微课程教学的设计与应用:以初中化学为例

以初中化学教学为例,从目标的确定、内容的选择、策略的运用和评价的实施4个方面探索和总结微课程教学的设计。从正式学习和非正式学习的视角讨论了微课程教学的应用途径,以支持学生的个性化学习,将学习与生活高度整合,利用"碎片"时间进行在线学习或移动学习,促使学生产生"更加聚焦的学习体验"。     

基于社会性科学议题的化学微项目学习*——以“物质的性质与转化”单元复习为例

在化学课堂中开展社会性科学议题的教学能够发展学生的社会参与意识,结合微项目学习模式,从课堂教学角度出发,构建选定项目、启动项目、实施项目、交流成果等4个教学流程,确立实施教学的核心问题,设计了鲁科版高一化学“物质的性质与转化单元复习课”,进行了基于社会性科学议题的化学微项目学习的实践教学,结合实践的基本情况提出4点反思。     

微项目与活动元融合的教学设计——研究车用燃料和安全气囊

选取鲁科版微项目“研究车用燃料和安全气囊”为学习内容,拆解为3个子任务,学生通过课外广泛查阅资料、绘制手抄报等方式完成对核心知识的了解、概括。课堂内采用“活动元”教学,以学生实验为主线,每个活动元对应一个子任务,对于核心知识进行深度学习,帮助学生建构化学反应认识模型,并能应用认识模型分析解决真实问题。     

社会性科学议题融入高中有机化学STSE教学的研究初探——以“有机合成的巨星PX”为例

以"PX:有机合成的巨星"的教学设计和课堂实践为例,将社会性科学议题"PX石化项目"融入高中化学有机合成教学活动中,具体论述了学生进阶学习的任务设计、有机合成流程的问题情境设置、角色扮演活动中学生的立场抉择情况,结合教学后学生对争议性议题学习过程的态度与评价及参与课堂观摩活动的教师的评价,对教学效果和学习目标达成情况进行分析。     

“原子吸收分光光度法测玩具表面涂层中铅”信息化项目教学的设计与实施

以"原子吸收分光光度法测定玩具表面涂层中铅"为例,将信息化技术和资源应用于课堂,构建了一种"信息化、项目教学、以学生为中心"的教学模式,从教学分析、教'学策略选择、教学组织、教学效果等4个方面来优化教学内容与教学活动。实践表明,信息化项目教学模式的运用,能将晦涩难理解的原理形象化,调动学生学习的主动性,丰富了传统教学方式,提升了教学效果。     

“互联网+教育”助力分析化学课程群建设

在"互联网+教育"和传统课堂教育交融时期,将微课融入传统课堂,逐步向慕课、翻转课程过渡,将专业基础课程和方向课程组建成分析化学课程群新体系,优化教学内容,传授学科思想,提升学生的专业学习兴趣和教学质量。     

“液-液萃取”实验教学内容的选择与拓展

从学生实验能力培养出发,以"液-液萃取"实验内容为例,对较为常见的教学内容"乙醚萃取醋酸水溶液中醋酸"和"四氯化碳萃取碘水中碘"进行比较,提出选用"四氯化碳萃取碘水中碘"作为"液-液萃取"教学内容。并在此基础上,增加"四氯化碳回收"和"碘水中碘的含量测定"为拓展教学内容。教学实践表明:重组的"液-液萃取"项目,不仅丰富了教学内容,增强了实验项目的趣味性和综合性,更重要的是增加了学生课堂动手训练机会,同时对于培养学生化学实验素养、提高对环境保护的意识和自主探究学习精神起到了积极推进作用。     

在药学专业有机化学教学中融入药物化学知识的策略

通过总结多年在药学专业有机化学教学实践中的经验,将"基于任务项目的学习"的教学方法引用到教学中,以选择适合教学的典型药物为切入点,将对该药物基本常识的了解、鉴别方法以及稳定性的认识等结合到学习官能团的结构和理化性质的过程中,并引导学生利用Internet、PPT、QQ等现代媒体工具进行交流,加深印象,巩固已学知识。该教学方法不仅能有效地调动学生的学习主动性,还能够增进学生对药学专业的学习热情,达到学以致用的目的,显著提升教学效果。     

突出“宏-微-符”化学思维方式的课堂教学——以“化学式”一节课为例

从宏观、微观和符号3种水平上认识和理解化学知识,并建立3者之间的内在联系,是化学学习特有的思维方式。化学教学必须以培养学生的思维方式,建构化学基本观念为重要目标。本文对"化学式"一节课的教学实录,从"宏-微-符"三结合的角度进行了评析。     

基于CBE理论的无机及分析化学实验教学模式探索

基于CBE(competency based education)理论,对无机及分析化学实验教学模式进行了初步的探索。根据企业对岗位职业能力的需求设定人才培养目标,开发实验项目,探索"自学—分享—指导"的教学方法,改革实验评价方法,增强学生学习的兴趣和能力,提升学生的职业能力。     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

“水上”(“on water”)有机反应

"水上"有机反应的发展是水相绿色合成反应研究领域中的一个突破。体系的非均相性质是"水上"反应的基本特征。水不仅是重要的绿色反应介质,在大多数"水上"有机反应中都能观察到水对反应的速度和选择性有明显的提升作用。采用"水上"反应的条件,可以使反应的规模扩大,有利于产物的分离、纯化。本文以反应的类型分类综述了近年来有关"水上"有机反应研究的进展,以及在绿色有机合成中的应用。     

Switching "on" and "off" the expression of chirality in peptide rotaxanes

The hydrogen-bond-directed synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and optical properties of the first chiral peptide rotaxanes are reported. Collectively these systems provide the first examples of single molecular species where the expression of chirality in the form of a circular dichroism (CD) response can selectively be switched "on" or "off", and its magnitude altered, through controlling the interactions between mechanically interlocked submolecular components. The switching is achievable both thermally and through changes in the nature of the environment. Peptido[2]rotaxanes consisting of an intrinsically achiral benzylic amide macrocycle locked onto various chiral dipeptide (Gly-L-Ala, Gly-L-Leu, Gly-L-Met, Gly-L-Phe, and Gly-L-Pro) threads exhibit strong (10-20k deg cm(2) dmol(-1)) negative induced CD (theta;) values in nonpolar solvents (e.g. CHCl(3)), where the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between thread and macrocycle is maximized. In polar solvents (e.g., MeOH), where the intercomponent hydrogen bonding is weakened, or switched off completely, the elliptical polarization falls close to zero in some cases and can even be switched to large positive values in others. Importantly, the mechanism of generating the switchable CD response in the chiral peptide rotaxanes is also determined: a combination of semiempirical calculations and geometrical modeling using the continuous chirality measure (CCM) shows that the chirality is transmitted from the amino acid asymmetric center on the thread via the macrocycle to the C-terminal stopper of the rotaxane. This understanding could have important implications for other areas where chiral transmission from one chemical entity to another underpins a physical or chemical response, such as the seeding of supertwisted nematic liquid crystalline phases or asymmetric synthesis.     

发展“模型认知”素养的教学实践*——以“化学方程式”为例

模型认知是重要的思维方法。基于模型认知进行教学设计,能促使教师从关注知识转向关注核心素养,从而使教学活动有效地促进学生思维能力的发展。在对模型及模型认知理解的基础上,以典型的符号模型“化学方程式”为例,阐明了教学思路和教学活动与学科观念的关系,形成了发展学生模型认知核心素养的教学设计。     

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes "on water"

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are exfoliated and functionalized into small bundles and individuals by vigorous stirring "on water" in the presence of a substituted aniline and an oxidizing agent. This is an example of an "on water" reaction that leads to functionalized SWNTs, and it represents a "green", or environmentally friendly, process. A variety of reaction conditions were explored. The products were analyzed with Raman, UV-vis-NIR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, atomic force and transmission electron microscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis.     

对“红铝”译名的异见

Red-Al是一种非常重要的铝基还原剂。国内学术界望文生义地将其直译为"红铝"是明显错误的。本文建议将其中文译名改为"还原铝"。     

“能源化学”本科专业建设建议

"Energy chemistry" was approved as one of the chemistry majors for undergraduate by the Ministry of Education in 2015. Based on the ideas and ways of emerging engineering education, this paper hereby proposed some of constructive suggestions on the training objectives, graduation requirements, curriculum system, teaching contents, teaching staff and conditions for development of "energy chemistry" major.     

"Dip-Pen" nanolithography on semiconductor surfaces

Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) uses an AFM tip to deposit organic molecules through a meniscus onto an underlying substrate under ambient conditions. Thus far, the methodology has been developed exclusively for gold using alkyl or aryl thiols as inks. This study describes the first application of DPN to write organic patterns with sub-100 nm dimensions directly onto two different semiconductor surfaces: silicon and gallium arsenide. Using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as the ink in the DPN procedure, we were able to utilize lateral force microscopy (LFM) images to differentiate between oxidized semiconductor surfaces and patterned areas with deposited monolayers of HMDS. The choice of the silazane ink is a critical component of the process since adsorbates such as trichlorosilanes are incompatible with the water meniscus and polymerize during ink deposition. This work provides insight into additional factors, such as temperature and adsorbate reactivity, that control the rate of the DPN process and paves the way for researchers to interface organic and biological structures generated via DPN with electronically important semiconductor substrates.