气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中的25种有机氯农药残留

利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术建立了茶叶中25种有机氯农药残留同时测定的方法。茶叶样品中有机氯农药残留通过正己烷-丙酮(体积比为2∶1)溶液提取,浓缩后过弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比为9∶1)溶液淋洗,GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)检测。方法的线性范围为0.010～0.500 mg/L。在茶叶样品中0.01～0.20 mg/kg加标水平下有机氯混标的加标回收率为70.8%～105.5%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～12.7%。除硫丹Ⅰ和硫丹Ⅱ的定量限为0.02 mg/kg以外,其余23种有机氯农药的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定鱼塘水中24种农药

采用分散液液微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法同时快速测定鱼塘水中24种常见农药。在水样5.00mL中快速加入乙醇1.0mL、四氯乙烯30μL,形成乳浊液,静置5min后,以4 000r·min~(-1)转速离心5min,有机相在VF-5MS毛细管色谱柱上分离,质谱分析中选择电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式。24种农药的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.33~7.45μg·L~(-1)之间。加标回收率在72.4%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.7%~13%之间。该方法成功应用于鱼塘投毒案件中硫丹α、硫丹β和甲氰菊酯的检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定水产品中硫丹和毒死蜱的残留量

提出了气相色谱四极杆质谱法测定鳗鱼中硫丹和毒死蜱农药残留量的方法.样品以乙酸乙酯为提取剂,经浓缩、净化、氮气吹干后用正己烷溶解,采用气相色谱-质谱负化学电离源方式进行选择离子扫描测定.各标准曲线线性范围为0.2～10.0μg·kg-1,回收率为81%～95%;测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)小于5%,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg·kg-1.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中残留的92种农药

建立了茶叶中92种农药多残留的气相色谱分析方法。茶叶样品用乙腈一次性提取后,有机磷类农药经Envi-Carb固相小柱净化,用10 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)检测;有机氯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药经串联Envi-Carb和NH2固相小柱净化,用5 mL乙腈-甲苯(体积比为3∶1)洗脱剂淋洗,GC-电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测。采用外标法定量。添加回收试验的结果表明:92种农药的平均回收率为80.3%～117.1%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～9.8%。方法的检出限为0.0025～0.10 mg/kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求。     

搅拌棒吸附子萃取与GC-MS法测定水中20种有机氯农药

建立了搅拌棒吸附子萃取/气相色谱-质谱法(SBSE/GC-MS)同时检测水中α-六六六、γ-六六六、β-六六六、七氯、δ-六六六、艾氏剂、环氧七氯、γ-氯丹、顺-氯丹、硫丹Ⅰ、p,p-滴滴伊、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、p,p-滴滴滴、硫丹Ⅱ、p,p-滴滴涕、异狄氏剂醛、硫丹硫酸盐、甲氧滴滴涕、异狄氏剂酮20种有机氯农药含量的方法.样品在室温下经拌棒吸附子搅拌吸附,甲醇解吸附后,以J&W DB-35 MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)石英毛细管色谱柱为分析柱,气相色谱-质谱选择离子流模式检测.考察了萃取时间、氯化钠及甲醇加入量等对萃取的影响.实验结果表明:在2.5 ～20.0 μg/L 范围内,20种有机氯农药呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.008 ～0.118 μg/L,水样中分别添加2.5、20 μg/L的20种有机氯农药,回收率为 52% ～117%,相对标准偏差小于13%(n= 6).该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,应用于实际样品检测,结果满意.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜、水果中80种农药残留

建立了同时测定蔬菜、水果中有机磷类、酰胺类、氨基甲酸酯类等80种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18填料分散固相萃取净化,C18柱分离后,在电喷雾正离子化模式下,于三重四极杆质谱仪,动态多反应监测方式测定。结果表明:80种农药的线性范围均超过3个数量级,且r≥0.99;对6种蔬菜、水果样品分别进行0.01、0.05mg/kg2个水平的加标回收实验(n=5),其平均回收率分别为64%～118%和72～108%;RSD分别为3.7%～29.1%和3.4%～27.9%;80种农药的方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.02～3μg/kg。方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于蔬菜、水果中该80种农药的同时分析。     

气相色谱/负离子化学电离质谱法测定土壤中硫丹及其代谢物

采用气相色谱/负离子化学电离质谱法测定土壤中的硫丹及其代谢物。外标法定量,α-硫丹、β-硫丹及硫丹硫酸酯在0.20～10.0 μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为0.02、0.02、0.03 μg/Kg,空白加标平行测定的RSD为3.6%～4.3%,土壤样品加标回收率为83.6%～86.4%。本方法定性定量准确,适用于土壤中硫丹的测定。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中10种新烟碱类农药残留

基于分散固相萃取前处理技术,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中10种新烟碱类农药的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,NaCl盐析后,提取液经50 mg C₁₈、 50 mg GCB和200 mg PSA净化,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。结果表明,10种农药在0.1～10.0μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.9955,方法检出限为0.5μg/kg,方法定量限为1.0μg/kg。在1, 5和20μg/kg添加水平下,10种农药的平均回收率为73.5%～119.1%,相对标准偏差在0.60%～11%之间。该方法适用于蔬菜中10种新烟碱类农药的批量快速检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中20种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了食品中20种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)测定与确证方法。20种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.005～0.1 mg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.991 7～0.999 6;在0.005～0.025 mg/kg范围内, 20种目标物的回收率为51.2%～125.0%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～19.8%。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,可满足国际上对食品中这20种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的检测需要。     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中拟除虫菊酯及硫丹类杀虫剂残留量

应用气相色谱法对茶叶中拟除虫菊酯及硫丹类杀虫剂残留量作快速测定.用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶剂提取样品中的杀虫剂,残渣用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1+1)混合溶剂溶解.此溶液先后经凝胶渗透色谱和固相萃取法进行纯化,固相萃取系ENVI-Carb柱和氟罗里硅土固相萃取柱连续净化.以正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1+1)混合溶液将杀虫剂从柱上洗脱,所得洗脱液在40℃蒸干,用正己烷溶解残渣,将此溶液引入气相色谱仪测定,测定采用电化学检测器并用外标法定量.共测定了茶叶样品中7种拟除虫菊酯和3种硫丹类杀虫剂,所得响应信号值与杀虫剂浓度在0.01～0.10 mg·kg-1范围呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.01 mg·kg-1,方法的回收率在87.4%～91.9%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)小于7%.     

对氨基酚络合萃取机理的探讨

对氨基酚络合萃取机理的探讨;对氨基酚; 络合萃取; 萃取机理; 萃取反应热     

Focused microwave aqueous extraction of chlorophenols from solid matrices and their analysis by chromatographic techniques

Open-vessel focused microwave (FMW) extraction with a purely aqueous carbonate solution was used for the extraction of chlorophenols from various solid matrices. After SPE on C18-bonded silica, the analytes were determined as such by LC-UV or, as their acetyl derivatives, by GC-ECD. The FMW aqueous extraction is efficient and rapid and no organic solvents are used. PCP was detected in several solid samples, with recoveries of 101-115% (RSD, 2-4%) relative to Soxhlet extraction. Similar recoveries were obtained for the other chlorophenols for spiked samples.     

超声辅助液液萃取法提取烟用香精成分的研究

采用超声辅助液液萃取法(ULLE)提取某品牌烟用香精成分,GC-MS对其进行分析,研究了不同萃取剂、萃取时间和萃取温度对分析结果的影响,初步确定了最佳条件为:以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,饱和NaCl溶液作水相,室温下超声萃取5 min.又分别与同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)和传统的液液萃取法(LLE)作以比较,对ULLE法和SDE法鉴定出的化学成分、重现性和定量值进行了对比.结果表明:超声辅助液液萃取具有操作简便、快速、节能、萃取效率高、重现性好等特点,适合于烟用香精成分的提取.     

杂粮中总黄酮的提取及含量测定的实验设计

通过学生分组，采用溶剂提取法，超声提取法和微波提取法等提取方法，测定了小米、糜子、青稞、荞麦和高梁等杂粮中黄酮含量，结果表明5种杂粮中，青稞中总黄酮的含量最高。该综合实验能够锻炼大学生运用所学实验技术解决实际问题的能力，适合作为高年级本科综合实验项目开设。     

中草药化学成分提取新技术

介绍五种提取新技术棗微波萃取技术、超临界二氧化碳萃取技术、超声波提取技术、半仿生提取技术和酶法的原理和特点,以及这些新技术近年来在中草药化学成分提取工艺中的研究应用现状,并展望了它们的应用前景。     

Improved extraction and clean-up of imidazolinone herbicides from soil solutions using different solid-phase sorbents

Extraction and quantification of herbicide residues from soil are important in understanding the behaviour of persistent herbicides. This research investigated extraction and clean-up methods for imidazolinone herbicides from soil and soil amended with organic material. A series of solvent mixes, pH conditions and sorbents was tested. Across three imidazolinone herbicides: imazapyr, imazethapyr and imazaquin, 0.5 M NaOH extraction gave greater than 90% recovery from soil samples; however, 0.5 M NaOH:MeOH (80:20) resulted in higher recovery for imazaquin, but not for the other two herbicides. Of the sorbents tested, the use of chromatographic mode sequencing using C₁₈ and SCX sorbents provided consistent high (>85%) recovery of all three herbicides from soil and separation of the herbicides from other soil components by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These two methods will allow high recovery of these imidazolinone herbicides from soil and have the ability to detect these herbicides without interference from other soil components.     

Supercritical fluid extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) provides for the first time a viable option to conventional and widely used Soxhlet extraction. The ability to change the solvating power of a single supercritical fluid by changing its density is an exceedingly attractive feature. An environmentally safe alternative such as supercritical carbon dioxide to organochlorine solvents which are widely used today in many government and industrial analytical laboratories for sample preparation is desirable. SFE may also constitute a viable alternative to other popular sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and purge/trap. Much research, however, must be done in order to understand, optimize and apply this technology. For example, (a) automation of extraction, (b) matrix effects, (c) new fluids/modifiers/additives, (d) trapping efficiency, (e) recovery of extracted analytes, and (f) extraction kinetics are some areas which need a greater understanding. This review is concerned with many of these topics as they relate to trace organic analysis wherein SFE is the primary sample preparation technique.     

Comparison of alternative and conventional extraction techniques for the determination of zearalenone in corn

Naturally contaminated corn samples of different origin were extracted using two conventional techniques (blending and shaking) and three alternative approaches (ultrasonic extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction). Use of the same extraction mixture for all trials enabled the efficiency of the various extraction techniques to be compared. Extracts were filtered and directly analyzed by LC–ESI–MS, without further clean-up. The yield from the alternative extraction techniques showed efficiency to be higher than for conventional techniques. In particular, microwave-assisted extraction was slightly superior to other techniques.     

A Unified Sample Preparation System for Extraction of Various Analyte/Matrix Combinations

A supercritical fluid extraction/enhanced solvent extraction system (SFE/ESE) was used to remove polar and non-polar analytes from various matrices. Extraction of environmental pollutants from soil, additives from low density polyethylene, sulfa drugs from animal tissue, and drug from tablet was performed using both SFE and ESE. Results showed that a single instrumental system can be used to perform both ESE with organic solvents and SFE with carbon dioxide-based fluids. Each method has its own unique advantages and applications. The ability to carry out both solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction with one system has obvious economical advantages.     

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted,Microwave-Assisted and Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Extraction on Pectin Extraction from Industrial Tomato Waste

This work aimed to study the effect of ultrasound-assisted (UAE), microwave-assisted (MAE), and ultrasound-microwave-assisted (UMAE) methods for pectin extraction from industrial tomato waste. The overall performance index from the fuzzy analytical method with three criteria, pectin yield, galacturonic acid, and lycopene content, was applied to evaluate the best extraction conditions by using the weight of 75, 20, and 5, respectively. The UAE conditions was performed at a temperature of 80 °C for 20 min with the variations in the extraction pH and the solid liquid (SL) ratio. The best UAE conditions with high pectin yield, and high total carboxyl group, as well as a lycopene content, was the pH of 1.5 and the SL ratio of 1:30. The MAE conditions was performed with variations in the microwave powers and times. The results showed that the best MAE conditions were 300 W for 10 min, which gave high pectin yield with high galacturonic acid and lycopene content. Various conditions of UMAE at the best conditions of MAE and UAE were performed and exhibited that the UAE had more positively affected the pectin yield. However, the FTIR spectra of obtained pectins from different extraction techniques showed a similar pectin structure.