分子识别指导下的有机分子设计、合成和组装——世纪交替时代的有机化学

在21世纪即将来临之际,有机化学将面临生命科学、环境科学和材料科学越来越多的挑战。本文回顾了在分子识别指导下的有机分子的设计、合成和组装这个新领域的诞生和发展,认为这个领域将成为新世纪有机化学发展的一个重要方向。它的发展和应用不仅使得有机化学可能较好地面对新挑战,同时能推动有机合成化学自身的发展。     

《碳纳米材料电化学》专辑序言 ——方兴未艾的电化学能量转换和存储先进材料和技术

可以预见,在相当一段时期内,能源和环境将是全球发展的两大主题. 其实,人类对能源的获取方式将对地球的生态环境和人类未来的生存状态和生活方式产生重要影响. 正因为如此,世界各国正在大力发展可再生能源和清洁能源. 电化学能源是将化学能高效转变为电能的一种能量转换方式,它历史悠久,但不断被改进和创新,尤其是近年来得到了较快的发展. 目前,电化学能源转换和存储器件主要包括一次电池（如锌锰电池等）、二次电池（如铅酸电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池等）、燃料电池、金属-空气电池以及超级电容器等. 电化学能源和其它可再生能源相互补充、交叉利用将是未来清洁能源的主要发展方向.     

第八届全国试剂与应用技术交流会会议通知(第二轮)

"第八届全国试剂与应用技术交流会"将于2014年9月17-19日在北京举行。会议由全国化学试剂信息站主办,《化学试剂》编辑部承办。本届全国试剂与应用技术交流会暨学术报告会主题确定为"科研用试剂的发展与学术进展",本次会议将围绕"科研用试剂"这一主题,分析科研试剂的发展现状与市场需求,并将围绕科研创新的热点和趋势、试剂的需求和技术发展、     

以科研促教学:新型分析方法在仪器分析教学中的体现

结合教学实践,紧跟学科发展,提出将文献作为补充教材,将近几年发展的新型分析方法和自己的科研成果,如基于纳米金胶体团聚的比色分析法、基于量子点的荧光分析法、基于分子印迹聚合物的样品前处理方法等,及实际生产生活中用到的分析技术融入到经典仪器分析课程中。这些新型分析方法的加入,将有效地扩充学生的知识面和视野,提高学生的学习兴趣,增加学生的学习信心,提高仪器分析的教学效果。     

化学在集成电路中的作用

近20年来集成电路取得了惊人的发展,它对现代科学技术、工业生产、交通运输、文化教育、国防和人民生活作出了重要贡献。大规模、超大规模集成电路的出现,将引起再一次的工业革命,过去衡量一个国家工业和经济发达程度是以钢铁的产量为标志,而现在将以集成电路的研究、发展、生产和应用的水平作为衡量一个国家先进性和发展程度的一项重要标志。集成电路技术是一门综合性的技术,它包括电子     

防污涂料进入“无锡”时代

含有机锡的防污涂料由于受海洋环境保护的压力和国际海事组织(IMO)的禁用,将逐渐淡出涂料大家庭;防污涂料将向无锡、无公害方向发展.     

面向21世纪改革化学教育

面向２１世纪改革化学教育陈祖福（国家教委高教司北京１００８１６）人类社会即将跨入２１世纪，现在进入大学的学生们毕业后将为２１世纪的社会发展而工作和生活。２１世纪将是社会、经济、科技和文化巨大发展的时代。培养什么样和如何培养适应２１世纪需要的人才，是世...     

微型化在化学科学发展中的战略地位

本文论述了微型化在化学科学未来发展中的战略作用和潜力,强调了微流控技术在生物和药物化学分析、及大规模平行化学反应等领域发展中的重要性,并预测微型化将极大改善化学系统的效率、成本、安全性和灵活性等。     

第三届能源转化化学与技术研讨会第二轮通知

正由中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所主办、厦门大学协办的第三届能源转化化学与技术研讨会将于2018年4月20日—22日在福建厦门举办。本届研讨会将以国家能源战略转型发展和环境保护为背景,围绕能源转化化学科学和技术领域发展中的基础、应用和前沿问题,重点展示近年来我     

第三届能源转化化学与技术研讨会第一轮通知

正由中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所主办、厦门大学协办的第三届能源转化化学与技术研讨会将于2018年4月在福建厦门举办。本届研讨会将以国家能源战略转型发展和环境保护为背景,围绕能源转化化学科学和技术领域发展中的基础、应用和前沿问题,重点展示近年来我国在能源转化     

也论化学元素周期表的形成和发展

In the time order, the author proposes that the discovery and development of the periodic table of chemical elements are divided into four stages:point→1D→2D→3D. This article cites the main historical facts and documents available to unscramble the above four stages, which will facilitate the teaching and scientific research of the periodic table.     

元素周期表与化学教育 ——纪念门捷列夫元素周期表发表150周年

元素周期表的发表是化学知识领域的里程碑,其在化学,尤其是无机化学的学习和研究中的贯穿指导作用和重要性为大家所共识。本文讨论了元素周期表在大学无机化学中的教育作用和开展方式,提出周期表的应用要将化学史与化学教育有机结合。在此基础上,展望周期表未来的发展。     

The masses of elementary particles

The calculation for the masses of elementary particles is based on the ten dimensional superstring. A Kaluza--Klein substructure is proposed for the six extra spatial dimensions in the ten-dimensional superstring. The periodic table of elementary particles can be constructed from the Kaluza--Klein substructure. All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table. The masses of elementary particles can be generated using only four known constants: the number of the extra spatial dimensions in the ten-dimensional superstring, the mass of the electron, the mass of Z0, and αe. The calculated masses derived from the periodic table are in good agreement with the observed values. The calculated mass (176.6 GeV) of the top quark is in excellent agreement with the observed mass (176 GeV). The periodic table also provides an explanation for why the cross section for jet transverse energy, >200 GeV, is greater than the perturbative QCD prediction. The periodic table based on the ten-dimensional superstring provides the most comprehensive explanation and calculation for the properties and the masses of all elementary particles.     

The periodic table: revelation by quest rather than by revolution

The concept of major scientific advances occurring as a short-term ‘revolutionary’ change in thinking interspersed by long periods of so-called ‘normal’ science seems to be losing ground to more ecological models, which are more inimical of the twists and turns of life. From this idea it is a short step to charting science’s progress against stages used in fictional storytelling, which after all is life-based. This paper explores the development of the periodic table in terms of the achievement of a fictional ‘quest’, and finds the stages of such a story are well represented. While Mendeleev or perhaps Meyer might be considered by some to be the hero of the quest, its first stage—the call—is represented by the Karlsruhe conference in 1860, with an international cast of ‘companions’ and ‘helpers’ who contributed to the Table’s early development. The ‘journey’ may have been frustrated by lack of appropriate data and understanding of concepts, but the ‘arrival’ phase is clearly marked by the award of the Davy medal jointly to Mendeleev and Meyer in 1882, Throughout these stages there are lesser, although still significant contributions made by “little people” of science to the overall progress of the Table. The end of the journey is not the end of the quest: the discovery of new elements—“new ordeals”—and their incorporation into an increasing range of types and styles of periodic table, which—akin to the “life-renewing goal” of the fictional quest—continue.     

On books and chemical elements

The history of the classification of chemical elements is reviewed from the point of view of a bibliophile. The influence that relevant books had on the development of the periodic table and, conversely, how it was incorporated into textbooks, treatises and literary works, with an emphasis on the Spanish bibliography are analyzed in this paper. The reader will also find unexpected connections of the periodic table with the Bible or the architect Buckminster Fuller.     

Periodicity, visualization, and design

This paper explores the development of the chemical table as a tool designed for chemical information visualization. It uses a historical context to investigate the purpose of chemical tables and charts, analyzing them from the perspective of theory of tables, cartography, and design. It suggests reasons why the two-dimensional periodic table remains the de facto standard for chemical information display.     

煤中微量元素的酸脱除率与元素周期律 |-以渭北晚古生代5号煤层为例

对比了渭北晚古生代5号煤样品酸处理前后微量元素含量的变化。结果表明,按其量化表征的煤中微量元素酸脱除率划分,44个微量元素可分为五类,它们在元素周期表中有着明显的分布规律：Ⅰ型,为煤中典型的易酸脱除微量元素,主要占据于元素周期表中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ主族元素位置,按电子构型,属s区;Ⅱ型,为煤中较易酸脱除微量元素;Ⅲ型,为煤中较难酸脱除微量元素,主要占据在第Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ副族元素位置上,按电子构型,属d区和f区左半部;Ⅳ型,是难酸脱除的微量元素,主要占据在第Ⅳ、Ⅴ主族元素位置,（稀土元素部分在第Ⅲ副族）按电子构型,属p区和f区中部;Ⅴ型,为典型的最难酸脱除微量元素,主要占据在第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ副族位置,按电子构型,属d区的前半部、ds区和f区的右半部。煤中微量元素的酸脱除难易的大小,在元素周期表的横向、纵向和对角线方向,亦有一定的变化规律。     

A regular periodic table of the elements and its quantum mechanical requirement

By using the n + (1/2)l filling rule of the atomic Aufbau principle, where n is the principal quantum number and l is the azimuthal quantum number, a new periodic table is presented, its periods having, in order, 8, 18, 18, 32, 42, 50, … elements. The mentioned rule is proposed instead of the n + l rule (or Madelung's rule) which constitutes the quantum mechanical basis of the current periodic table and predicts periods having, in order, 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32, 50, … elements. The new periodic table is called “regular” because its groups are formed according to a single rule (namely, the first elements of each period are placed in the same order as the elements of the preceding period), in contrast with the current periodic table, where no simple rule can be applied for the same purpose. The most characteristic feature of the regular periodic table is the fact that its groups are also related in a periodic manner.     

Isomer enumeration of practical benzenoids

Recent development of the leapfrog operation in enumeration and understanding the chemical properties of benzenoid isomer sets having at least one synthesized representative is stressed. Some new enumeration results and correlations of the periodic table for the more stable total resonant sextet (TRS) benzenoid hydrocarbon subset [Table PAH6(sextet)] are presented.     

A Periodic Table for Genetic Codes

This paper presents a new version of a periodic table for genetic codes using a Leibnitz Number as a codon number or anticodon number, which is a natural binary code number and hence outwardly similar to the Gray code binary number. In the obtained periodic table or in the reformed table (a cube-shaped periodic table), the proteinaceous amino acids not only have periodicity, but also occupy mirror-symmetrical positions with respect to the xy-plane. Moreover, the cube-shaped periodic table allows a partial explanation of non-standard genetic codes and some predictions about providing potential candidates for non-standard genetic codons to be discovered in the future. By making a new format of a two-dimensional periodic table for anticodons as the primary reference point, all of the anticodon pairing with multiple codons can be intimately related to a mirror-symmetrical arrangement of amino acids with relation to the yz-plane in the two-dimensional periodic table.In the later section two new indexes, the Inversion Number and the Miracle Number, are introduced to show that the codon numbers and anticodon numbers play a fundamental role in the structure underlying the genetic code table. These characteristic features, such as periodicity and mirror symmetry of the indexes, hold true for not just the Watson–Crick base-pairs, but also for the non-Watson–Crick base-pairs.Furthermore, in the mammalian mitochondrial genetic code, some basic rules identical/similar to the standard genetic code can be disclosed. These results, including symmetric quality of amino acids and Inversion Numbers, suggest the necessary conditions for the existence of life systems. Additionally, the proposed periodic table can successfully understand the previous studies, such as codon ring, mutation ring, and biosynthetic pathways.