Cl+HD反应产物的极化与态分布

利用准经典轨线理论,在BW2和G3两个势能面上,研究了Cl+HD反应的动力学.计算结果表明,产物的转动取向对势能面及反应体系的质量因子非常敏感.在BW2势能面上,计算的两个产物的转动取向强于在G3势能面上计算的结果,而无论是在BW2势能面上还是在G3势能面上,DCl产物的取向都强于HCl产物的取向.计算结果还表明,在不同的势能面上反应物的转动激发对反应的影响有着显著的不同.在BW2势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发有利于Cl+HD反应的进行;而在G3势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发消弱了反应的反应性.     

Ne-CO2的从头算势能面及微波光谱

采用三重激发校正的耦合簇[CCSD(T)]方法和大基组计算了范德华复合物Ne-CO2的分子间势能面. 分子间相互作用能的计算采用考虑了基组重叠误差修正的超分子方法. 计算结果表明, 该势能面有两个极小值点, 分别对应T形构型和线性Ne-OCO构型. 采用离散变量表象(DVR)方法及Lanczos算法计算了Ne-CO2的振转能级. 计算结果表明, 体系势能面支持22个振动束缚态. 计算得到的微波光谱的跃迁频率与实验值吻合得很好.     

自动化势能面搜索方法新进展

本文简要介绍了势能面搜索的两个主要问题,即过渡态搜索和全局势能面搜索,并针对这两个问题介绍了本研究组最近发展的3种方法,即限制最小化双子算法、偏置势函数辅助限制性最小化双子算法以及势能面随机行走方法．这3种方法均只需计算一阶梯度,能够用于快速自动化的搜索过渡态以及势能面．通过几个典型例子分别说明了3种方法的特点及优势．     

卤素阴离子和取代苯间Anion-π作用强度的快速计算（英文）

本文提出了一种可快速计算Anion-π作用强度的方法。该方法包含静电、极化和范德华作用。我们将取代苯的C≡N、C―F和C―H化学键作为键偶极,通过阴离子和取代苯的键偶极间相互作用来计算静电作用,根据键偶极大小随着环境变化而改变来计算极化作用。文中所需参数由模拟CCSD(T)/CBS势能曲线而确定。将本文方法应用于一系列卤素阴离子和取代苯间的Anion-π相互作用的快速计算,并与CCSD(T)/CBS方法的计算结果进行了比较。计算结果表明,本文方法得到的势能曲线与CCSD(T)/CBS势能曲线符合很好;与CCSD(T)/CBS方法的计算结果比较,本文方法预测平衡分子间距离均方根偏差为0.004 nm,相互作用能均方根偏差为2.81 k J?mol~(-1),说明本文方法合理可靠。本文方法可望在相关分子材料设计模拟领域发挥作用。     

超分子体系弱相互作用的量子化学计算

介绍了近年来超分子体系弱相互作用的最子化学计算方法，重点讨论了严格的从头计算方法及其各种校正技术，介绍了当前进展及其所取得的成果。     

分子间相互作用的Ab Initio计算研究——氢键复合物体系(HF)_2中的非键相互作用

本文以6-311 G~(**)为基组对氢键复合物(HF)_2进行了Ab Initio计算,给出了2个HF在距离及取向平衡点附近的势能面。用势诱导最小二乘拟合法计算了体系中各原子的原子电荷。用(exp-6-1)势函数分析法分解了2个HF间的氢键相互作用能,表明其中主要的相互作用是电荷转移而不是静电性的。2个HF分子间的势能曲线呈Morse函数性质。     

He2F-体系的分子间相互作用势能面

使用高水平的从头算CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ方法, 经过Counterpoise校正, 计算了He2F-体系的分子间相互作用势能面. 在He2F-体系的相互作用势能面的最小值处, 发现了一个等腰三角形的稳定结构. 在这个结构中, He…F- 距离是 0.334 nm, He…He 的距离是 0.295 nm, ∠HeF-He 为 52.5°. 计算了此稳定结构的频率、相互作用能、二体相互作用能和三体相互作用能. 在CCSD(T)/d-aug-cc-pVTZ水平下, 相互作用能为-1.727 kJ/mol.     

H3反应势能面的构建——计算化学实验设计

介绍一个针对高年级本科生的物理化学探索性实验。通过计算化学手段构建H3反应势能面,使学生初步掌握Gaussian03W,Gaussview5．0和Origin软件的使用,深入理解反应过渡态理论,并进一步了解目前势能面的研究动态。     

CH_3F-Ar体系的高精度势能面及预测的振转光谱

本文在从头算CCSD(T)/AVQZ水平上计算了CH_3F-Ar体系包含CH_3F分子Q_3振动的四维势能面.以摩斯长程势(MLR)为模型,分析的三维高精度分子间势能面通过非线性拟合振动平均的基态(v_3=0)和激发态(v_3=1)的能量而得到.其中对2038个格点拟合的方差仅为0.08 cm-1.我们发现,该体系相互作用能的主要贡献来源于短程的交换排斥能和长程的色散能,势能面有3个极小值点,在θ方向表现出强烈的各向异性,而在φ方向各向异性比较弱.与CH_3F-He体系相比,分子间相互作用较强,分子间相互作用对单个分子的束缚较明显,CH_3F和Ar表现得更像紧束缚的超分子.随后,采用径向离散变量表象(DVR)和角度有限基组表象(FBR)相结合的杂化基函数方法进行展开,用Lanzcos迭代的方法计算了该体系的振转能级,并首次报道了该体系的微波、红外光谱.值得指出的是,由于相互作用比较强,形成的势阱较深,该体系在两个不同的势阱中分别形成了分子间振动基态和激发态,这与CH_3F-He体系中全空间离域的能级态形成鲜明的对比.     

银-金合金催化乙烯氧化反应的动力学研究 Ⅰ. 氧在银-金合金表面上吸附的LEPS势能面

本文用LEPS势能函数描述了氧与银-金合金(110)面的相互作用。计算了不同金配比时氧在合金(110)面上吸附的势能面, 讨论了不同金配比对势能面的影响, 以及对氧吸附的影响。     

Observing the 3D Chemical Bond and its Energy Distribution in a Projected Space

Our curiosity-driven desire to “see” chemical bonds dates back at least one-hundred years, perhaps to antiquity. Sweeping improvements in the accuracy of measured and predicted electron charge densities, alongside our largely bondcentric understanding of molecules and materials, heighten this desire with means and significance. Here we present a method for analyzing chemical bonds and their energy distributions in a two-dimensional projected space called the condensed charge density. Bond “silhouettes” in the condensed charge density can be reverse-projected to reveal precise three-dimensional bonding regions we call bond bundles. We show that delocalized metallic bonds and organic covalent bonds alike can be objectively analyzed, the formation of bonds observed, and that the crystallographic structure of simple metals can be rationalized in terms of bond bundle structure. Our method also reproduces the expected results of organic chemistry, enabling the recontextualization of existing bond models from a charge density perspective.     

共价键稳定性的影响因素

虽然小分子中的共价键强度可以很方便地通过高斯计算而相当准确地得到,一些手册和数据库中也可以直接查出部分键能/离解能数据,但共价键的强弱变化的影响因素分析在化学教学中仍然显得非常重要。共价键的强弱与成键原子及其环境密切相关,其中成键原子因素主要包括原子半径、成键类型、成键轨道类型、相对论效应、电负性、成键数量、反馈效应和孤电子对效应,而成键环境因素包括键间张力效应、离域效应、次级化学键效应、诱导效应和位阻效应。在教学中,我们可以通过对化学键影响因素的分析帮助学生理解共价键键能的变化规律。本文分析了影响共价键强弱的主要因素,并介绍了这种分析思路在化学教学中的应用。     

基于氢键作用结合的超分子聚合物

非共价键结合的超分子聚合物由于其特殊的结构及性能引起了广泛的关注。本文在介绍超分子化学、氢键及超分子聚合物的基础上,主要综述了以氢键为结合力的多重氢键作用、羧基（D）与吡啶基（A）作用以及氢键与其它非共价键协同作用形成的超分子聚合物体系,并对超分子聚合物的研究现状及前景进行了评述。     

基于氢键作用结合的超分子聚合物

非共价键结合的超分子聚合物由于其特殊的结构及性能引起了广泛的关注。本文在介绍超分子化学、氢键及超分子聚合物的基础上,主要综述了以氢键为结合力的多重氢键作用、羧基(D)与吡啶基(A)作用以及氢键与其它非共价键协同作用形成的超分子聚合物体系,并对超分子聚合物的研究现状及前景进行了评述。     

Stacked but not Stuck: Unveiling the Role of π→π* Interactions with the Help of the Benzofuran–Formaldehyde Complex

The 1:1 benzofuran–formaldehyde complex has been chosen as model system for analyzing π→π* interactions in supramolecular organizations involving heteroaromatic rings and carbonyl groups. A joint “rotational spectroscopy–quantum chemistry” strategy unveiled the dominant role of π→π* interactions in tuning the intermolecular interactions of such adduct. The exploration of the intermolecular potential energy surface led to the identification of 14 low-energy minima, with 4 stacked isomers being more stable than those linked by hydrogen bond or lone-pair→π interactions. All energy minima are separated by loose transition states, thus suggesting an effective relaxation to the global minimum under the experimental conditions. This expectation has been confirmed by the experimental detection of only one species, which was unambiguously assigned owing to the computation of accurate spectroscopic parameters and the characterization of 11 isotopologues. The large number of isotopic species opened the way to the determination of the first semi-experimental equilibrium structure for a molecular complex of such a dimension.     

Metal–Metal Bond in the Light of Pauling’s Rules

About 70 years ago, in the framework of his theory of chemical bonding, Pauling proposed an empirical correlation between the bond valences (or effective bond orders (BOs)) and the bond lengths. Till now, this simple correlation, basic in the bond valence model (BVM), is widely used in crystal chemistry, but it was considered irrelevant for metal–metal bonds. An extensive analysis of the quantum chemistry data computed in the last years confirms very well the validity of Pauling’s correlation for both localized and delocalized interactions. This paper briefly summarizes advances in the application of the BVM for compounds with TM–TM bonds (TM = transition metal) and provides further convincing examples. In particular, the BVM model allows for very simple but precise calculations of the effective BOs of the TM–TM interactions. Based on the comparison between formal and effective BOs, we can easily describe steric and electrostatic effects. A possible influence of these effects on materials stability is discussed.     

Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in Homogeneous External Electric Fields: Modulating the Bond Strengths

Recent years have witnessed various fascinating phenomena arising from the interactions of noncovalent bonds with homogeneous external electric fields (EEFs). Here we performed a computational study to interpret the sensitivity of intrinsic bond strengths to EEFs in terms of steric effect and orbital interactions. The block-localized wavefunction (BLW) method, which combines the advantages of both ab initio valence bond (VB) theory and molecular orbital (MO) theory, and the subsequent energy decomposition (BLW-ED) approach were adopted. The sensitivity was monitored and analyzed using the induced energy term, which is the variation in each energy component along the EEF strength. Systems with single or multiple hydrogen (H) or halogen (X) bond(s) were also examined. It was found that the X-bond strength change to EEFs mainly stems from the covalency change, while generally the steric effect rules the response of H-bonds to EEFs. Furthermore, X-bonds are more sensitive to EEFs, with the key difference between H- and X-bonds lying in the charge transfer interaction. Since phenylboronic acid has been experimentally used as a smart linker in EEFs, switchable sensitivity was scrutinized with the example of the phenylboronic acid dimer, which exhibits two conformations with either antiparallel or parallel H-bonds, thereby, opposite or consistent responses to EEFs. Among the studied systems, the quadruple X-bonds in molecular capsules exhibit remarkable sensitivity, with its interaction energy increased by −95.2 kJ mol⁻¹ at the EEF strength 0.005 a.u.     

On the Relationship between Hydrogen Bond Strength and the Formation Energy in Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds

Resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds (RAHB) are intramolecular contacts that are characterised by being particularly energetic. This fact is often attributed to the delocalisation of π electrons in the system. In the present article, we assess this thesis via the examination of the effect of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups, namely −F, −Cl, −Br, −CF₃, −N(CH₃)₂, −OCH₃, −NHCOCH₃ on the strength of the RAHB in malondialdehyde by using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) analyses. We show that the influence of the investigated substituents on the strength of the investigated RAHBs depends largely on its position within the π skeleton. We also examine the relationship between the formation energy of the RAHB and the hydrogen bond interaction energy as defined by the IQA method of wave function analysis. We demonstrate that these substituents can have different effects on the formation and interaction energies, casting doubts regarding the use of different parameters as indicators of the RAHB formation energies. Finally, we also demonstrate how the energy density can offer an estimation of the IQA interaction energy, and therefore of the HB strength, at a reduced computational cost for these important interactions. We expected that the results reported herein will provide a valuable understanding in the assessment of the energetics of RAHB and other intramolecular interactions.     

Hexaphenylditetrels – When Longer Bonds Provide Higher Stability

We present a computational analysis of hexaphenylethane derivatives with heavier tetrels comprising the central bond. In stark contrast to parent hexaphenylethane, the heavier tetrel derivatives can readily be prepared. In order to determine the origin of their apparent thermodynamic stability against dissociation as compared to the carbon case, we employed local energy decomposition analysis (LED) and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP and sSAPT0/def2-TZVP levels of theory. We identified London dispersion (LD) interactions as the decisive factor for the molecular stability of heavier tetrel derivatives. This stability is made possible owing to the longer (than C−C) central bonds that move the phenyl groups out of the heavily repulsive regime so they can optimally benefit from LD interactions.     

Improved long range relationship between parameters of the Morse and Rydberg potential functions

Information on parameter relationships between different interatomic potential energy functions is useful when there is a functional mismatch between preferred parameters from one potential function and the adoption of another potential function in computational chemistry softwares. Previous attempts in relating parameters of different potential functions focus on equating the potential curves’ curvatures at the minimum well-depth, which are not accurate for large bond-stretching. In this paper, the long range error is minimized by imposing equal energy integral from equilibrium bond length to bond dissociation. Plotted results for the long range parameter relationship between the Morse and Rydberg potential energy functions reveal excellent agreement for long range interaction.