高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法同时测定蔬菜中涕灭威、涕灭威砜、涕灭威亚砜、克百威、三羟基克百威5种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的方法.样品均质后,经乙腈提取,无水硫酸钠脱水.提取液40℃减压旋蒸浓缩至1.0mL,氮气吹干后,0.1％甲酸水溶解定容;采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱电喷雾多反应监测模式检测.实验...     

固相萃取-同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中涕灭威、涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜

采用同位素稀释结合固相萃取对水样进行预处理,建立了环境水体中涕灭威及其代谢物(涕灭威亚砜、涕灭威砜)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.水样加同位素内标涕灭威-D3、涕灭威亚砜-D3和涕灭威砜-D3,经HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,用Waters ACQUITYTM BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1....     

高效液相色谱-线性离子阱三级质谱法检测花生中涕灭威及其代谢物涕灭威砜、涕灭威亚砜

建立了花生中涕灭威及其代谢物涕灭威砜、涕灭威亚砜的高效液相色谱-线性离子阱三级质谱分析方法。样品经环己烷饱和的乙腈提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化后,用高效液相色谱-线性离子阱三级质谱法对样品中的目标物进行定性确证和定量分析。在Capcell PAK CR色谱柱上以含5 mmol/L NH4Ac-HAc的乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离。采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式进行三级选择离子监测,以涕灭威-d3作为3个目标物的内标物。通过比较基质匹配曲线和纯溶剂标准曲线计算回收率评估基质效应。方法的线性范围为10～500 μg/L,检出限为4～5 μg/kg。涕灭威、涕灭威砜、涕灭威亚砜在3个加标水平(10、20、40 μg/kg)的回收率为81.5%～115%,相对标准偏差为6.35%～15.1%。应用该方法对花生样品进行了测定,结果令人满意。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定粮食中克百威和涕灭威及其代谢物的残留

1 引言 虽然国家已经禁止使用克百威和涕灭威,但作为高效广谱杀虫剂,在农业生产中使用仍较广泛,其在粮食中的残留对健康和环境造成的毒害也越来越严重.这两种农药在自然界中降解比较快,在农作物中主要以其代谢物形式存在,即3-羟基克百威、涕灭威砜、涕灭威亚砜.若仅对这两种母体化合物进行监测是达不到食品安全监控要求的.许多国家对此类农药代谢物在食品中的残留量都制定了严格的限量规定(MRL).本实验采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定了粮食中克百威、涕灭威及代谢物的残留量.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物的残留量

提出了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物涕灭威亚砜、涕灭威砜的残留量。样品经乙腈均质提取,氨基固相萃取柱净化后,用YMC C₁₈色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子化正离子模式及多反应监测模式进行测定。涕灭威、涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的测定下限（10S/N）均为1μg·kg^-1。在3个标准加入水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,方法的回收率在64.1%～114%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）在1.5%～4.9%之间。     

HPLC快速分析水果中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量

运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)一柱后衍生荧光检测法,测定苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、香蕉、芒果等水果样品中涕灭威亚砜、涕灭威砜、灭多威、三羟基克百威、涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威等7种氨基甲酸酯类农药的残留量.样品经乙腈萃取后盐析,经PSA、ODS吸附剂和无水硫酸镁净化后,过0.45 μm滤膜,滤液直接上机测定,外标法定量.7种农药3种不同浓度(0.05、0.1、0.5 mg/kg)平均添加回收率在72.5%～116.2%,变异系数为0.3%～9.5%,最低检出限为0.0037～0.0074 mg/kg.高效液相色谱一柱后衍生法适用于水果中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的分析.     

多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定生姜中的涕灭威及其代谢物

建立了多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用技术同时测定生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物的分析方法。生姜样品经乙腈提取后,用多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱进行2次反复抽提净化,净化液用氮气吹干,用乙腈-水（5：95,v/v）溶解,采用正离子多反应监测（MRM）模式进行分析,外标法定量。结果表明：涕灭威、涕灭威砜及涕灭威亚砜在0.5~200 μg/L浓度范围内呈线性,其相关系数（r²）均大于0.99;在2、20、200 μg/kg添加水平下,回收率为71.4%~89.8%,相对标准偏差范围为0.7%~13.2%;3种目标物的定量限为1.0~2.0 μg/kg。本方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均满足农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物残留的快速测定。     

液相色谱串联质谱法直接测定地下水中痕量呋喃丹、涕灭威及其代谢物

建立了直接进样液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定地下水中呋喃丹、涕灭威及其代谢物涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的分析方法。对质谱条件和液相色谱条件进行了优化,以甲醇-水为流动相,多反应监测模式(MRM)对目标物进行定性定量分析。结果表明:目标物在0.05～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.996 0～0.999 3;方法检出限为0.01～0.05μg/L;以3个水平进行样品加标实验,目标化合物的回收率为90%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为2.7%～6.5%。该方法定性定量准确,灵敏度高,避免了复杂的样品前处理过程,可用于地下水中痕量氨基甲酸酯农药的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法研究涕灭威及其代谢物在白菜中的动态行为

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)研究了白菜中涕灭威及其代谢物的残留动态行为。按农民常用施药量(3000 g/hm²)将涕灭威沟施予田地后,定期取样检测,并建立其残留行为的数学模型。结果表明,用LC-MS/MS测定涕灭威及其代谢物,在0.005~0.2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为78.9%~108.5%,相对标准偏差为2.03%~8.91%(n=8)。涕灭威在白菜中的浓度升高和降低的过程均符合一级动力学模型(c=0.020e^0.136t和c=0.65e^-0.059t),相关系数(r²)分别为0.888和0.979,半衰期为29.1天。代谢产物涕灭威砜和涕灭威亚砜在白菜中的浓度降低时同样符合一级动力学方程(c=23.4e^-0.044t和c=4.54e^-0.027t), r²分别为0.916和0.972。涕灭威、涕灭威砜和涕灭威亚砜在白菜中的含量要降到国内外限量要求0.01 mg/kg,分别需要70.7、226.6和176.3天。白菜生长周期为120天,收获时涕灭威砜和涕灭威亚砜含量仍超过国内外限量要求。因此,在本文施药量下,涕灭威不能使用。该数据为涕灭威的安全使用和农药残留动态行为研究提供了理论依据。     

高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定东盟水果中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定东盟水果中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留。样品用乙腈提取,提取液经浓缩、氨基固相萃取小柱净化,甲醇-二氯甲烷(5∶95,V/V)洗脱。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水,梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,柱温35.0℃。用荧光检测器对涕灭威亚砜、涕灭威砜、灭多威、三羟基克百威、涕灭威、克百威和甲萘威进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.05~5.00mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9991~0.9994之间,回收率为80.6%~107.7%,变异系数在0.5%~8.8%之间,方法的检出限为0.001~0.003mg/kg。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.