The dynamics of quantum correlation with two controlled qubits under classical dephasing environment

We discuss the quantum correlation dynamics of two qubits controlled through the application of π$\pi$-pulses under classical dephasing non-Markovian environment. It is shown that the quantum discord (QD) and one-norm geometric quantum discord (one-norm GQD) between the two qubits, which are prepared initially in the three-parameter-X$X$-type quantum states, depend strongly on non-Markovian properties and the time difference between adjacent pulses. The freezing time of discord and one-norm GQD can be lengthened for appropriate pulse separate time and pulse numbers. And the freezing time of one-norm GQD is longer slightly than QD for both Markovian and non-Markovian cases. What is more, we find that double sudden changes of one-norm GQD can appear only for some initial parameters when π$\pi$-pulses are applied.     

The cluster expansion for classical and quantum lattice systems

We develop a high-temperature expansion for general lattice systems which can be applied to classical as well as quantum systems. Applying the expansion we prove analyticity of correlation functions, uniqueness of equilibrium states, and cluster properties for classical and quantum lattice systems in the high-temperature region.     

An existence of universality in the dynamics of two types of glass-forming liquids - fragile liquids and strong liquids

By employing a simplified nonlinear memory function proposed recently by the present author, a universal equation for a collective-intermediate scattering function derived based on the time-convolutionless mode-coupling theory is numerically solved to study the dynamics of glass-forming liquids. The numerical calculation is done based on the simulation results performed on two types of liquids, fragile liquids and strong liquids. Those are then shown to be uniquely determined by the long-time collective diffusion coefficient $D(q_m)$, where $q_m$ is a first peak position of a static structure factor for a whole system. Thus, there exists such a universality that there is only one solution for different liquids of a same type at a given value of D. This may be consistent with the fact that strong liquids are structurally quite different from fragile liquids. Finally, it is emphasized that such a universality must be helpful to predict $q_m$ from experimental data.     

Behavior of a quantum particle in contact with a classical heat bath

We investigate the behavior of a two-level quantum system in contact with a classical heat bath, e.g., a solute particle with internal degrees of freedom immersed in a solvent of massive particles. Using a combination of analytical and numerical methods, we obtain precise information about localization, time-displaced correlation functions, and the frequency-dependent susceptibility of such solute particles. We find that these quantities can have a strong dependence on the density of the solvent fluid, with the maximum changes from the behavior of the corresponding isolated quantum system occurring in many cases at very low densities. We compare the exact results with those obtained by path integral Monte Carlo. There is good agreement with the imaginary time correlations, but analytic continuation to real time proves elusive: even with the best numerical data on the former, we can only get very gross features of the latter.     

Reprint of : Transient dynamics of spin-polarized injection in helical Luttinger liquids

We analyze the time evolution of spin-polarized electron wave packets injected into the edge states of a two-dimensional topological insulator. In the presence of electron interactions, the system is described as a helical Luttinger liquid and injected electrons fractionalize. However, because of the presence of metallic detectors, no evidences of fractionalization are encoded in dc measurements, and in this regime the system does not show deviations from its non-interacting behavior. Nevertheless, we show that the helical Luttinger liquid nature emerges in the transient dynamics, where signatures of charge/spin fractionalization can be clearly identified.     

Properties of ground state and anomalous quantum fluctuations in one-dimensional polaron-soliton systems—the effects of electron-two-phonon interaction and non-adiabatic quantum correlations

Based on the Holstein model Hamiltonian of one-dimensional molecular crystals, by making use of the expansion approach of the correlated squeezed-coherent states of phonon instead of the two-phonon coherent state expansion scheme, the properties of the ground state and the anomalous quantum fluctuations are investigated in a strongly coupled electron-phonon system with special consideration of the electron-two-phonon interaction. The effective renormalization (αi) of the displacement of the squeezed phonons with the effect of the squeezed-coherent states of phonon and both the electron-displaced phonon and the polaron-squeezed phonon correlations have been combined to obtain the anomalous quantum fluctuations for the corrections of the coherent state. Due to these non-adiabatic correlations, the effective displacement parameter αi is larger than the ordinary parameter α (0) i . In comparison with the electron-one-phonon interaction (g) corrected as αig, we have found the electron-two-phonon interaction (g1) corrected as αi2 g1 is enhanced significantly. For this reason, the ground state energy (E(2) 0 ) contributed by the electron-two-phonon interaction is more negative than the single-phonon case (E(1) 0 ) and the soliton solution is more stable. At the same time, the effects of the electron-two-phonon interaction greatly increase the polaron energy and the quantum fluctuations. Furthermore, in a deeper level, we have considered the effect of the polaron-squeezed phonon correlation (f-correlation). Since this correlation parameter f > 1, this effect will strengthen the electron-one and two-phonon interactions by fαig and f2αi2 g1, respectively. The final results show that the ground state energy and the polaron energy will appear more negative further and the quantum fluctuations will gain further improvement.     

Study of surface interactions of ionic liquids with aluminium alloys in corrosion and erosion-corrosion processes

Surface interactions of alkylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with aluminium alloy Al 2011 have been studied by immersion tests in seven neat ILs [1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium X⁻ (X = BF₄; n = 2 (IL1), 6 (IL2), 8 (IL3). X = CF₃SO₃; n = 2 (IL4). X = (4-CH₃C₆H₄SO₃); n = 2 (IL5). X = PF₆; n = 6 (IL6)] and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL7)]. Immersion tests for Al 2011 have also been carried out in 1 wt.% and 5 wt.% solutions of 1-ethyl,3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL1) in water. No corrosion of Al 2011 by neat ILs is observed. The highest corrosion rate for Al 2011 in water is observed in the presence of a 5 wt.% IL1 due to hydrolysis of the anion with hydrogen evolution and formation of aluminium fluoride. Erosion-corrosion processes have been studied for three aluminium alloys (Al 2011, Al 6061 and Al 7075) in a 90 wt.% IL1 solution in water in the presence of α-alumina particles. The erosion-corrosion rates are around 0.2 mm/year or lower, and increase with increasing copper content to give a corrosion resistance order of Al 6061 > Al 7075 > Al 2011. Results are discussed on the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) determinations.     

Ionic liquids in external electric and electromagnetic fields: a molecular dynamics study

The non-thermal effects of external electric and electromagnetic fields in the microwave to far-infrared frequency range and at (r.m.s.) electric field intensities of 10^?3 to 0.25?V/Å_r.m.s. on neat salts of 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([dmim][PF₆]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF₆]) have been investigated by means of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. Significant alterations in molecular mobility were found vis-à-vis zero-field conditions. Using Green–Kubo and transient time correlation function analysis, the electrical conductivity of these ionic liquids has been estimated. The results indicate that ionic liquids respond most significantly to frequencies much lower than those of smaller polar solvents such as water, although the mechanism of the field response is almost exclusively translational.     

Environment and initial state engineered dynamics of quantum and classical correlations

Based on an open exactly solvable system coupled to an environment with nontrivial spectral density, we connect the features of quantum and classical correlations with some features of the environment, initial states of the system, and the presence of initial system–environment correlations. Some interesting features not revealed before are observed by changing the structure of environment, the initial states of system, and the presence of initial system–environment correlations. The main results are as follows. (1) Quantum correlations exhibit temporary freezing and permanent freezing even at high temperature of the environment, for which the necessary and sufficient conditions are given by three propositions. (2) Quantum correlations display a transition from temporary freezing to permanent freezing by changing the structure of environment. (3) Quantum correlations can be enhanced all the time, for which the condition is put forward. (4) The one-to-one dependency relationship between all kinds of dynamic behaviors of quantum correlations and the initial states of the system as well as environment structure is established. (5) In the presence of initial system–environment correlations, quantum correlations under local environment exhibit temporary multi-freezing phenomenon. While under global environment they oscillate, revive, and damp, an explanation for which is given.     

Spin-current-induced classical and quantum effects in the dynamics of a mesoscopic magnet

The dynamics of a high-spin quantum system with magnetic anisotropy of the easy plane type under the action of spin-polarized current permeating this system is considered. The spin-polarized current (with electron spins polarized along the hard magnetic axis of the system) induces the reorientation of the magnetic moment of the system from the easy plane to the hard magnetic axis. Analytical expressions describing characteristics of the reorientation process in the limiting cases of strong and weak dissipation are obtained. Under strong dissipation conditions, the reorientation is shown to have a threshold character with “soft” (continuous) displacement of the magnetic moment from the easy plane. Under weak dissipation, the reorientation occurs as a discrete process, that is, is accompanied by magnetic moment jumps and hysteresis as the spin current increases and decreases. At a fairly low temperature and weak damping, quantum effects arise in the system. The spin current induces excitations quasi-anionic in character, Bloch oscillations of magnetic moment precession, and tunneling between different precession quantum modes. These quantum effects, in particular, manifest themselves in the system under consideration by magnetic moment jumps and magnetic susceptibility peaks.     

A symmetric geometric measure and the dynamics of quantum discord

A symmetric measure of quantum correlation based on the Hilbert-Schmidt distance is presented in this paper. For two-qubit states, we considerably simplify the optimization procedure so that numerical evaluation can be performed efficiently. Analytical expressions for the quantum correlation are attained for some special states. We further investigate the dynamics of quantum correlation of the system qubits in the presence of independent dissipative environments. Several nontrivial aspects are demonstrated. We find that the quantum correlation can increase even if the system state is suffering from dissipative noise. Sudden changes occur, even twice, in the time evolution of quantum correlation. There exists a certain correspondence between the evolution of quantum correlation in the systems and that in the environments, and the quantum correlation in the systems will be transferred into the environments completely and asymptotically.     

Energy transfer and quantum correlation dynamics in FMO light-harvesting complex

The dynamics of energy transfer in Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) light-harvesting complex interacting with a phonon bath is investigated. In this contribution, by considering the phonon bath as a source of stochastic noise, a new approach is proposed. Also, by calculating the global quantum entanglement and global quantum discord, the time evolution of the quantum correlation during the process is evaluated. The effects of temperature and initial excited state on the energy transfer and the quantum correlation are studied. It is shown, in agreement with the previous results, that the increasing of the temperature gives rise to the faster delocalisation of energy transfer and global quantum entanglement in the FMO complex. The proposed model predicts that the global discord is resistance versus the raising temperature. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the quantum entanglement with respect to the global quantum discord has a significant role in the process of energy transfer in the FMO complex.     

温度对吡啶离子液体性质影响的分子动力学模拟研究

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了温度对三种吡啶离子液体[BPy][BF4]、[HPy][BF4]、[OPy][BF4]热力学性质的影响, 得到了每个体系的密度、自扩散系数、电导率和黏度等. 研究结果表明: 随着温度升高, 同一种离子液体的密度减小, 阴阳离子的自扩散系数明显增大, 电导率升高, 而黏度降低. 在同一温度下, 随着阳离子上烷基链的增长, 离子液体的密度减小, 但热力学性质的变化规律并不完全同步. 烷基链长最短的[BPy][BF4]的自扩散系数和电导率在每个温度下均为最大, 而黏度最小; 但烷基碳链更长的[OPy][BF4]和[HPy][BF4]的各种性质相差不大,甚至当温度大于323K时, 烷基链较长的[OPy][BF4]的自扩散系数比[HPy][BF4]的大.     

温度对吡啶离子液体性质影响的分子动力学模拟研究

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了温度对三种吡啶离子液体[BPy][BF_4]、[HPy][BF_4]、[OPy][BF_4]热力学性质的影响,得到了每个体系的密度、自扩散系数、电导率和黏度等.研究结果表明:随着温度升高,同一种离子液体的密度减小,阴阳离子的自扩散系数明显增大,电导率升高,而黏度降低.在同一温度下,随着阳离子上烷基链的增长,离子液体的密度减小,但热力学性质的变化规律并不完全同步.烷基链长最短的[BPy][BF_4]的自扩散系数和电导率在每个温度下均为最大,而黏度最小;但烷基碳链更长的[OPy][BF_4]和[HPy][BF_4]的各种性质相差不大,甚至当温度大于323 K时,烷基链较长的[OPy][BF_4]的自扩散系数比[HPy][BF_4]的大.     

The influence of pressure on freezing in molecular liquids

We present the results of experimental investigation of some liquid alkanes PVT behaviour. Their molecular structure was investigated by MoK X-ray scattering method. The obtained data allow suggesting the equation of state and determination of the relation of these equation parameters to molecular characteristics such as molecular mass and exponents of the potential of molecular interaction.     

Asymptotic behavior of correlation functions for electric potential and field fluctuations in a classical one- component plasma

The correlations of the electric potential fluctuations in a classical one-component plasma are studied for large distances between the observation points. The two-point correlation function for these fluctuations is known to decay slowly for large distances, even if exponential clustering holds for the charge correlation functions. In this paper the asymptotic behavior of the generalk-point electric potential correlation functions is analyzed. Each of these correlation functions can be split into a reducible part, which is given by a sum of products of lower-order correlation functions, and a remaining irreducible part. It is shown, on the basis of an exponential clustering hypothesis for the charge correlation functions, that for allk3 the irreducible parts of the electric potential correlation functions decay faster than any inverse power of the distance, if one or more of the observation points move far away from the others. Hence, the two-point electric potential correlation function is the only one with a slow algebraic decay. The same statement holds for the correlation functions of the electric field fluctuations.     

On the theory of light scattering in molecular liquids

The theory of light scattering for a system of linear molecules with anisotropic polarizabilities is considered. As a starting point for our theory, we express the result of a scattering experiment in VV and VH symmetry as dynamic correlation functions of tensorial densities ρ _lm(q) with l = 0 and l = 2. l, m denote indices of spherical harmonics. To account for all observed hydrodynamic singularities, a generalization of the theory of Schilling and Scheidsteger [1] for these correlation functions is presented, which is capable to describe the light scattering experiments from the liquid regime to the glassy state. As a microscopic theory it fulfills all sum rules contrary to previous phenomenological theories. We emphasize the importance of the helicity index m for the microscopic theory by showing, that only the existence of m = 1 components lead to the well known Rytov dip in liquids and to the appearance of transversal sound waves in VH symmetry in the deeply supercooled liquid and the glass. Exact expressions for the phenomenological frequency dependent rotation translation coupling coefficients of previous theories are derived. Received 3 July 2000 and Received in final form 7 November 2000     

基于腔QED系统的几何量子失谐及其传送

研究了基于腔量子电动力学（腔QED）系统的几何量子失谐及其传送。该系统包括两个独立的子系统,每个子系统由两个二能级原子与单模腔共振相互作用。结果表明,所有初始存储在原子A1A2中的几何量子失谐最终被转移到原子B1B2和腔C1C2。同时,原子A1A2 ,B1B2和腔C1C2的几何量子失谐在该量子系统中可以发生猝死（DSD）以及纠缠突然死亡（ESD）。但是,在该量子系统中几何量子失谐不能完全由于原子的自发辐射和腔衰减而复活。此外,原子A1A2 ,B1B2和腔C1C2几何量子失谐的量,取决于其纯度p,并与其成比例,p的值越小,几何失谐越小。它也表明,在原子自发辐射和腔衰减的情况下,原子A1A2 ,B1B2和腔C1C2的几何量子失谐将经历振荡衰减并最终衰减到零。不过,在没有原子自发辐射和腔衰减的情况下,原子A1A2 ,B1B2和腔C1C2的几何量子失谐却没有衰减。