固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定土壤中氟喹诺酮、四环素和磺胺类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测土壤中氟喹诺酮类、四环素类和磺胺类18种抗生素的分析方法。土样经含50%乙腈的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=3)提取后,以SAX-HLB串联小柱净化富集,在HPLC/MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行定性及定量分析。添加浓度为200和50μg/kg时,土壤中氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、磺胺类的加标回收率分别为67.2%～89.0%,62.2%～85.4%和55.8%～97.4%;其相对标准偏差为1.1%～17.2%。以3倍信噪比估算出氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、磺胺类的检出限分别为3.4～8.9μg/kg,0.56～0.91μg/kg和0.07～1.85μg/kg。应用此方法检测6种不同类型土壤样品,结果表明,污灌区土壤中检出有抗生素,浓度为1.72～119.6μg/kg。     

氧化锌QuEChERS/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中7种林可酰胺类与大环内酯类兽药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)快速测定蜂蜜中7种林可酰胺类和大环内酯类兽药残留的方法。样品采用磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.0)溶解,1%氨水乙腈提取,无水硫酸钠盐析,以80 mg ZnO+20 mg PSA净化。以0.1%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相,采用Waters XBridge C_(18)(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行分离,电喷雾电离正离子模式(ESI~+)扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,7种目标化合物在各自的质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r)均不小于0.999 3,方法检出限为0.21～0.35μg/kg,定量下限为0.69～1.16μg/kg;在3个加标水平(5.0、10.0、20.0μg/kg)下的平均回收率为75.5%～99.0%,相对标准偏差为0.78%～5.9%。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,能满足蜂蜜中7种林可酰胺类和大环内酯类兽药残留的快速检测要求。     

通过式固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定液体乳中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了应用直接通过式的增强型基质脂质去除柱联合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定乳品中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈为提取液，沉淀除去蛋白质后，上清液通过Captiva EMR-Lipid柱净化，使用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm)进行分离，以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，流速0.3 mL/min,柱温35℃,采用电喷雾正离子模式(ESI⁺)和多反应监测(MRM)扫描方式检测，基质标准曲线外标法定量分析。结果显示，10种氨基甲酸酯类农药在2～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数(r)>0.999,方法的检出限为0.045～0.23μg/kg,定量限为0.15～0.77μg/kg;在空白基质中添加3个水平(15、50、100μg/kg)的10种氨基甲酸酯类农药，进行加标回收率和重复性试验，回收率为68.7%～93.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%～8.0%。由结果可知，本研究方法高效、便捷、准确，适用于乳品中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药的批量检...     

HPLC-MS/MS法同时测定动物源性食品中9种吡咯里西啶类生物碱的含量

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测动物源性食品中9种吡咯里西啶类生物碱残留的分析方法。蜂蜜、乳制品及动物肝脏样品分别用0.05 mol/L盐酸、1%三氯乙酸、5%乙酸乙腈溶解,强阳离子固相萃取柱(Waters Oasis MCX)进行富集和净化后,用Phenomenex Kinetex C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下进行检测。9种吡咯里西啶类生物碱在0～100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。在10、20和50μg/kg加标水平下,5种不同基质中9种吡咯里西啶类生物碱的平均回收率为71.0%～103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.0%～9.8%,方法的检出限为3μg/kg,定量下限为10μg/kg。该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于动物源性食品中吡咯里西啶类生物碱的同时测定。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中10种新烟碱类农药残留

基于分散固相萃取前处理技术,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中10种新烟碱类农药的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,NaCl盐析后,提取液经50 mg C₁₈、 50 mg GCB和200 mg PSA净化,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。结果表明,10种农药在0.1～10.0μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.9955,方法检出限为0.5μg/kg,方法定量限为1.0μg/kg。在1, 5和20μg/kg添加水平下,10种农药的平均回收率为73.5%～119.1%,相对标准偏差在0.60%～11%之间。该方法适用于蔬菜中10种新烟碱类农药的批量快速检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法测定牛奶中51种激素

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS),建立了牛奶中51种激素的高通量筛选和定量方法,并采用信息依赖型采集(IDA)模式建立了51种激素的定性筛选数据库。牛奶样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,采用氧化锆包覆硅胶(Z-Sep)填料进一步净化。采用Waters Acquity BEH C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,UPLC-Q-TOF MS测定,基质匹配曲线外标法定量。牛奶中51种激素的线性范围为0.10～500μg/L,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;检出限为0.03～1.67μg/kg,定量下限为0.10～5.00μg/kg;在5、10、50μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为44.6%～120%,相对标准偏差为0.90%～20%。利用该方法测定了20份市售牛奶样品,其中19份样品检出孕酮,检出量为0.80～4.51μg/kg;1份样品中含有痕量的氢化可的松,检出量为0.62μg/kg;其他激素均未检出。该方法具有良好的线性、灵敏度、准确度和精密度,可用于多种激素的同时定性定量分析。     

选择性加速溶剂萃取法结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定杭白菊中19种三唑类杀菌剂

建立了选择性加速溶剂萃取法结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定杭白菊中19种三唑类杀菌剂的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、石墨化碳(GCB)和C_(18)组合净化,萃取液浓缩后以2 mmol/L甲酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)和甲醇为流动相,采用BEH C_(18)色谱柱分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测模式进行检测,基质匹配外标法定量。19种三唑类杀菌剂在1.0～100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)≥0.99,方法检出限及定量下限分别为0.6～3.0μg/kg和2.1～10.0μg/kg。在10、50、100μg/kg加标水平下,目标物的回收率为70.3%～95.3%,相对标准偏差为0.60%～12%。该方法操作简单,样品提取和净化可同步完成,自动化程度高,重复性好,灵敏度能够满足日常检测要求。     

石墨烯-管尖固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素

本实验以石墨烯为吸附剂,制作了石墨烯-管尖固相萃取装置,结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了一种同时测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的分析方法。样品采用90%的甲醇提取,正己烷去脂,乙酸乙酯反萃取,石墨烯-管尖固相萃取净化,Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以选择反应监测方式测定,外标法定量。结果表明,贝类中3种原多甲藻酸毒素在1.0～100μg/kg的范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,定量限(LOQ)均为1.0μg/kg;在1.0μg/kg、5.0μg/kg和50μg/kg 3个加标水平的添加下,回收率在78.5%～102%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%。该方法具有灵敏、简单、快速等特点,适用于贝类水产品中3种原多甲藻酸毒素的分析检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定儿童彩泥类造型玩具中3种异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂

建立了儿童彩泥类造型玩具中异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂(2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(MI)、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(CMI)和1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮(BIT))的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。样品经甲醇超声提取、离心、过滤后,采用Kinetex?C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×3 mm,2.6μm)进行分离,流动相为甲醇-水,梯度洗脱,流速300μL/min。在多反应监测(MRM)模式下定性,外标法定量。结果表明,3种异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂在1.0～100.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 0),3种化合物的平均回收率为80.2%～109%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.3%～7.0%。MI、CMI和BIT的检出限(LOD)分别为10、10、20μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)分别为30、30、60μg/kg。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中阿奇霉素残留

建立了QuEChERS前处理,液相色谱-串联质谱测定动物源食品中阿奇霉素残留的快速分析方法。样品以乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化,采用Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱。阿奇霉素采用电喷雾正离子源(ESI+)、多重反应监测(MRM)模式检测,以保留时间和特征离子对(母离子和2个碎片离子)信息比较进行定性分析和定量分析。阿奇霉素在1.0~50.0 ng/m L范围内线性相关系数均大于0.995;在6种基质(鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉、猪肝、鲤鱼、牛奶)中方法的检出限(S/N=3)均为0.3μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)均为1.0μg/kg;3个加标水平(1,2,10μg/kg)下,回收率为81.4%~103.8%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~8.9%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.