分析化学的“昨天、今天和明天”

简述了分析化学的发展历史。分析化学的"昨天",从基于物理化学的溶液理论,以目视可见为工具的"化学分析",进入以物理方法为基础的仪器分析,因此有人提出"化学正在走出分析化学";分析化学的"今天",因为它的主体任务是解决物质的分子原子结构和成分,所以又回归化学领域;对分析化学的"明天"寄厚望,分析化学走出历来仅仅以"为他人报告提供数据"的技术支持者的角色,成为"实际问题解决者",利用分析化学中综合分析的"剖析技术",为新产品开发创制的"反工艺研究"做出独特的贡献。     

《色谱》编委在第十二届全国分析化学年会上获奖

<正>2015年5月9日至11日,由中国化学会和国家自然科学基金委主办、华中师范大学承办的第十二届全国分析化学年会在武汉召开。来自全国高等院校、科研机构、企事业单位的近2200名专家学者出席了会议。在大会开幕式上,分别颁发了"分析化学基础研究梁树权奖"、"中国女分析化学家奖"和"青年分析化学家     

会议通知

中国化学会分析化学委员会关于申请"分析化学基础研究梁树权奖"的通知分析化学基础研究梁树权奖是以我国著名分析化学家梁树权先生命名的分析化学领域的最高奖项。本奖项旨在鼓励我国中、青年分析化学工作者献身于分析化学学科的基础研究和教育工作,培养优秀人才,促进和推动我国分析化学学科的发展。本奖项为国内分析化学基础研究成果个人奖。凡年龄在50周岁以下,具备下列条件之一者均可申报参加评选:(1)     

“课证赛”融合的分析化学实验教学新体系的构建与实践

经过几年来对分析化学实验教学的探索,建立了以基础分析化学实验教学为核心、开放性实验为拓展、研究性实验为延伸的培养模式,构建了"课证融合、课赛融合"的分析化学实验教学新模式。教学实践证明,该教学模式对化学类应用型人才培养具有一定的借鉴意义。     

中国化学会第八届海峡两岸分析化学学术会议征文通知(第一轮)

为了增强海峡两岸学术交流和友好往来,在海峡两岸分析化学同仁的倡导下,经中国科学技术协会批准,由中国化学会主办,发光与实时分析化学教育部重点实验室(西南大学)承办的"中国化学会第八届海峡两岸分析化学学术会议"将于2014年10月15日至19日在重庆召开。会议将邀请40余位来自两岸和部分海外著名华人分析化学家做分析化学学科学前沿学术报告,就分析化学学科及相关分析技术的新成就、新进展进行学术交流和讨论。热忱欢迎两岸分析化学     

中国化学会第八届海峡两岸分析化学学术会议征文通知(第一轮)

为了增强海峡两岸学术交流和友好往来,在海峡两岸分析化学同仁的倡导下,经中国科学技术协会批准,由中国化学会主办,发光与实时分析化学教育部重点实验室(西南大学)承办的"中国化学会第八届海峡两岸分析化学学术会议"将于2014年10月15日至19日在重庆召开。会议将邀请40余位来自两岸和部分海外著名华人分析化学家做分析化学学科学前沿学术报告,就分析化学学科及相关分析技术的新成就、新进展进行学术交流和讨论。热忱欢迎两岸分析化学同行和海外华人分析化学家踊跃投稿、参加会议。     

会议消息

"第十四届国际电分析化学会议"的通知经中国科学院批准,并受中国化学会委托,第十四届国际电分析化学会议由中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学国家重点实验室承办。会议将于2013年8月17日至20日在长春召开。会议将特邀国际著名电分析化学家参加,     

中国化学会第十二届全国分析化学年会(第二轮通知)

中国化学会和国家自然科学基金委主办、华中师范大学承办的"第十二届全国分析化学年会"定于2015年5月8日至11日在武汉洪山大礼堂召开。这是我国分析化学领域三年一届的盛会,会议将就我国自上届学术会议以来分析化学学科的新成就、新进展进行学术交流和研讨,会议将组织分析化学前沿的大会报告、分组报告和讨论。热忱欢迎广大的分析化学工作者踊跃投稿和参加会议。     

高校非化学专业“无机及分析化学”教学中的问题及对策

从教师队伍、教学内容、教学手段以及教学对象等方面出发,以喀什大学生物专业为例,分析了非化学专业的"无机及分析化学"教学中存在的问题,探析了问题产生、存在的根源,并提出提高"无机及分析化学"教学质量的切实可行的对策。     

中国化学会第十二届全国分析化学年会(第一轮通知)

中国化学会和国家自然科学基金委主办、华中师范大学承办的"第十二届全国分析化学年会"定于2015年5月8日~11日在武汉洪山大礼堂召开。这是我国分析化学领域三年一届的盛会,会议将就我国自上届学术会议以来分析化学     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

碱性介质中葡萄糖在铂电极上的阳极氧化

为了进一步探明葡萄糖在铂电极上的氧化机理,用循环伏安法(CV)在-0.9～0.4 V(相对于饱和甘汞参比电极)内研究了葡萄糖在铂电极上催化氧化行为,首次详细报道了葡萄糖在电化学氧化过程中的电位振荡现象,并用电流扫描法表征了葡萄糖的电位振荡情况.电流扫描结果表明,在较慢的电流扫描速度下,电极过程出现了明显的电位振荡.说明电极上产生了毒化中间物,电位振荡是由于毒化中间物在电极上的吸附和在高电位下氧化除去引起的.     

A NOVEL APPROACH TO RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION FOR THE GELATION IN POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION

The isothermal crystallizations of three kinds of commercial isotactic polypropylene have been studied by DSC and rheometric experiments, in a range of temperatures where the rate of crystallization is moderate. As the crystallization proceeds, volume contraction induces tensile force upon the parallel plates. The tensile force relaxed quickly in liquid states,but after a critical amount of the relative crystallinity, it starts to accumulate in the static test, that is, with the motionless parallel plates. A new method to determine the liquid-solid transition by the static tensile force is proposed and compared with two dynamic methods of detecting liquid-solid transition, that is, the power-law modulus theory and the yield modulus model. The tensile force method predicted considerably earlier transition than the dynamic methods, and the corresponding DSC data indicate relative crystallinity of larger than 0.2 at the transition times. The limitation of dynamic methods and other possible errors have been analyzed. While the dynamic methods are suitable for slow crystallization, the tensile force method is more appropriate for the crystallization of moderate rates. Moreover, it has the advantage of almost not disturbing the crystallizing materials before the transition.     

分子线电子输运特性的第一性原理研究

从第一性原理出发,利用密度泛函理论研究了SH-C8H16-SH分子和金表面的相互作用,并利用分子前线轨道理论和微扰理论定量地确定了该相互作用能常数,然后,利用弹性散射格林函数方法研究了该分子与金表面形成的分子线的伏-安特性.研究结果表明,当含有硫氢官能团的有机分子化学吸附于金表面时,硫原子将与金原子形成以共价键为主的混和键,此时,扩展的分子轨道使分子线的电导呈现出欧姆特性,而对于局域的分子轨道,电子的输运只能通过隧道效应来实现.对分子线伏-安特性的计算结果显示,在零偏压附近,存在一个电流禁区,随着偏压的增加,分子线的电导呈现出平台特征.     

Thermoelectric Properties of Czochralski GeSi Crystal

In order to discuss the application possibility of SiGe crystal in thermoelectric materials,we investigated the thermoelectric properties of several silicon-germanium alloys with different content,orientation and electric conductive type. As discussed in the experiment result,the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient fluctuates from 300 to 600 μV/K in the whole temperature range. In the present paper,the relationship of Seebeck coefficient against content,orientation and electric conductive type is summarized in detail. The Seebeck coefficient of the sample with <111> orientation is smaller than that in <100> at the same temperature. Absolute value of P-type is larger than that of N-type except pure Ge. But as the temperature increases,the absolute value of pure Ge decreases many times as quickly as that of other specimens. In addition,the specimens of bulk GeSi alloy crystals for experiment were grown by the Czochralski method through varying the pulling rate during the growing process.     

PHONONS IN POLYACENIC CHAINS

We have theoretically resolved phonon excitations in quasi-two-dimensional organic crystals of polyacenic semiconductor material which may be obtained by the pyrolytic treatment of phenol-formaldehyde resin. A model for studying the dynamical properties using three polyacene chains is proposed with the aim to present the vibrational properties of this structure. It employs the formalism of solid states in two dimensions which admit phonons. A simulation process of the two-dimensional lattice structure shows that elastic waves may explain the existence of vibrational modes in the frequency range 100-400 cm-1. The presence of acoustic and optical like phonons is discussed in terms of the elastic force constants. A hyperfine resonance structure is obtained. It allows the analysis of the dynamical evolution in thin films of polyacene. It is found that the behavior of the phonon density of states exhibits resonance between modes in the structure.     

氢气在炭狭缝微孔内吸附的预测

通过边界的平均场近似,推导二平板狭缝孔格子理论Ono-Kondo吸附等温方程.利用格子气模型特性和微观物理学理论,计算氢分子在石墨平面的最大吸附容量.比较由氢分子在石墨平面二典型聚集状态标定的Ono-Kondo方程,并用预测精度较高的方程计算了与文献相同条件下的吸附等温线.在比较了计算结果、试验结果和GCMC分子模拟结果后,对Ono-Kondo吸附等温方程的特点、理论基础作了分析,指出了方程的适用范围.     

液晶聚合物/柔性链聚合物共混体系相分离形态

利用元胞动力学方法在二维情况下对浓度、取向序参量的含时Ginzberg-Landau方程进行数值求解,研究了液晶聚合物/柔性链聚合物共混体系的相分离动力学,考察了浓度、取向有序过程的耦合对相分离形态的影响.结果表明,此耦合作用对相分离的时间进程以及相分离图样的空间排布都有影响.液晶聚合物的取向有序相当于增加了两组分间的不相容性而促进两相分离;两个序参量在热力学方面的耦合使液晶聚合物趋向于沿着界面方向取向,而动力学方面的耦合使液晶聚合物分子沿着其取向方向扩散,相分离图样的空间排布由这两种效应共同决定通过极化率张量的定义用数值方法模拟得到了相分离体系的小角光散射图样,结果表明,散射强度分布具有方位角依赖性,它是由浓度、取向序参量的空间变化共同决定的.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLY（3,4-AZOPYRIDYLENE） AND OXYGEN-BINDING AFFINITY OF ITS COMPLEX WITH COBALTPORPHYRIN

Synthesis and characteristics of poly(3,4-azopyridylene) (PAP), conductivity and oxygen-binding affinity of its complex with meso-α,α,α,α-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl) porphyrinatocobalt(Ⅱ) (CoP) were studied. PAP was prepared by oxidative polymerization of 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) in DMF solution using CuCl/pyridine as the catalyst. IR and NMR results showed that the peak of amido group in DAP was converted to the azo group in PAP and a π conjugated polymer was synthesized. The average molecular weight of PAP was determined to be 5.0 × 103. The PAP-CoP complex was prepared by complexing the pyridyl group of PAP with the fifth coordination site of CoP in DMF solution. In comparison with the CoP complex with a non-π conjugated polymer, the PAP-CoP complex shows good electroconductivity of 5.8 × 10-6 Scm-1. The PAP-CoP complex displays a reversible change in the UV-Visible absorption spectrum from the deoxy form to the oxy or oxygen-binding one with an isosbestic point, in response to the partial oxygen pressure of the atmosphere. The oxygen-response behavior was monitored at the absorbance ascribed to the oxy form at 548 nm to give the oxygen-binding affinity.The oxygen-binding equilibrium curves of PAP-CoP complex obey a Langmuir isotherm. DMF has great effects on the oxygen-binding properties of the PAP-CoP complex. The oxygen-binding affinity of PAP-CoP complex in the solid state is higher than that in DMF solution. With decreasing temperature, the oxygen-binding affinity of the PAP-CoP complex increases.     

PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER/ACRYLATE-TERMINATED POLYURETHANE/ORGANOMONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES

Unsaturated polyester resin （UPR）/acrylate-terminated polyurethane （ATPU）/organo-modified montmorillonite （OMMT） nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization method. Samples were prepared by the sequential mixing, i.e. mixture of the ATPU and styrene （S） and OMMT were prepared in the first step; UPR was then added to the pre-intercalates of ATPU/S/OMMT. Results indicate that the mechanical properties and thermal properties of UPR/ATPU/OMMT nanocomposites greatly depend on the amount of ATPU and OMMT. Results show that the addition of ATPU could increase the impact strength of UPR/ATPU composites, but the tensile strength, flexural strength and heat resistance of the materials are obviously decreased. When the weight ratio between UPR, ATPU and OMMT were 82：15：3, the impact strength and heat distortion-temperature of nanocomposite were greatly improved, meanwhile there was little change for other properties of the nanocomposites. The synergistic enhancement effects of ATPU and OMMT on the composites were observed. The structures and morphology of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.