基于苯并噻唑单元的Fe~(3+)荧光探针的合成及细胞成像应用研究

设计并合成了新型基于苯并噻唑的荧光探针L1和L2。通过荧光光谱滴定实验研究了其在DMSO/H_2O(1∶1,V/V,HEPES,p H=7.2)中对Li~+,Na~+,K~+,Ag~+,Cu~(2+),Ni~(2+),Zn~(2+),Mn~(2+),Cd~(2+),Hg~(2+),Co~(2+),Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),Ba~(2+),Al~(3+),Cr~(3+),Fe~(3+)等不同金属离子的选择性识别能力,结果表明,探针对Fe~(3+)表现出较高的选择性,并与Fe~(3+)形成1∶1配合物,络合常数为(2.36×10~3)。其他常见金属离子的存在对铁离子引起的荧光淬灭无影响。探针L2还被用于活细胞中铁离子的检测。     

金属离子对三氯生与胰蛋白酶相互作用的影响

利用光谱技术和胰蛋白酶活性测定,明确Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)和Al~(3+)对三氯生(TCS)-胰蛋白酶体系的影响。结果表明,金属离子主要通过改变胰蛋白酶结构来实现减弱蛋白质与TCS的结合能力,且减弱效果为Al~(3+) Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+)。Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)和Al~(3+)能够缓解TCS对胰蛋白酶的影响,但不抑制胰蛋白酶的活性。为进一步研究金属元素影响TCS与胰蛋白酶的相互作用机理及了解微量金属元素的生理功能提供了有效的数据支持与借鉴。     

一种罗丹明衍生物的合成及其对三价金属离子(Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)和Al~(3+))的识别

三价金属离子(Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+))与人体健康密切相关。目前,检测Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)需要采用不同的荧光探针,增加了检测成本和检测时间。发展能够同时检测Cr~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)的高灵敏度和强抗干扰能力的荧光探针具有非常重要的意义。本文以罗丹明B为原料,合成和表征了一种罗丹明类荧光增强型探针(P),并研究了其光谱性质。研究表明,在V(甲醇)∶V(水)=9∶1体系中对三价金属离子Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)和Al~(3+)具有较高的选择性,不受其它二价金属离子及一价金属离子的影响,抗干扰能力强。同时,探针P对三价金属离子具有较高的灵敏度,对Cr~(3+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)的检测限分别为3.0×10~(-4)、2.7×10~(-4)和1.0×10~(-4)mol/L,表明其可用于Cr~(3+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)的检测。     

微波法制备丙三醇碳量子点并用作Fe~(3+)探针

以丙三醇为原料,经一步微波法制备了碳量子点(CDs),所制备的碳量子点粒径分布在4~25 nm之间,其平均粒径为16.5 nm.荧光光谱结果表明,相比于Cu~(2+),Ca~(2+),Mn~(2+),Co~(2+),Fe~(2+),Ni~(2+),Zn~(2+),Na~(2+)Cd~(2+),Mg~(2+),Pb~(2+),K~+和Ag~+等13种常见金属离子,该碳量子点对Fe~(3+)显示出高选择识别性,且Fe~(3+)浓度在10~60μmol/L之间呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2μmol/L.     

咵特烯合成中金属离子的模板效应

以乙醇为溶剂,呋喃与丙酮在浓盐酸催化下缩合生成2,2,7,7,12,12,17,17-八甲基-21,22,23,24-四氧咵特烯(1)。文献报道了在反应体系中加入Li~+、Mg~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Na~+、K~+等金属盐类对1产率的影响。我们采用固定反应时间、比较1的产率(分离产率,下同)的方法研究了Sn~(2+)、Sb~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Zn~(2+)等金属离子在合成1中的模板效应及阴离子对Li~+、Na~+、K~+的模板效应的影响。     

基于苯并噻唑Zn~(2+)荧光探针及其细胞造影应用（英文）

设计合成基于苯并噻唑Zn~(2+)荧光增强型探针BHP,在HEPES缓冲液中测其对Zn~(2+)识别性能。实验结果表明,BHP对Zn~(2+)有较高的选择性,对其他金属离子如Cd~(2+),Fe~(2+),Ni~(2+),Pb~(2+),Hg~(2+),Al~(3+),Mn~(2+),Ag+,Cu~(2+),Co~(2+),Na+,K+,Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)无明显荧光增强响应。BHP与Zn~(2+)按1∶1计量比配位,在生理条件下荧光强度不受p H值影响。在He La细胞中对Zn~(2+)的造影表明BHP可用于生物体Zn~(2+)检测。     

基于联萘酚衍生物的荧光传感器对Ca~(2+)的选择性测定

设计了基于联萘酚衍生物(LZ)的高选择性的荧光化学传感器,分别采用荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱法研究了其对Ca~(2+)的识别.结果显示,与其他金属离子,如Ag~+、Al ~(3+)、Bi ~(3+)、Cd~(2+)、Co~(3+)、Cr~(3+)、Cu~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Hg~(2+)、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ni ~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)相比,探针LZ对Ca~(2+)呈现良好的选择性.并且该探针在486nm处的荧光强度与Ca~(2+)浓度在2~7μmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其回归系数为0.994,检测限为0.8μmol/L,多次测定的相对标准偏差为2%.     

一种苯并噻唑-罗丹明衍生物的合成及其对Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Cr~(3+)的识别

以罗丹明B为原料,通过"点击化学"合成和表征了一种苯并噻唑-罗丹明类双通道比色和荧光增强型探针(L),并研究了其光谱性质.实验结果表明,在甲醇溶液中L对三价金属离子Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)和Al~(3+)具有较高的选择性和灵敏度,不受其它二价金属离子及一价金属离子影响,抗干扰能力强.探针L对Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)和Al~(3+)的检测限分别为9.7×10~(-5)、6.9×10~(-5)、1.4×10~(-4) mol/L,表明对Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)和Al~(3+)检测具有潜在的应用价值.     

金属离子与酒石酸对草酸钙结晶的作用

采用双扩散法研究了硅凝胶体系中不同金属离子(K~+、Mg~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、La~(3+))和酒石酸混合溶液对草酸钙(CaOxa)生长的影响。酒石酸能抑制一水草酸钙(COM)的生长、聚集且能诱导二水草酸钙(COD)的生成。添加K~+后,对CaOxa晶体的作用变化不大;添加Mg~(2+)、Sr~(2+)和La~(3+)后,COD的含量明显增多;诱导COD生成的能力依次为:La~(3+)-H_2tartSr~(2+)-H_2tartMg~(2+)-H_2tartK~+-H_2tart。金属离子的加入不仅增强酒石酸对COD的诱导能力,并使COM的形貌产生变化。该结果在预防和治疗泌尿系结石的临床应用上有积极意义。     

粗梗稠李色素提取工艺优化及稳定性研究

以粗梗稠李为研究对象,采用超声波为辅助手段、水为溶剂提取其色素,通过单因素实验和正交试验探究出色素最佳提取工艺,研究了光照、温度、酸碱度、金属离子、食品添加剂、氧化剂、还原剂对粗梗稠李色素稳定性的影响。通过实验得出,粗梗稠李最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶55、温度60℃、时间为15 min、功率为144 w。在此条件下粗梗稠李色素溶液吸光度为2.120。通过稳定性实验,粗梗稠李色素在4～60℃、避光及弱光、强酸性条件下色素较稳定,在氧化剂(KMnO_4、H_2O_2)、还原剂(亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸)条件下,色素不稳定。常见金属离子(Fe~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、K~+)对色素稳定性影响较小。常见食品添加剂对色素稳定性影响较大,硫酸铝钾、醋酸、柠檬酸、山梨酸、苯甲酸对粗梗稠李色素具有增色作用,蔗糖、葡萄糖具有一定的护色作用,碳酸氢钠对粗梗稠李色素具有减色作用。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。