Effect of the non-homogenity on the composite infinite cylinder of orthotropic material

In this Letter, the solution of non-homogeneous orthotropic elastic cylinder for plane strain problems is developed. The dynamical problem of an orthotropic cylinder containing: (i) an isotropic core and (ii) a rigid core are considered. The elastic constants and density are taken as a power function of the radial coordinate. Analytical expressions for the component of the displacement and the components of the stresses in different cases are obtained. The numerical calculations are carried out for the component of displacement and the components of the stresses through the radial of the cylinder. The results indicate that the effect of inhomogeneity is very pronounced. Those cases have been illustrated and discussed by figures.     

Effect of filter type on the statistics of energy transfer between resolved and subfilter scales from a-priori analysis of direct numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence

The effects of different filtering strategies on the statistical properties of the resolved-to-subfilter scale (SFS) energy transfer are analysed in forced homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. We carry out a-priori analyses of the statistical characteristics of SFS energy transfer by filtering data obtained from direct numerical simulations with up to 2048³ grid points as a function of the filter cutoff scale. In order to quantify the dependence of extreme events and anomalous scaling on the filter, we compare a sharp Fourier Galerkin projector, a Gaussian filter and a novel class of Galerkin projectors with non-sharp spectral filter profiles. Of interest is the importance of Galilean invariance and we confirm that local SFS energy transfer displays intermittency scaling in both skewness and flatness as a function of the cutoff scale. Furthermore, we quantify the robustness of scaling as a function of the filtering type.     

Dual-band isotropic metamaterial absorber based on near-field interaction in the Ku band

We numerically and experimentally investigate single-band and dual-band isotropic metamaterial absorbers (IMAs) based on metallic disks. By optimizing the diameter of the metallic disks and the thickness of the dielectric substrate, the single-band IMA is observed at 16.2 GHz with absorptivity of 97%. When adding one disk-pair to the structure, the dual-band IMA is obtained at 12.8 and 15.5 GHz due to the symmetry breaking. The physical mechanics is explained by near-field coupling effect and equivalent LC circuit model. The measurement results performed in the range 12–18 GHz show a good agreement with simulation and theoretical analysis. Our findings demonstrate a new approach to achieve dual-band and multi-band IMAs.     

高磁导率材料FeCuNbSiB对超磁致伸缩/压电层合材料磁电性能的影响

采用超磁致伸缩材料TbxDy_1-xFe₂(x≈0.3)(Terfenol-D)、压电材料PbZrxTi_1-xO₃(PZT)和高磁导率材料FeCuNbSiB构造了新型的层合结构.由于引入高磁导率材料FeCuNbSiB改变了Terfenol-D的内部磁场分布,并且在磁场作用下,FeCuNbSiB发生形变对Terfenol-D产生应力,增大了Terfeno 关键词： 磁电效应 磁致伸缩材料 压电材料 高磁导率材料     

The use of the isotropic orientation factor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies of the actin filament

A Dale-Eisinger style analysis (R. E. Daleet al., Biophys. J. 26, 161, 1979) is used to produce three-dimensional plots that display the limits on the average orientation factor k ² that is required to calculate molecular distances in F-actin from fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. Maxima and minima plots are generated for the transfer of energy from a donor to a single acceptor and for transfer to multiple acceptors that are related by F-actin helical symmetry. The analysis is performed in terms of dipole cone half-angles rather than depolarization factors, in order to facilitate the modeling of the multiple acceptor problem. Calculations are carried out under the restrictive condition of a single electric dipole moment per fluorophore. In addition, both surface and volume averaging of the donor and acceptor dipoles are considered. Comparisons between the plots show that for the multiple acceptor cases with F-actin symmetry, there is a great reduction in the range for maxima and minima limits on k ². The calculations also suggest guidelines for the choice of fluorescence label that will result in an average orientation factor occurring within acceptable limits, i.e., inside the limits for which k ²=2/3 may be employed. Thus, without having detailed knowledge of the mean donor or acceptor dipole relative orientations, the use of k ²=2/3 in radial coordinate studies of F-actin is more than reasonable and is fairly assured of being correct.     

Automated interferometric technique for express analysis of the refractive indices in isotropic and anisotropic optical materials

This paper deals with the technique for the refractive index measurements based on the interferometry of a rotated parallel plate (IRPP). The device consists of the Michelson interferometer, the sample rotation system and the optoelectronic registration system. A refractive index of parallel plates is determined by their rotation through measuring simultaneously a shift of interference fringes. Although the IRPP technique is known from long ago [Shumate MS. Appl Opt 1966;5:327] several considerable improvements have been done in order to improve the accuracy of the method. The measuring process is completely automated. The method has been tested on the model crystals of the lithium niobate giving the magnitudes for ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices as n₀=2.2865±0.0007 and n_e=2.2034±0.0007. A considerable increase of accuracy is reached in our case by an automation of the measuring procedure, development of a new software as well as implementing the interferometric method for a precise determination of a sample zero position. The automated refractometer is offered for use in research laboratories and industry.     

Synthesis of nanosized Si composite anode material for Li-ion batteries

A simple method was proposed to prepare nanosized Si composite anode materials for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The preparation started with the shock-type ball milling of silicon in liquid media of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, forming slurry where the nano-Si particles were uniformly dispersed, followed by the drying of the slurry to remove DMF. The nanosized Si composite anode material was obtained after the pyrolysis of the mixture at 300 °C where the pyrolyzed PAN provided a conductive matrix to relieve the morphological change of Si during cycling. As-prepared composite presented good cyclability for lithium storage. The proposed process paves an effective way to prepare high performance Si, Sn, Sb and their alloys based composite anode materials for Li-ion batteries.     

Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料磁电容效应的研究

提出了一种以Fe3O4纳米颗粒和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)组成的复合材料为介质的平行板磁电容结构,并对其产生的磁电容效应的特点以及影响磁电容效应的因素进行了研究.对不同粒径的Fe3O4纳米颗粒按不同比例与PDMS混合形成的复合材料进行了测试.研究表明,与无磁场情况相比,在外磁场作用下,Fe3O4纳米颗粒/PDMS复合材料的电容值和介电损耗均发生了改变,产生了磁电容效应.由该复合材料磁电容效应所产生的电容变化量随着纳米颗粒混合浓度的增大而增大,并且当纳米颗粒粒径尺寸大于常温超顺磁临界尺寸时,材料的电容变化量随着颗粒尺寸的减小而增大.     

航空复合涂层材料的激光烧蚀效应

针对航空激光防护技术研究需求,开展了复合涂层材料的激光烧蚀效应综合研究。采用圆棒固体激光器作为测试光源,搭建了具有在线温度测量功能的烧蚀实验平台。在此基础上,对聚碳硅烷(PCS)涂层样品开展了激光烧蚀实验。通过对烧蚀区域形貌和温度数据的对比分析,证明了PCS复合材料具备显著的激光防护作用。同时,从理论方面对涂层的激光防护机理进行了研究,基于材料热传导方程,建立了激光烧蚀过程的热力学模型,对温度场变化进行了模拟。研究结果表明,在复合涂层的保护下,kW级激光仅产生百℃的金属基底升温。 (1. AVIC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China;2. Chengdu Fine Optical Engineering Research Center, Chengdu 610041, China)     

First-principles study of a new BP2 two-dimensional material

Two-dimensional materials have a wide range of applications in many aspects due to their unique properties. Here we carry out a detailed structural search and design of the BP₂ using the first principles method, and find a new PMM2 sheet. The analysis of the phonon dispersive curves shows that the 2D PMM2 is dynamic stable. The study of molecular dynamics shows that the 2D PMM2 can be stable under high temperature, even at 600 K. Most importantly, when a suitable strain is applied, the structure can exhibit other electronic properties such as direct band gap semiconductor. In addition, the small strain can tune the band gap value of the PMM2 structure to around 1.4 eV, which is very close to the ideal band gap of solar materials. Therefore, the 2D PMM2 may have potential applications in the field of photovoltaic materials.     

含空气层与多孔材料的复合结构隔声特性研究

基于高速列车减振降噪需求,本文应用Biot提出的多孔弹性介质声传播理论,采用传递矩阵法理论推导了典型分层结构的隔声量计算公式,给出了空气层与多孔材料对分层复合结构隔声特性的影响。将传递矩阵与遗传算法相结合,对特定中低频段内的复合结构隔声特性进行了优化。研究结果表明:空气层和多孔材料有助于分层复合结构隔声量的提高,特别是空气层对低频隔声有很好的促进作用,另外空气层与多孔材料的分配情况也影响着隔声效果。含有空气层的复合结构在提高隔声量的同时降低了结构的总体重量,实现了高速列车隔声材料低能耗和轻量化的设计目标。     

各向同性光纤中拉曼增益对光脉冲自陡峭的影响

运用数学解析法导出了关于拉曼增益与自陡峭综合效应的光脉冲传输方程,在此基础上引入洛伦兹模型将拉曼增益整合到非线性系数中来研究光脉冲中拉曼增益对自陡峭效应的作用,重点分析了高斯脉冲在各向同性光纤中传播时,拉曼增益对其自陡峭效应具体影响方式,结果表明拉曼增益会减弱自陡峭中后沿偏移程度,减小脉冲展宽,但不会影响其峰值大小.     

Spectral and polarization properties of a composite material with filler of plant origin

Based on a filler of plant origin, we have developed a new composite material and have studied its spectral and polarization properties. We suggest a direction for application of the synthesized material. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 419–421, May–June, 2008.     

层状材料褶皱对几种地质活动机理研究的启示

从制备层状材料褶皱得到启示,给出了地球地质活动的一些可能的机理性解释.层状晶体的褶皱可以通过在柔性基底上施加的单轴或双轴应力实现,这与地球的层状结构及地球表面的山体褶皱形成机理有许多相似之处.由于地球质量分布不均匀且存在自转,因此各个板块的转动惯量是不一样的,本文指出南北半球之间存在自转角速度差异,对赤道附近的地形地貌及地质活动可能产生重要影响.本文给出了地震、火山以及大陆漂移等地质活动新的机理解释.针对中国特殊的地形地貌,提出了物质流假说并详细论述了物质流的流动趋势,指出中国大陆地质活动和板块交界处的地质活动的机理存在明显差别.物质流假说可以较好地解释中国的地震灾害、矿藏资源分布及中东地区石油丰富的可能成因,为中国未来预测地震灾害及矿藏资源开发提供了新的理论参考.该工作为人类更好地避免自然灾害、理解地球上的自然现象及合理利用自然资源提供了新的启示.     

超声波对合成介孔材料Al-MCM-41的有序度的影响

在超声频率为20 kHz,电功率为500 W的超声波作用下,分别以Al（NO₃）₃和Al₂ （SO₄）₃做铝源合成了具有不同Si/Al比的Al-MCM-41。XRD结果显示,尽管超声波作用下,掺杂杂原子Al也要降低介孔材料的有序度,但其有序度降低的程度比普通水热法要小,超声波的辅助可以在同样反应时间内得到比普通水热法具有更高有序度的Al-MCM-41,即在掺杂过程中,超声波要比普通搅拌有利于介孔材料保持其骨架稳定性。此外考察了超声波作用时间对产品有序度和粒度的影响。     

基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器

本文提出了一种基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器,它主要由内金属圆环和外压电陶瓷复合材料圆环组成.首先利用Newnham串并联理论和均匀场理论推导了2-2型压电复合材料的等效参数;其次利用解析法得到了金属圆环和径向极化压电复合陶瓷圆环径向振动的机电等效电路;最后得到了换能器的六端机电等效电路,从而得到了换能器的频率方程.接着分析了换能器共振频率和反共振频率以及有效机电耦合系数与几何尺寸、两相体积占比的关系,采用仿真软件对新型换能器的径向振动进行了数值模拟.结果表明,利用解析法得到的共振频率和反共振频率与数值模拟结果吻合较好.此外,对换能器在水下的辐射声场进行了仿真研究,结果表明新型复合材料径向换能器相比传统纯陶瓷径向换能器,发射电压响应幅值更大,工作带宽提高接近一倍,声匹配更佳.     

Studies on chelating adsorption properties of novel composite material polyethyleneimine/silica gel for heavy-metal ions

Firstly, the coordination processes of line-type polyethyleneimine with Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were studied by using visible light absorption spectroscopy and chelation conductivity titration method, and the structures of the chelates were determined. Afterwards, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was grafted onto the surface of silica gel particles via the coupling effect of γ-chloropropyl trimethoxysilane (CP), and the novel composite adsorption material PEI/SiO₂ with strong adsorption ability towards heavy-metal ions was prepared. The chelating adsorption properties of PEI/SiO₂ for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were researched by both static (batch) and dynamic (flow) methods. The experiment results show that water-soluble polyamine PEI with line-type structure reacts with Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ easily and quantitatively, and water-soluble chelates with four ligands are formed. The composite material PEI/SiO₂ possesses very strong chelating adsorption ability for heavy-metal ions, and the saturated adsorption amount can reach 25.94 mg g⁻¹ and 50.01 mg g⁻¹ for Cu²⁺ under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. The isothermal adsorption data fit to Langmuir equation, and the adsorption is typical chemical adsorption with monomolecular layer. The adsorbing ability of PEI/SiO₂ towards the three kinds of the ions follows the order of Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Zn²⁺. The pH value has great influence on the sorption, and at pH 6-7, the adsorption capacity is the greatest. The fact that adsorption capacity increases with temperature rising indicates the adsorbing process of PEI/SiO₂ for metal ions is endothermic. As diluted hydrochloric acid is used as eluent, the adsorbed heavy-metal ions are eluted easily from PEI/SiO₂, and the regeneration and reuse without decreasing sorption for PEI/SiO₂ are demonstrated.     

Effect of high electric fields on the nematic to isotropic transition in a material exhibiting large negative dielectric anisotropy

We report the experimental high electric field phase diagram of a nematic liquid crystal which exhibits a large negative dielectric anisotropy. We measure simultaneously the birefringence (Δn) and the dielectric constant (epsilon_⊥) at various applied fields as functions of the local temperature of an aligned sample. We also measure the higher harmonics of the electrical response of the medium. The following experimental results are noted: (i) enhancement of orientational order parameter S in the nematic phase due to both the Kerr effect and quenching of director fluctuations; (ii) enhancement in the paranematic to nematic transition temperature (T_PN) with field; (iii) divergence of the order parameter susceptibility beyond the tricritical point as measured by third harmonic electrical signal; (iv) a small second harmonic electrical signal which also diverges near T_PN, indicating the presence of polarised domains. Our measurements show that ΔT_PN(= T_PN(E)-T_NI(0)) varies linearly with |E| whereas the Landau de Gennes theory predicts a dependence on E². It is argued that the quenching of director fluctuations by the field makes the dominant contribution to all the observations, including the thermodynamics of the transition.     

材料强度对电磁驱动固体套筒内爆过程的影响

电磁驱动柱形固体套筒内爆加载技术是高能量密度物理实验研究的重要加载方式。由于固体金属具有一定的结合强度, 需外加载荷达到特定阈值才会发生塑性流动, 且在内爆过程中塑性做功会耗散部分电磁力做功而变成金属材料的内能, 进而对固体套筒的内爆过程产生影响。通过弹塑性力学平面轴对称问题的解, 给出了套筒发生塑性流动时外加电流（即屈服电流）与套筒参数的关系。利用考虑材料强度的零维不可压缩模型对铝套筒的内爆过程进行模拟, 并分别与简单零维模型和实验数据进行对比, 结果发现当电流峰值远大于（20倍于）屈服电流时, 金属材料强度的影响甚微;而当峰值电流只数倍于屈服电流时, 金属材料强度的影响便不能忽略。     

Preparation and properties of GAGG:Ce/glass composite scintillation material

The translucent GGAG:Ce/glass composites are prepared successfully by ball-milling, tableting, and pressureless sintering. The thickness of composites is about 400 μm. The x-ray diffraction(XRD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), density of composite materials are measured and discussed systematically. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) elemental mapping are employed to analyze the particle size, the shape of powders, and the distribution of GGAG:Ce particles in the glass matrix, respectively. The decay time, ultraviolet,(UV),x-ray excitation luminescence spectra, and temperature spectra are studied. The results show that the composite materials have high light output, good thermostability, and short decay time. The method adopted in this work is an effective method to reduce the preparation time and cost of the sample. The ultralow afterglow indicates that the composite materials have an opportunity to be used for x-ray detection and imaging.