便携式气相色谱仪中嵌入式谱峰识别算法设计

设计了嵌入式气相色谱谱峰识别算法,用于便携式气相色谱仪的数据分析处理,现场使用时能够不连接计算机就得出分析结果。该算法提出了用于谱峰识别的序列映射方法,减小了对斜率阈值的依赖,增强了谱峰分析的准确性和稳定性。通过实验对比可知,即使对于复杂组分的样本谱图,该嵌入式分析算法也能较好地分析提取出样品的谱峰数据,其分析结果与实验室色谱工作站软件分析结果非常接近,能够满足用户现场使用的分析需求,提高了便携仪器在现场使用的快捷性和便利性。     

第三讲 分峰技术

光谱分峰技术是利用电子计算机处理数字化的光谱数据,把实验光谱中的重叠谱带用合适的子峰函数通过最小二乘法,来逼近实验光谱的重叠谱带.分峰技术也可用于其他光谱及色谱的重叠峰,所以是很重     

基于无基底扣除的数据趋势累积谱峰检测算法

谱峰的检测分析在色谱技术研究中具有十分重要的作用,但在色谱数据采集、传输的过程中,不同程度的噪声干扰给谱峰检测带来了极大的困难.目前传统的谱峰检测算法普遍通过基底扣除的方式对谱峰的形态进行预定义,将谱峰分为单峰、重叠峰等多个种类.针对不同种类的谱峰采用不同的检测方法,这就导致了传统的谱峰检测算法具有高复杂度、低自动化程...     

10°锥角台锥型液相色谱柱尺寸等比例放大和柱内谱带流型的可视化研究

摘要利用改进的可视化装置, 研究了10°锥角的台锥型液相色谱柱内的谱带流型与柱参数变化的关系. 将有机玻璃柱管加工成内圆台外方型的一体结构, 选择折射率一致的色谱固定相硅胶和流动相环己烷, 使整个色谱柱成为高度清晰的透明体, 能直接观察柱中彩色样品谱带的动态三维流型. 研究结果表明, 在实验条件范围内, 流动相流速对谱带流型无影响, 填料的形状和性质对塞子状流型有一定程度的影响. 比较了柱长为5cm和等比例放大后柱长为10cm锥型柱内的流型, 发现放大后的锥型柱内仍然保持塞子状流型, 总柱效等比例增加. 表明继续按比例放大成为工业规模色谱柱后仍能保持塞子状流型.     

茶叶指纹谱的毛细管胶束电动色谱法研究

 用胶束电动色谱法建立了茶叶的色谱指纹谱并用于分析10种中国名茶。这种色谱指纹谱是由相对保留值(α)和相应的相对峰面积(Sr)组成的。该方法将色谱图转换成数据表,实现了图谱的数据化;并且以相对保留值表示各色谱峰的峰位,大大减少了各种操作条件对色谱相对保留值的影响,降低了色谱峰峰位变化的波动性,提高了样品间的可比性。这种色谱指纹谱在没有标准品的情况下也可得出可靠的、有意义的结果。优化后的色谱条件是:电泳电解质为硼砂0.02 mol/L 、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度为0.025 mol/L 的溶液(pH     

谱峰漂移校正技术结合三维平行因子分析方法用于分辨中药重叠高效液相色谱信号

谱峰漂移校正技术结合平行因子分析方法被应用于中药色谱重叠峰信号分辨. 谱峰漂移校正技术的使用, 使得数据的三线性得以加强, 更适合于平行因子分析方法的分辨. 本文通过对中药延胡索色谱数据分辨, 并与经典多元曲线分辨方法对比来验证谱峰漂移校正技术结合平行因子分析方法的正确性.     

锥型与圆柱型液相色谱制备柱的比较研究

用可视化柱上图形分析对入口内径大于出口内径的锥型液相色谱制备柱的样品谱带流型进行了研究。在一定的实验条件下，锥型柱与圆柱型柱的流动相流型曲线相反。对与锥型柱有相同长度、相同容积的圆柱型色谱柱的柱效、样品容量及峰高的比较研究表明：锥型柱优于圆柱型柱。锥型柱的样品容量约为圆柱型柱的2倍，柱效比圆柱型的高36％，色谱流出曲线峰值高于圆柱型柱12％。     

色谱谱图库的建立和使用

根据EMG模型,采用曲线拟合的方法,建立了色谱谱图库,所发展的两个程序,其一可把文献中的色谱图及操作条件存入到微型计算机,另一可把存入的色谱图和操作条件显示于微型计算机的屏幕上,并可“创造”新的色谱峰,以供选择操作条件时参考。     

半峰宽规律的新探讨

〕本文在建立整个液相色谱系统质量平衡模型的基础上,求得了柱内的柱末端色谱谱带的虚拟一级矩和二级中心矩,进而利用计算机技术详细考察了色谱参数对柱末端色谱谱带半宽度的影响。结果表明不同k'的组分在k'>0.5左右时的色谱谱带半宽度基本一致;但当k'<0.5左右时,随着k'的下降,柱末端谱带半宽度也下降。如有适当的柱外效应存在,则能有效地改变这一现象。本文还详细讨论了使得色谱流出曲线的半宽度不同的作为色谱基本分离过程之一的柱末端过程,从而推测半峰宽规律可用于不同等度和梯度条件下的色谱峰半宽度的预测。     

X射线衍射多谱峰匹配强度比定量相分析方法

提出了1种采用x射线衍射多谱峰匹配强度比进行定量相分析的新方法;该法是利用混合物样品x射线衍射谱图中的多谱峰数据,结合ICDD卡中的各相标准谱峰的相对强度分布数据进行最小二乘法回归分析,求得混合物样品中各相间的多谱峰匹配强度比;以多谱峰匹配强度比取代通常采用的特定单一谱线强度比,用于混合物样品的x射线衍射定量相分析,有利于提高定量相分析的精度;采用多谱峰匹配强度比结合绝热法和基体清洗法X射线衍射定量相分析原理,通过对4组分混合物样品的分析,证实实验结果和理论完全一致。     

Chromatographic terminal band lengths

A terminal band length is defined here as the length of a dispersed solute band as it emerges from the chromatographic column. The number of terminal band lengths per column can be used in the same way that the number of theoretical plates per column is used to measure and compare chromatographic efficiencies, but with greater insight since the proposed unit of measure is an easily visualized, real entity. In addition, the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) can be regarded as a ratio of the terminal band lenght to sixteen times the number of equivalent terminal band lengths that could be contained in tandem in the column. This concept offers another approach to understanding the meaning of the term, HETP. The terminal band length of a series of homologues is constant and independent of retention time above a certain solute molecular size and column capacity ratio. Within those conditions the correlation between the recorded peak width and retention time during isothermal analysis occurs primarily as a result of change in solute velocity.     

Resolution of the Embedded Chromatographic Peaks by Modified Orthogonal Projection Resolution and Entropy Maximization Method

ABSTRACT

The embedded chromatographic peaks usually can not be completely resolved by conventional multivariate resolution methods. The resolution condition of a certain component in two-way data is first reviewed. A modified orthogonal projection resolution (OPR) algorithm and new entropy maximization (EM) method are then proposed to resolve embedded chromatographic peaks in this paper. The modified OPR algorithm performs more precisely than conventional orthogonal projection resolution algorithm in resolving the chromatography of minor peak. The entropy criterion defined on the differential chromatography could obtain an approximate solution in resolution of the major chromatographic peak. Simulated and real data show that the modified OPR and entropy maximization (EM) methods perform well in solving the embedded problem.     

Chromatographic behavior of new deazapurine ribonucleosides in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

The chromatographic behavior of new biogenic purine nucleosides in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was examined on three different stationary phases, namely bare silica, and amide‐ and cyclofructan‐based stationary phases. The effects of buffer concentration, pH and acetonitrile‐to‐aqueous‐part ratio in the mobile phase on retention and peak shape were assessed. The retention coefficients and peak symmetry values substantially differed with respect to analytes´ structures, stationary phase properties and mobile phase composition. The bare silica column was unsuitable for these compounds under the chromatographic conditions tested due to very broad and asymmetrical peaks. Furthermore, the cyclofructan‐based stationary phase provided almost Gaussian peak shapes of all deazapurine nucleosides under most conditions tested. Therefore, the cyclofructan‐based stationary phase is the most suitable choice for the chromatographic analysis of nucleosides.     

Application of Computer-Aided Spectral Deconvolution Technique in Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Peaks

Abstract

Reliable analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) requires purity of the eluting peak. The present work has combined the advantages of the availability of full spectral data from HPLC photodiode array UV detector and computer algorithms to perform chromatographic peak purity check. A deconvolution technique based on multicomponent analysis has been applied to the UV spectra of co-eluting components. This method employs residual error (Relative-fit-error, RFE) between predicted spectrum and analyte's spectrum to detect presence of other component or contaminant. Typical RFE values for uncontaminated chromatographic peaks of norethisterone and ethynyloestradiol range between 1 and 3, while contaminated peaks have RFE values as large as 145. A systematic increase in ‘relative-fit error’ from 1.10 to 145 was observed for peaks of norethisterone when contaminated to varied extent with ethynyloestradiol. Extent of peak overlap in chromatogram was also mapped out with this technique. The co-prescribed oral contraceptive, norethisterone and ethynyloestradiol were used as model in this work. An advantage of the method is its applicability when the contaminant's spectrum is unavailable. The method, unlike several earlier techniques, is also applicable to chromatograms with concidental elution time for the components.     

Data Preprocessing for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Herbal Medicine with Chemometric Approaches

Abstract

Recently, the fingerprinting approach using chromatography has become one of the most potent tools for quality assessment of herbal medicine. Due to the complexity of the chromatographic fingerprint and the irreproducibility of chromatographic instruments and experimental conditions, several chemometric approaches such as variance analysis, peak alignment, correlation analysis, and pattern recognition were employed to deal with the chromatographic fingerprint in this work. To facilitate the data preprocessing, a software named Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation (CASE) was also developed. All programs of chemometric algorithms for CASE were coded in MATLAB5.3 based on Windows. Data loading, removing, cutting, smoothing, compressing, background and retention time shift correction, normalization, peak identification and matching, variation determination of common peaks/regions, similarity comparison, sample classification, and other data processes associated with the chromatographic fingerprint were investigated in this software. The case study of high pressure liquid chromatographic HPLC fingerprints of 50 Rhizoma chuanxiong samples from different sources demonstrated that the chemometric approaches investigated in this work were reliable and user friendly for data preprocessing of chromatographic fingerprints of herbal medicines for quality assessment.     

Determination of extracolumn effects in recycle gas chromatography with capillary columns

Extracolumn band broadening in multidimensional systems utilizing flow switching is clearly undesirable. In certain cases, i.e. capillary recycle gas chromatography, the success of an experiment is contingent on the minimization of pre- and post-column dispersion of the peaks. Knowledge of these sources of peak distortion is necessary to optimize the experimental design. A system that extracts statistical parameters from real chromatographic peaks is discussed and used to evaluate band broadening in a capillary recycle experiment.     

钛-锆氧化物复合填料的正相色谱性能评价

采用油乳法制备了钛锆复合氧化物并系统评价了该填料的正相色谱性能。研究结果表明，该填料对碱性化合物有良好的分离选择性，峰形对称；但对酚类化合物强烈保留，峰形较差；中性化合物和碱性化合物的色谱行为均符合Snyder吸附顶替模型。     

三元重叠色谱峰面积的定量方法

本从色谱峰的ＥＭＧ模型出发，通过对重叠色谱峰的模拟和回归分析，提出了一种三元重叠色谱峰的面积的定量方法，三元重叠色谱峰的每一个峰面积可以由峰面积比和总面积求得，此法所需的数据都由实验色谱图上测得，峰面积计算结果的相对误差小于±５％，适用于相对峰谷为５０％－９５％的三元重叠色谱峰面积的定量。     

Chromatographic characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers

Recent efforts in the investigation of chromatographic characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have focused mainly on the nature of heterogeneous binding sites. More data on the thermodynamics than on the kinetic features of MIP columns have been published. The present article addresses the sources of peak broadening and tailing, which are the main drawbacks often associated with imprinted polymers in chromatography for practical applications. With use of the theory of nonlinear chromatography, the peak properties of a MIP column, including the retention and peak broadening and tailing, can be well interpreted. Efforts to improve chromatographic efficiency using MIPs prepared by approaches different from the conventional method, including covalent imprinting and the format of uniformly sized spherical microbeads, are reviewed and discussed. This review leads to the conclusion that nonlinear chromatography theory is useful for characterizing chromatographic features of MIP columns, since a MIP is essentially an affinity-based chromatographic stationary phase. We expect more theoretical and experimental studies on the kinetic aspects of MIP columns, especially the factors influencing the apparent rate constant, as well as the analysis of the influences of mobile-phase composition on the chromatographic performance. In addition to revealing the affinity interaction by molecular recognition, slow nonspecific interactions which may be inherited from the imperfect imprinting and may be involved in the rebinding of the template to MIPs also need to be characterized. Figure The peak broadening and tailing associated often with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in column chromatography for practical applications can be well characterized by the theory of nonlinear chromatography.     

Resolution of Overlapping Chromatographic Peaks Using a Genetic Algorithm

ABSTRACT

A genetic algorithm for resolution of overlapping chromatographic peaks (GAROCP) using real-number coding, non-uniform mutation and arithmetical crossover methods is described in this paper. It was applied to resolution of highly overlapped multicomponent high-performance liquid chromatographic peaks by fitting experimental chromatogram to the exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) model. The genetic algorithm was used to find the minimum of fitting error to optimize the parameters in the EMG functions which determine the shape and area of each peak. The applicability of the method was investigated with both simulated signals calculated by EMG functions and experimental multicomponent overlapping chromatograms.