高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中维生素D_2和维生素D_3

提出了食品中维生素D2和维生素D3的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。食品样品经氢氧化钾皂化后乙醚萃取,所得有机相经无水硫酸钠除水后蒸发至干。用1 mL乙醇溶解后经Agilent Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,3.5μm)分离,用甲-醇10 mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液(90+10)的混合溶液洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式多反应监测。维生素D2和维生素D3的线性范围均为50~500μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)均为10μg·L-1。方法应用于测定奶粉和酸酸乳中维生素D2和维生素D3,回收率在76.8%~83.9%之间。     

在线二维反相色谱法快速测定维生素AD制剂中维生素A、D的含量

建立了在线二维液相色谱法快速同时测定维生素AD制剂中维生素A和D的含量。依据药典对系统适应性的要求,选择一种极性嵌合的C_(18)柱(Accucore polar premium)作为二维色谱柱,再依据疏水减法模型原理和待测样品的脂溶性特点,选择C_8柱作为一维色谱柱,一维和二维分离均采用甲醇、乙腈和水作为流动相。样品经乙醇提取后直接进样分析,采用双梯度液相色谱右泵作为一维分析泵,完成含量较高的维生素A定量及维生素D的净化;采用左泵作为二维分析泵,维生素D及前维生素D在二维色谱柱上实现分离和定量。根据维生素D在一维色谱上的出峰起止时间,确定切割时间窗口,以500μL定量环收集含有目标物的馏分,检测波长分别为264 nm和325 nm。采用外标法完成对维生素D和前维生素D的定量。整个过程在密闭系统中自动化完成。维生素A在0.1~250 mg/L,维生素D在0.02~50.0 mg/L范围内线性关系较好,相关系数(r)大于0.999;维生素D的回收率为89.9%~98.9%,连续进样的精密度和重现性的RSD分别为0.48%和1.2%,表明方法的精密度和重现性较好。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测干血点样本中25-羟基维生素D2和25-羟基维生素D3

建立了一种高通量液相色谱-串联质谱技术检测干血点(DBS)样本中25-羟基维生素D2[25(OH)D2]和25-羟基维生素D3[25(OH)D3]的方法.以DBS为样本,以4-苯基-1,2,4-三唑啉-3,5-二酮(PTAD)为试剂进行分析物衍生化,所需样本量仅约相当于6μL全血当量的DBS样本;使用甲醇直接超声提取分析物,避开了通常情况下DBS样本前处理中的全血复溶和蛋白质沉淀等繁琐步骤;整个前处理过程使用自动化液体处理平台实现自动化操作和高检测通量;以25(OH)D2-D6和25(OH)D3-D3为同位素内标,消除基质效应的影响.前处理后的样本进行LC-MS/MS分析,使用C18柱进行分离,流动相为甲醇(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵)-水(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵)(75:25,V/V),洗脱时间为4 min,使用多反应监测模式(MRM)定量.结果表明:25(OH)D2和25(OH)D3的检出限为0.12 ng/mL(S/N=3),定量限为0.94 ng/mL(S/N=10).25(OH)D2和25(OH)D3在0.94~120.00 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.4%~8.6%和3.7%~15.5%,日间RSD分别为4.0%~5.3%和3.8%~14.9%,平均回收率分别为91.7%±7.9%~108.5%±6.5%和94.8%±6.8%~101.3%±2.9%.DBS样本在不同温度(-20℃,22℃,37℃)下储存不同时间(0,1,2,3,5,7,14天)后的稳定性实验显示样本总体RSD°15%.以25(OH)D参考物质NIST SRM 972a中的Level 3制备标准DBS样本,25(OH)D2和25(OH)D3的回收率分别为110.3%和103.0%.     

超临界色谱法同时测定化妆品中维生素A类衍生物和维生素D2,D3

采用超临界色谱法建立了同时测定化妆品中维生素A乙酸酯、维生素A丙酸酯、维生素A棕榈酸酯、维生素D2和D3的分析方法。水溶性化妆品和油溶性化妆品经不同比例的水-乙腈-正己烷溶剂体系按不同的添加顺序进行分散、提取后,采用Viridis BEH 2-EP色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm),以CO2为流动相,异丙醇-正己烷(1∶1)为改性剂,进行梯度洗脱分离,光电二极管矩阵检测器(SFC-PDA)检测,结合保留时间和光谱图定性,外标标准曲线法定量。实验结果表明,5种目标物质量浓度在1.0~60 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9992~0.9996;维生素A乙酸酯、维生素A丙酸酯、维生素A棕榈酸酯的定量下限(S/N=10)为4.0 mg/kg,维生素D2和D3的定量下限(S/N=10)为8.0 mg/kg。空白基质加标回收率为93.8%~110.1%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)小于13%。方法适用于各类化妆品中维生素A乙酸酯、维生素A丙酸酯、维生素A棕榈酸酯、维生素D2和D3的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中脂溶性维生素A,D3,E,K3

１引言维生素是维持细胞正常生理功能的营养成分之一。许多维生素是酶的辅基或酶的组成成分，因此，测定食品中维生素的含量是食品营养分析的主要内容之一。脂溶性维生素的分析方法一般采用生物法、分光光度法及薄层色谱法等，但这些方法都只能单独测定食品中的维生素，进入８０年代后，随着高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）技术在食品分析中的应用，国外许多研究工作者在利用高效液相色谱技术分析脂溶性维生素的研究上作了许多工作，发展了更具选择性的方法如电化学法、质谱法等，并且对同时测定脂溶性维生素的方法作了一些探索。本文旨在综合国内…     

原位磁固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱检测人血清中25-羟基维生素D北大核心CSCD

本研究提出一种原位磁固相萃取法并联合液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测人血清中25-羟基维生素D 2[25(OH)VD 2]和25-羟基维生素D 3[25(OH)VD 3]。研究利用原位磁固相萃取法高效提取人血清样本中25(OH)VD,联合LC-MS/MS测定人血清中25(OH)VD 2和25(OH)VD 3,并考察了方法的线性范围、定量下限、基质效应、精密度与准确度。实验结果表明,原位磁固相萃取法联合LC-MS/MS检测人血清25(OH)VD 2和25(OH)VD 3的检测限均为0.5 ng/mL,线性范围均为1~100 ng/mL,回收率范围为98%~103%,日内精密度与日间精密度均在7%以内。因此,原位磁固相萃取法可有效净化复杂生物样本,联合LC-MS/MS可便捷、快速、准确检测临床上人血清样本中25(OH)VD,有望应用于更多复杂样本基质下痕量化合物的检测场景。     

液相色谱-大气压化学电离串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的维生素D

建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素D的液相色谱-大气压化学电离串联质谱(LC-APCI-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷和甲基叔丁基醚混合溶液提取,ProElut VDC固相萃取柱净化,Kinetex C_(18)色谱柱分离,采用大气压化学电离(APCI)源、正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式对维生素D_2和维生素D_3进行检测,内标法定量。结果表明维生素D_2和维生素D_3在5~5 000μg/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系,检出限为2μg/kg,定量限为5μg/kg。在5、10和100μg/kg添加水平下,维生素D_2和维生素D_3的回收率为85.2%~105.3%,相对标准偏差为4.7%~8.1%。该方法简便准确,灵敏度高,适用于婴幼儿奶粉中维生素D的测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定维生素D_2和维生素D_3

提出了用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)分离和测定胶囊、油状试剂中维生素D2及维生素D3的含量。样品用甲醇超声提取,提取液用甲醇定容至100mL,经0.45μm滤膜过滤后供HPLC分析。采用Zorbax SB-C18反相色谱柱及C18保护柱作为分离柱,乙腈作为流动相,流量为1.0mL.min-1,在波长265nm处作紫外检测,进样量为20μL。维生素D2和维生素D3的质量浓度在0.50～20mg.L-1范围内与相应的峰面积呈线性关系,测得检出限(3S/N)依次为0.030,0.026mg.L-1。此方法应用于实样分析并在此基础用标准加入法做回收试验,同时进行精密度试验,测得回收率在95.0%～99.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%～2.6%之间。     

活性维生素D3类似物的合成及构效关系研究

1α,25-二羟基维生素D₃(1α,25-(OH)₂-D₃,125D)是维生素D中最具生理活性的代谢产物,但因高钙血症副反应而限制其临床应用。从对构效关系的研究出发,迄今已合成三千多种类似物。本文综述了近年来对某些A环修饰(C2位修饰、C3位修饰、芳香A环类似物、A环开环类似物)、侧链修饰、CD环修饰、seco-B环修饰和非开环甾体的活性维生素 D₃ 类似物的设计、合成以及构效关系的研究,旨在为新型较佳活性维生素D₃类似物的合成及临床开发提供参考。     

在线二维柱切换-高效液相色谱法同时测定婴幼儿强化奶粉中维生素A、D3和E的含量

使用双梯度液相色谱系统紫外检测器,建立了二维液相色谱法全自动、快速、同时测定婴幼儿奶粉中维生素A,D3,E的含量。采用了非水反相系统,以Acclaim C18柱为一维分析柱,Acclaim PAⅡC18柱为二维分析柱。利用一维色谱柱完成维生素A和E的分离测定和维生素D的净化分离;利用二维色谱柱完成维生素D的分析。一维分析以乙腈-甲醇体系作为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min;二维分析以乙腈-异丙醇体系作为流动相,流速0.8 mL/min,梯度洗脱。检测波长为325,296和263 nm,采用波长切换方式,整个分析过程仅需28 min。维生素D3在20～2000μg/L范围内的相关系数r为0.9998,平均回收率为100.7%;维生素A在1.71～855 mg/L浓度范围内的相关系数r为0.9979,平均回收率为114%;维生素E在4.12～1030 mg/L范围内的相关系数r为0.9995,平均回收率为94.0%。本方法可快速准确测定婴幼儿乳品中维生素A、D3和E的含量。     

Vitamin D analysis in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with C(30) reversed phase column and UV detection--easy and acetonitrile-free

Two physiologically important forms of vitamin D exist: vitamin D₂ and vitamin D₃, which by liver based hydroxylase enzymes are converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, respectively. These hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D are measured in plasma to assess the vitamin D status of animals and humans. Therefore cheap and reliable analytical methods are very much in demand in nutritional and physiological research. After saponification and extraction of plasma or serum samples the current method uses reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography on a C₃₀ column and with UV detection at 265 nm for quantifying vitamin D₂, vitamin D₃, 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃. The method proved versatile with respect to plasma lipid content, sample amount, and plasma concentration of the vitamin D metabolites as it was tested using plasma from six different species: cattle, pigs, poultry, mink, horses, and humans. In cattle plasma recoveries were between 86.6 and 101.0%, within day error between 0.9 and 5.9%, and between day error between 0.2 and 1.7%. However, depending on species and sample amount error percentages varied. When running the method on standard reference material^® 972 “Vitamin D in human serum” from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Gaithersburg, USA) the results for 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ concentrations were within the boundaries provided by NIST, reflected by Z-scores between 0.1 and 0.9.     

Development and optimization of an LC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneous quantification of vitamin D2 , vitamin D3 , 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3

Simultaneous and accurate measurement of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in biological samples is a barrier limiting our ability to define "optimal" vitamin D status. Thus, our goal was to optimize conditions and evaluate an LC-MS method for simultaneous detection and quantification of vitamin D(2) , vitamin D(3) , 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) in serum. Extraction and separation of vitamin D forms were achieved using acetone liquid-liquid extraction and by a reversed phase C8 column, respectively. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (QQQ-MS/MS) equipped with atmospheric pressure photo ionization source. The LOQs for all analytes tested were 1 ng/mL for hydroxylated molecules and 2 ng/mL for the parent vitamin Ds. RSD at lower LOQ (2 ng/mL) and in medium (80 ng/mL) and high (200 ng/mL) quality control samples did not exceed 20 and 15% CV, respectively. Accuracy of the method for determination of hydroxylated molecules was also validated using National Institutes of Standards and Technology standard samples and found to be in the range of 90.9-111.2%. In summary, a sensitive and reproducible method is reported for simultaneous quantification of vitamin D(2) , vitamin D(3) , 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) molecules in biological samples.     

Solid phase extraction system for vitamin D and its major metabolites in human plasma

A new procedure using C18 and silica cartridges for the extraction and subsequent separation of vitamin D and its major metabolites from plasma has been developed and compared to a conventional extraction procedure with respect to lipophilic material extracted as evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatographic profiles. The C18 cartridges were efficient in extracting all compounds tested while subsequent chromatography of the extract on silica cartridges was effective in resolving vitamin D and its metabolites based on increasing polarity. High-performance liquid chromatographic profiles of each silica cartridge fraction clearly demonstrated that the newly conceived solid phase extraction was superior to conventional extraction methods with respect to cleanliness of sample fractions. This difference in lipophilic load between the new and conventional extraction systems was most apparent in the vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D containing fractions. The new extraction system can be used when total extraction and subsequent analysis of vitamin D and its major metabolites is desired.     

Study of blood collection and sample preparation for analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The analysis of vitamin D status, with special emphasis on 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is gaining interest in clinical studies due to the classical and non-classical effects attributed to this prohormone. In this research, the influence of the two steps preceding determination (viz. sample collection and preparation) on the quantitative analysis of vitamin D and its more important metabolites has been studied. Two preparation approaches, deproteination and solid-phase extraction (SPE), have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity to delimit their application, thus establishing that detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D cannot be addressed by protein precipitation. Concerning sample collection, serum and plasma reported high accuracy (above 83.3%) for vitamin D and metabolites, while precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was below 12.9% for all analytes in both samples. Statistical analysis revealed that serum and plasma provided similar physiological levels for vitamin D₃, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, while significantly different levels were obtained for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, always higher in plasma than in serum. Sample collection and treatment have proved to be significant in the analysis of vitamin D and its relevant metabolites.     

Determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method is described for the determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human blood serum. The problems of sensitivity and selectivity encountered with previous techniques were avoided by the formation of a highly fluorescent Diels-Alder adduct following solid-phase extraction of the vitamin. After excess of reagent had been eliminated, quantification was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of the vitamin from serum was 76.4 +/- 1.76%. The precision of the method was determined, and the relative standard deviations were 8.38% at a concentration of 47.0 x 10(-9) mol dm-3, 6.74% at a concentration of 99.8 x 10(-9) mol dm-3 and 3.79% at a concentration of 146.8 x 10(-9) mol dm-3. The detection limit for the adduct was 2.93 x 10(-14) mol injected, for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, and serum concentrations of 0.25 x 10(-9) mol dm-3 could easily be quantified. No interference from endogenous or exogenous substances was observed.     

Metabolic profiling of major vitamin D metabolites using Diels–Alder derivatization and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Biologically active forms of vitamin D are important analytical targets in both research and clinical practice. The current technology is such that each of the vitamin D metabolites is usually analyzed by individual assay. However, current LC-MS technologies allow the simultaneous metabolic profiling of entire biochemical pathways. The impediment to the metabolic profiling of vitamin D metabolites is the low level of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ in human serum (15–60 pg/mL). Here, we demonstrate that liquid–liquid or solid-phase extraction of vitamin D metabolites in combination with Diels–Alder derivatization with the commercially available reagent 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry analysis provides rapid and simultaneous quantification of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ in 0.5 mL human serum at a lower limit of quantification of 25 pg/mL. Precision ranged from 1.6–4.8 % and 5–16 % for 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, respectively, using solid-phase extraction. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定钙强化食品中的维生素D

以含有体积分数为20%的0.95 mol/L柠檬酸水溶液的二甲基亚砜作为维生素D的破壁溶液,利用Chromabond XTR固相萃取柱(14500 mg, 70 mL)对样品进行提取和净化,建立了测定钙强化食品中维生素D的固相萃取-高效液相色谱方法。方法的线性范围为0.1～100.0 μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.999。方法的定性检出限为0.01 μg/g,定量检出限为0.03 μg/g。低(0.1 μg/g)、中(0.5 μg/g)、高(1.0 μg/g)三个浓度水平的加标回收率分别为106.2%,99.5%和100.1%,相对标准偏差小于10%。     

Analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A new method is described for the analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites utilizing thermospray (TSP) mass spectrometry as an on-line detector for high performance liquid chromatography. Ionization conditions were optimized for use with isocratic reversed phase chromatography. TSP mass spectrometry was employed in series with a UV absorbance detector to facilitate comparisons between the two methods of detection. Positive ion TSP mass spectra were recorded for vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3). The spectra contained protonated molecular ions, ammonium adduct ions and fragment ions due to the loss of one or more molecules of water. A comparison of quantitative precision was made by determining UV absorbance and TSP standard curves for vitamin D3 using two different methods: (1) External standard method with post-column (post UV detector) addition of ammonium acetate. (2) As (1) but using the method of internal standards with a closely eluting internal standard (vitamin D2). In each case the quantitative precision (correlation coefficient) for UV absorbance detection was superior owing to intrinsic instability of the TSP ion beam. A stable isotopically labelled internal standard was employed in the development of an assay for 1,25(OH)2D3. The assay was used to quantify in vitro enzymic conversion of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 in guinea pig and sheep renal mitochondrial incubations. TSP LC/MS was also applied to analysis of an extract of human blood plasma in which D3 and each of its principal metabolites were identified in a single analysis.     

Identification and Structural Elucidation of Vitamin D3 Metabolites in Human Urine Using LC-MS-MS

An analytical method was developed for the identification of primary vitamin D₃ metabolites in human urine using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in positive mode. Urine samples were purified using C₁₈ solid-phase extraction cartridges and analytical separations were performed by reversed phase liquid chromatography in gradient mode using ammonium acetate (0.01 mol L^?1) and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. Identification and structural elucidation of the metabolites were carried out by comparison with mass spectral fragmentation behavior of vitamin D₃ and retention characteristics. Three primary urinary vitamin D₃ metabolites were identified as 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and vitamin D₃ sulphate, respectively.     

Development,validation and comparison of four methods for quantifying endogenous 25OH‐D3 in human plasma

To meet the increasing clinical needs for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OH‐D3) detection, the development of an efficient and accurate high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) method for plasma 25OH‐D3 quantitation is important. Since 25OH‐D3 is an endogenous compound, the lack of a plasma blank increases the difficulty of accurately quantifying 25OH‐D3. Selection of a method suitable for clinical monitoring among various methods for endogenous compound quantification is necessary. Methyl tert butyl ether was chosen for the sample treatment in a liquid–liquid extraction protocol. Water as a blank matrix, 5% human serum albumin in water as a blank matrix, surrogate analyte and background subtraction were designed to address the problem of a deficiency of a plasma blank. Four liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods were fully validated to verify the advantages and limitations owing to regulatory deficiencies for endogenous compound validation. All four methods met the criteria and could be used to monitor clinical samples. Overall 30 human plasma samples were quantified in parallel using the four methods. The difference between any two methods was <12.6% and the total relative standard deviation was <5.2%. Background subtraction and 5% human serum albumin in water as a blank matrix may be better choices considering data quality, matrix similarity, cost and practicality.