对含氯有机物单独收集处理或者采用四床式RTO等预防性措施。     

沸石转轮浓缩及蓄热氧化处理印刷挥发性有机废气

以印刷VOCs废气为研究对象,对沸石转轮浓缩及RTO系统的工艺参数及设备参数进行详细设计,对热回收效率、净化效率、达标排放及能源消耗进行分析论证。结果表明：进气浓度、燃烧温度、停留时间、热回收效率、净化效率、系统压降等关键工艺参数进行了设计计算,满足《蓄热燃烧法工业有机废气治理工程技术规范》（HJ1093-2020）相应条款要求;RTO日均热回收效率介于94.04%～95.10%,符合95%设计预期;沸石转轮装置对BAC和NMHC的日均净化效率符合95%设计预期;RTO装置对BAC和NMHC的日均净化效率略低于99.9%的设计预期,推断可能的原因是进出气零泄漏垂直提升阀存在微量泄漏;BAC排放浓度和排放速率满足《印刷工业大气污染物排放标准》（DB32/4438-2022）标准,NMHC排放浓度和排放速率满足《印刷工业大气污染物排放标准》（DB32/4438-2022）标准;系统正常运行时,电力和天然气的小时用量折算15.61kg标准煤。     

三嗪类除草剂生产废气治理实例分析

结合某三嗪类除草剂生产企业废气污染整改经验,总结了其废气污染特点,通过淘汰敞口结晶槽,改用密闭的多功能刮料器作为结晶设备,有效控制了结晶过程异丙醇、甲硫醇等有机废气无组织排放,高浓度工艺废气经水吸收、除尘预处理后经水吸收+蓄热式焚烧炉+碱吸收处理后达标排放,低浓度无组织废气经水吸收预处理后作为助燃气接入燃煤锅炉进行处理。工程实际运行效果良好,改造后企业废气扰民投诉明显降低。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定水中有机含磷农药前处理方法比较

用气相色谱-质谱法测定了水中6种有机含磷农药残留量,并比较了全自动固相萃取(方法1#)和全自动液-液萃取(方法2#)两种样品前处理方法。结果表明:从准确度方面,方法1#优于方法2#,所测得的方法1#的回收率在73.5%～92.0%之间,而方法2#的回收率在63.7%～89.7%之间;但方法2#耗时较方法1#少。     

凝胶柱前处理-气相色谱法测定火腿中多种有机膦农药残留量

用乙腈萃取火腿试样中的残留农药,所得萃取液经凝胶渗透色谱柱净化后用气相色谱法(带火焰光度法检测器)测定了9种农药的残留量,用外标法定量。HP-1701型毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm,1.0μm)用于气相色谱分离,采用柱温250℃和检测器温度230℃,载气为氮气,流速为10 mL.min-1,测得三唑膦农药的测定限为2.8μg.kg-1,其它8种有机膦农药的测定限均为5μg.kg-1。用标准加入法测定回收率,9种农药的回收率均在70%以上。     

热脱附-气相色谱质谱分析热环境下汽车沙发释放的挥发性有机物

汽车沙发部件在热环境中,会释放出许多挥发性有机物(VOC),污染环境,危害人体健康.本研究将汽车沙发放置在2 m3特制塑料采样袋中,在热环境下释放挥发性有机物,然后以Tenax管富集有机物,用热脱附-气相色谱质谱进行分析.结果表明:汽车沙发在热环境状态下,挥发出大量有机物,共定性检测出49种挥发性有机物(VOC),包括...     

生活垃圾释放挥发性有机化合物的仪器分析方法研究进展

综述了国内外生活垃圾样品的采集及仪器分析方法,比较了各种方法的优劣,同时列举了现场仪器检测的应用,以期对我国城市生活垃圾产生的恶臭污染控制提供技术支持.     

热解吸–气质联用法测定纺织品中有机挥发物的含量

采用热解吸–气质联用法测定纺织品中有机挥发物氯乙烯、1,3-丁二烯、甲苯、4-乙烯基环己烯、苯乙烯、4-苯基环己烯的含量。吹扫载气N2流量为30 m L/min,100℃吹扫顶空腔30 min,然后于290℃解吸吸附管10 min。色谱柱为DB–624柱,初始柱温35℃,保持5 min,以10℃/min升至240℃,保持10 min。检测上述6种有机物的线性范围分别为21.13~426.26,21.12~422.49,4.22~211.00,4.10~204.85,2.10~209.70,4.43~221.30μg/m L,线性相关系数均大于0.99。3个添加水平的平均回收率为88.8%~110.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.95%~6.59%(n=4)。该方法重现性好,测量结果准确,可作为纺织品质量控制的参考方法。     

热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中挥发性有机物

提出了热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中54种挥发性有机物含量的方法。用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源全扫描和选择离子检测模式检测。54种挥发性有机物的方法检出限在0.11～0.28μg.m-3之间。回收率在85%～107%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)小于15%。     

热解吸-气相色谱法测定植物源挥发性有机物

以Tenax-TA、Carboxen 1000和Carbosieve SⅢ为采样管填充料,将植物源挥发性有机物吸附于采样管内,样品通过二次热解吸仪解吸后,随载气进入气相色谱仪,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定,建立了利用二次热解吸仪与气相色谱联用技术测定植物挥发性有机物的分析方法。载气N2流速为30 mL/min,60℃下吹扫吸附管2 min,然后在250℃下解吸吸附管5 min,冷却1 min后,在275℃下解吸聚焦管3 min,样品经传输线进入气相色谱。气相色谱载气N2压力为190 kPa,FID检测器温度280℃;进样口温度225℃;初始柱温40℃,停留5 min,以2℃/min升温至120℃,保留1 min,然后以20℃/min升温至200℃,保留10 min。方法重现性好,精密度高,线性相关系数大于0.99;检出限均低于9×10-9g/L;解吸效率大于96%,适用于植物源挥发性有机物的测定。     

Biodegradation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Paint Industries

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) constitute significant proportion of the total VOC emissions from manufacturing and application processes of surface coatings. Biodegradation of MEK and MIBK using an acclimatized mixed culture was evaluated, under aerobic condition. Biodegradation studies were carried out using MEK and MIBK as single substrates and in combination. Mixed-pollutant studies were conducted in MEK-dominated system, MIBK-dominated system, and MEK?CMIBK equi-concentration systems to understand the concentration-dependent interaction of these compounds in a biosystem. Experimental data obtained from single-pollutant system was used to estimate the biokinetic parameters, viz. ?? _max, K _s , K _i , and Y _T , for these compounds. Among the several bio-kinetic models tested, Monod inhibition model was best suited for predicting the biodegradation of these two VOCs. Four multiple-substrate models, viz. no-interaction, competitive, un-competitive, and non-competitive were used to study the nature of inhibition for different combinations of these compounds. The biodegradation of MEK and MIBK mixtures was found to be best described by competitive inhibition model. However, the predictions were not very good for systems where MEK concentration was higher than MIBK concentration.     

土壤中挥发性有机化合物的GC-MS测定

利用气相色谱－质谱联用技术，对某废弃化工厂原厂区及附近农田的土壤中可能存在的60种挥发性有机化合物进行了定性和定量分析；采用质量保证和质量控制步骤对分析结果进行监测，结果令人满意。     

催化氧化技术在可挥发性有机物处理的研究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是一类具有毒性且对环境和人体健康产生威胁的有机化合物。目前催化氧化技术是有效净化VOCs的方法之一,它可以将VOCs转化为CO₂和H₂O。本文在总结国内外VOCs净化技术的基础上,着重介绍了催化氧化技术,并且对常用的催化剂种类、催化机理及存在的问题进行了总结。最后对催化氧化技术的发展趋势进行了展望。研究结果表明,贵金属催化剂的研究关键在于有效载体的选择及催化剂抗中毒性能的提高;与贵金属催化剂相比,钙钛矿和尖晶石等非贵金属催化剂的发展趋势为通过改变催化剂配方、催化剂形貌结构、活性组分粒径大小及比表面积等来提高催化剂的低温可还原性、储氧能力和氧缺陷,进而提高其催化性能。本文的评述将为选择合适的催化剂处理VOCs提供一定的参考基础。     

QSRR Study of GC Retention Indices of Volatile Compounds Emitted from Mosla chinensis Maxim by Multiple Linear Regression

The volatile compounds emitted from Mosla chinensis Maxim were analyzed by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and headspace liquid‐phase microextraction (HS‐LPME) combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The main volatiles from Mosla chinensis Maxim were studied in this paper. It can be seen that 61 compounds were separated and identified. Forty‐nine volatile compounds were identified by SPME method, mainly including myrcene, α‐terpinene, p‐cymene, (E)‐ocimene, thymol, thymol acetate and (E)‐β‐farnesene. Forty‐five major volatile compounds were identified by LPME method, including α‐thujene, α‐pinene, camphene, butanoic acid, 2‐methylpropyl ester, myrcene, butanoic acid, butyl ester, α‐terpinene, p‐cymene, (E)‐ocimene, butane, 1,1‐dibutoxy‐, thymol, thymol acetate and (E)‐β‐farnesene. After analyzing the volatile compounds, multiple linear regression (MLR) method was used for building the regression model. Then the quantitative structure‐retention relationship (QSRR) model was validated by predictive‐ability test. The prediction results were in good agreement with the experimental values. The results demonstrated that headspace SPME‐GC‐MS and LPME‐GC‐MS are the simple, rapid and easy sample enrichment technique suitable for analysis of volatile compounds. This investigation provided an effective method for predicting the retention indices of new compounds even in the absence of the standard candidates.     

Identification and Biological Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Plants and Insects. IV. Composition of Vapor Isolated from Certain Species of Artemisia Plants

The components of fragrance from four wormwood species of theArtemisiaL. genus were analyzed by GC-MS. The major and minor components of volatile essential oils typical of the studied plant species were determined.