移液枪头式整体柱直接固相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定尿液中苯二氮卓类药物

本文采用甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HEMA)与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯在移液器枪头中共聚制备固相微萃取整体柱，用于直接处理尿液中3种苯二氮卓类药物(BZDs)。实验考察了单体用量、聚合时间及固相微萃取条件对BZDs萃取效率的影响，评价了其吸附性能。当HEMA用量为40 mg,聚合温度60℃时，固相微萃取整体柱对目标物吸附效率达98.9%～100%,且对尿液中杂质的吸附率低于10%。取3 mL尿液样品，无需处理，直接上样至该柱，经4 mL纯净水冲洗，1 mL乙腈洗脱，得到的样品结合高效液相色谱仪分析。方法对3种BZDs在2.5～1 000 ng/mL浓度范围呈现良好线性关系(r=0.999),检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)为0.8～1.5 ng/mL和2.5～5.0 ng/mL,回收率为86.2%～107%。本方法构筑的萃取柱制备简单，能实现对原始尿液的直接、高效萃取，操作便捷。     

固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法检测水中3种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯的方法. 考察了固相萃取柱、洗脱溶剂、洗脱体积、上样速度以及洗脱速度对萃取效率的影响. 通过综合分析, 选定SupelcleanLC-18 SPE Tube固相萃取柱, 甲醇为洗脱剂, 洗脱体积2 mL, 上样速度为4 mL/min, 洗脱速度为1 mL/min. 在此萃取条件下, 萃取回收率在83.4%～121.2%之间. 邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯质量浓度在2～100 mg/L之间均为线性. 经萃取后, 方法的最低检出限分别为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯0.06 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯0.16 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯0.08 μg/L. 方法的精密度在10%～15%之间. 应用该方法测定自来水中酞酸酯类化合物的含量, 加标回收率为83.6%～110.2%.     

固相萃取-气质联用测定水环境中痕量多环麝香

建立了固相萃取-气质联用法测定水中佳乐麝香(HHCB)和吐纳麝香(AHTN)这两种主要的多环麝香的方法.利用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱预处理水样,通过对固相萃取条件的优化,得出了最佳实验条件:洗脱溶剂为正己烷,洗脱体积为10mL,水样中添加体积分数0.5%甲醇作为有机改性剂,控制上样流速为5～10mL/min,洗脱速率为0.5～2mL/min.该方法线性相关性好,相对标准偏差在1.67%～5.48%之间,对两种多环麝香的方法检测限均为0.025μg/L.利用该方法对污水处理厂进出水中多环麝香进行测定,佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香的去除率分别为61.3%和51.6%.     

聚苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯基吡啶复合微球的制备及用于检测碱性橙类食品违禁色素

采用可逆-加成断裂链转移（RAFT）无皂乳液聚合法,制备了聚苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯基吡啶（PS@P4VP）复合微球,将其作为固相萃取材料,应用于碱性橙类食品违禁色素的检测,探究了该微球的吸附性能与最佳固相萃取条件,建立了方便面酱料中3种碱性橙类色素的检测方法。结果表明,该微球对碱性橙2、碱性橙21和碱性橙22的最佳吸附pH均为9.0,最佳吸附材料浓度分别为0.9, 0.7和1.5 mg/mL,吸附平衡时间分别为1, 3和60 min。3种色素的吸附过程均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量分别为102.04, 129.87和27.47 mg/g。实际样品分析表明,相比于碱性橙22,所制得的PS@P4VP复合微球更适合于碱性橙21和碱性橙2的分析检测,加标回收率为83.2%～95.0%。     

聚[2-(丙烯酰氧基)乙基]三甲基氯化铵-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯整体柱固相萃取结合高效液相色谱法测定尿液中3种苯二氮■类药物

以[2-(丙烯酰氧基)乙基]三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂在注射器中制备聚合物整体柱,用其固相萃取尿液中溴西泮(BRZ)、劳拉西泮(LRZ)和地西泮(DZP)3种苯二氮■类药物(BZDs),并采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析。实验考察了整体柱聚合时间及固相萃取条件(淋洗溶液、洗脱溶剂种类和体积)对BZDs萃取效率的影响。结果表明,仅聚合4 h得到的整体柱对BZDs吸附效率为100%。取尿液样品4 mL上样,用4 mL H_2O冲洗,1 mL乙酸乙酯洗脱,采用高效液相色谱分析。在最优条件下,3种BZDs在4.0～1 000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999),检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为1.0～1.2 ng/mL和3.3～4.0 ng/mL;在10、25和50 ng/mL加标水平下回收率为81.4%～102%,日内(n=3)和日间(n=3)相对标准偏差分别为1.2%～4.5%和2.5%～8.3%。该整体柱可对尿液中3种BZDs有效净化,且富集达12～15倍。方法构筑的聚合物整体柱制备简单,萃取高效,可成功用于尿液中3种BZDs的分析。     

罗丹宁-壳聚糖固相萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量银

本文采用化学修饰技术制备了新型固相萃取材料罗丹宁-壳聚糖,用傅立叶红外(IR)光谱对其进行了表征。以该材料作为固相萃取剂,采用火焰原子吸收(FAAS)法为检测手段,在动态条件下系统研究了该吸附材料对痕量Ag+的吸附性能。研究结果表明:在pH=5.0,室温下以1.8mL/min速度流过分离柱,试液中的Ag+能被该材料定量吸附,其动态饱和吸附容量为72.62mg/g。吸附的Ag+可用8mL 0.1mol/L硫脲-0.05 mol/L HNO3混合液以0.7 mL/min流速完全洗脱,洗脱液中的Ag+用FAAS法测定。该方法对Ag+的检出限(3σ,n=11)为8.50μg/L,线性范围为0.01~5.0mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.72%;加标回收率在97.8%~102.7%之间。方法用于实际环境水样中痕量Ag+的测定,结果满意。     

竹炭固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定河水中多环芳烃

建立了竹炭固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法检测水中16种多环芳烃的方法。通过实验综合分析,选定正己烷为洗脱溶剂,洗脱溶剂体积为15mL,上样速率为5mL/min,上样体积为750mL。此萃取条件下的萃取回收率在50.3%～143.2%之间。经萃取后,方法的最低检出限范围为0.011～0.069μg/L,精密度在3.3%～11%之间。用该法测定河水中多环芳烃的含量,水样的加标回收率在50.3%～138.4%范围内。     

基于咪唑酯骨架结构材料-7的涡旋辅助微固相萃取

采用漩涡辅助微固相萃取的样品前处理方法,并结合高效液相色谱检测水样中的紫外吸收剂。沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料-7(ZIF-7)具有大的比表面积,永久性孔道,开放的金属位点,以及较高的化学稳定性及水热稳定性,本文将ZIF-7作为固相萃取剂用于微固相萃取水样中的紫外吸收剂。实验考察了萃取剂用量、萃取时间、洗脱溶剂、洗脱时间、溶液pH值和盐浓度等对萃取效率的影响。最优实验条件为:ZIF-7的质量为15 mg,萃取时间是8 min,洗脱剂是甲醇∶乙腈(体积比3∶7),洗脱时间为5 min, NaCl溶液浓度为0 mg/mL,溶液pH为3。在此条件下,方法在2.5～750 ng/mL的范围内具有良好的线性,检出限为0.2～0.8 ng/mL,定量限为1.0～2.5 mg/mL。采用该方法分析实际水样中的紫外吸收剂,加标回收率为90.3%～111.5%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～7.2%,结果良好。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定人体尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯及其代谢物

建立了同时测定人体尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯及其代谢物的分析方法.对洗脱剂种类、洗脱体积、洗脱流速等影响因素进行考察,确定了最佳洗脱剂及洗脱体积为2mL乙腈、2mL乙酸乙酯和1mL乙醚-正己烷(1:19,V/V),洗脱流速1mL/min.在最优化的固相萃取-液相色谱条件下测定5种邻苯二甲酸酯及其5种相应的单酯代谢物,线性范围为...     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定茶油中12种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为吸附剂的固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测茶油中12种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的快速分析方法。样品经乙腈超声提取,MWCNTs固相萃取小柱净化,以乙腈进行洗脱,旋蒸浓缩后以0.1%乙酸-乙腈(5∶5,体积比)定容,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)测定,外标法定量。考察了提取方式、吸附材料类型、洗脱溶剂用量等因素对目标物萃取效率的影响。在优化实验条件下,MWCNTs固相萃取小柱对茶油样品的净化效果理想。12种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.005～0.1μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均不小于0.998 88;在0.01、0.025、0.05 mg/kg加标水平下,12种目标物的平均回收率为78.3%～116%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～12%,方法的定量下限为0.2～3.0μg/kg。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.