考虑双向地震动作用的非对称结构多维Pushover分析

目前的Pushover分析多集中于平面单向分析,考虑到非对称结构反应的多维性,在单向地震动作用振型Pushover分析研究基础上,提出了考虑双向地震动作用的结构多维Pushover分析程序。采用弹性振型分解的思路,将非线性结构反应近似为结构多振型弹塑性反应的叠加,进而将结构按振型等效为多个等效方程,将每一等效方程转化为以双向实际地震记录的组合为地震输入的等效单自由度体系。在此基础上给出了考虑双向地震作用的非对称结构多维Pushover分析程序,并阐述了该方法与传统Pushover分析方法的区别,最后通过算例将该方法结果与非线性时程分析结果进行比较,证明了该方法具有一定的准确性。     

Instantaneous spectrum estimation of earthquake ground motions based on unscented Kalman filter method

Representing earthquake ground motion as time varying ARMA model,the instantaneous spectrum can only be determined by the time varying coefficients of the corresponding ARMA model.In this paper,unscented Kalman filter is applied to es- timate the time varying coefficients.The comparison between the estimation results of unscented Kalman filter and Kalman filter methods shows that unscented Kalman fil- ter can more precisely represent the distribution of the spectral peaks in time-frequency plane than Kalman filter,and its time and frequency resolution is finer which ensures its better ability to track the local properties of earthquake ground motions nd to identify the systems with nonlinearity or abruptness.Moreover,the estimation results of ARMA models with different orders indicate that the theoretical frequency resolving power of ARMA model which was usually ignored in former studies has great effect on the estima- tion precision of instantaneous spectrum and it should be taken as one of the key factors in order selection of ARMA model.     

爆炸参量对爆破地震反应谱的影响

利用在地震工程中广泛应用的反应谱理论对爆破地震效应进行研究。根据单自由度体系反应谱理论,采用计算量少、精确度高的三角插值解析公式法取代常用的分段线性插值法进行反应谱数值计算。结合大量工程爆破地震监测资料,对不同爆炸参量下产生的爆破振动信号进行反应谱分析。结果表明,结构体对爆破震动的响应特征与爆炸参量有着密切的关系。为综合研究爆破机理和爆破地震波,特别是为将来构建爆破振动速度 频率相关安全准则提供了一种实用的分析技术。     

基于相位差谱的空间相关非平稳地震动场的模拟

地震动的非平稳特性主要是由其相位差谱决定的,相位差谱与相位导数之间存在线性倍数关系。根据相位导数的显式计算公式,从能量的角度解释了相位导数的均值大致决定了时程峰值的发生时刻,相位导数的方差决定了强震段的持续时间。在相关地震动场模拟方法中,首次将相位差谱的统计模型引入空间相关非平稳地震动场的模拟方法之中,利用快速傅立叶变换技术生成地震动场。表示地震动随机特性的随机相位谱利用相位差谱的统计模型生成,生成的地震动场不仅具有空间相关性,而且在时域、频域内均具有非平稳特性。     

Stochastic modeling for starting-time of phase evolution of random seismic ground motions

In response to the challenge inherent in classical high-dimensional models of random ground motions, a family of simulation methods for non-stationary seismic ground motions was developed previously through employing a wave-group propagation formulation with phase spectrum model built up on the frequency components' starting-time of phase evolution. The present paper aims at extending the formulation to the simulation of non-stationary random seismic ground motions. The ground motion records associated with N—S component of Northridge Earthquake at the type-II site are investigated. The frequency components' starting-time of phase evolution of is identified from the ground motion records, and is proved to admit the Gamma distribution through data fitting. Numerical results indicate that the simulated random ground motion features zero-mean, non-stationary, and non-Gaussian behaviors, and the phase spectrum model with only a few starting-times of phase evolution could come up with a sound contribution to the simulation.     

Wavelet analysis for the characterization of forward-directivity pulse-like ground motions on energy basis

The characterization of the prominent features of near-fault pulse-like ground motions is under scrutiny. Relationships between pulse characteristics and the performance of structures are here established. Two wavelet energy-based signal processing procedures are introduced. The aim is the construction of simplified signals containing the prominent features of the data distribution recorded from pulse-like earthquakes; signals that can be efficiently used in the design of civil engineering structures, increasing the safety and reliability of the structural design itself. The first procedure is based on the analysis of the absolute input energy. The second one considers the relative input energy. Comparisons with other wavelet-based earthquake analyses are developed.     

Efficient and accurate time adaptive multigrid simulations of droplet spreading

An efficient full approximation storage (FAS) Multigrid algorithm is used to solve a range of droplet spreading flows modelled as a coupled set of non‐linear lubrication equations. The algorithm is fully implicit and has embedded within it an adaptive time‐stepping scheme that enables the same to be optimized in a controlled manner subject to a specific error tolerance. The method is first validated against a range of analytical and existing numerical predictions commensurate with droplet spreading and then used to simulate a series of new, three‐dimensional flows consisting of droplet motion on substrates containing topographic and wetting heterogeneities. The latter are of particular interest and reveal how droplets can be made to spread preferentially on substrates owing to an interplay between different topographic and surface wetting characteristics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种在响应面法中选取样本点的新方法

响应面法中的样本点选取对拟合极限状态曲面的收敛速度及精度至关重要,文中提出了一种区别于通常以插值点为中心展开生成样本点组的新方法:在求解过程中,用插值点逐步替代初始样本点组中距离验算点较远的点,其目的是使所选取的样本点较集中于验算点附近,重新构成下一轮迭代所需的一组样本点,直至满足收敛条件。算例表明,采用新方法可使结构的分析次数显著减少,同时也改善了对于非线性程度很高的极限功能函数求解的收敛性。该方法用于大型复杂结构的可靠度分析中可进一步提高计算效率。     

Seismic responses for multi-storeyed buildings composed of nonorthogonal members under bi-directional horizontal earthouake ground motions

This paper presents a method for analyzing both linear and nonlinear seismic responses of multistoreyed buildings composed of nonorthogonal structural members under the action of bi-directional horizontal earthquake waves. Different kinds of restoring force model are used. An efficient computer programme for the computation of nonlinear seismic response of the structure was worked out. In order to illustrate the application of this method, an example of a ten-storeyed building of such sort is given.     

频响函数计算的高精度级数展开法

把作者近期提出的用于频响函数计算的级数展开法进行了推广，使其计算精度进一步提高，并且能适用于自由－自由系统。数值示例表明，本文提出的方法是有效的。     

大跨屋盖结构风振响应主要参振模态确定方法研究

合理选取主要参振模态是保证大跨屋盖结构风振响应计算精度的关键问题。本文以模态空间分布与风荷载空间分布相关性强弱作为选取主要参振模态的依据,考虑到屋盖结构表面风荷载分布的不确定性,提出了通过低阶主要贡献模态间接寻找风荷载强相关高阶模态的思想,首先实现对高阶参振模态数量的缩减。在此基础上,结合低阶参振模态,通过对模态响应方差矩阵的简化处理,构造了其等效矩阵,根据等效矩阵中对角线元素定义了模态参与系数,通过该系数能够方便的实现对主要参振模态的选取。最后,通过国家体育场屋盖主结构的风振响应分析对所提出方法的有效性进行了验证。     

Diversity evolution and parameter matching of periodic-impact motions of a periodically forced system with a clearance

A two-degree-of-freedom periodically forced system with a clearance is considered. The correlative relationship and matching law between dynamics and system parameters are analyzed by the co-simulation analysis of multi-parameter and multi-performance. Key parameters of the system, such as the exciting frequency, clearance value and constraint stiffness, are emphasized to analyze the influence of the main factors on its soft impact characteristics and reveal diversity, evolution and distribution regions of periodic-impact motions. The quantity of the fundamental group of \(p/1\) impact motions, which have the excitation period and differ by the number \(p\) of impacts, is basically determined by the constraint stiffness. A series of grazing bifurcations occur with decreasing the exciting frequency so that the number \(p\) of impacts of the fundamental group of motions correspondingly increases one by one. As the constraint stiffness is very large, the impact number \(p\) of the fundamental group of motions becomes also big enough in low exciting frequency range. Consequently, the system possibly exhibits chattering-impact characteristics and the relative impact velocities successively attenuate in an excitation period. There exist a series of singular points between any two adjacent ones of the fundamental group of motions as the damping ratio or the damping constant of the viscous dashpot connecting two masses is very small, i.e., real-grazing and bare-grazing bifurcation boundaries of one of them, saddle-node and period-doubling bifurcation boundaries of the other mutually cross themselves at the point of intersection and create two types of transition regions: hysteresis and tongue-shaped regions. A series of zones of regular and complex subharmonic impact motions are found to dominate in the tongue-shaped regions. The dimensionless parameters have been designed technically, under which large mass ratio or small supporting stiffness ratio leads to diversity and complexity of periodic-impact motions of the system. Based on the sampling ranges of parameters, the influence of system parameters on relative impact velocities, existence regions and correlative distribution of different types of periodic-impact motions of the system is emphatically studied.     

基于平稳过滤有色噪声地震动模型的MTMD性能评价

研究了由许多刚度和阻尼保持为常量且频率呈线性分布的TMDs形成的MTMD的地震特性。基于虚拟激励法和平稳过滤有色噪声地震动模型，建立了结构－MTMD系统的传递函数，进而导出了设置MTMD时结构的动力放大系数（DMF）明确表达式。于是MTMD的优化准则可定义为Min.Min.Max.DMF。通过最优搜寻可得MTMD的最优频率间隔、平均阻尼比、调谐频率比和相应的无量纲控制有效性指标。目前的论文通过考虑结构受控频率与地震加速度卓越频率比的不同取值和不同场地类型，研究地震卓越频率和场地类型对MTMD最优参数及有效性的影响。同时与基于Kanai-Tajimi平稳过滤白噪声地震动模型和不考虑地震加速度卓越频率(ωg=∝）两种情况的结果进行了比较。     

An analytical model for dynamic response of beam-column frames to impulsive ground excitations

The response of building frames under impulsive ground excitations is complicated by the contributions from both global and local (member level) dynamic responses of the system, as evidenced in previous numerical simulation studies and laboratory tests. Therefore, a simplified analytical approach needs to accommodate both global and local dynamic responses in the model, as opposed to the well established single-degree-of-freedom representation in typical seismic response analyses. This paper proposes a simplified model incorporating a beam-column element with additional concentrated mass and springs at the member ends to facilitate the interaction between the global and local dynamic responses. To take into account the shear deformation and rotary inertia, the model is formulated using Timoshenko beam theory. It provides a general solution to this category of dynamic response analysis problems. With this model, the significance of the global and local dynamic responses for ground shocks with different frequency characteristics is evaluated. It is shown that with the decrease of the main pulse duration (or increase of the primary frequency), the dynamic response tends to be dominated by the member vibration, while the shear effect becomes increasingly significant. General recommendations are also given with regard to the determination of the concentrated mass and the spring constants in the analytical model and the sensitivity of the computed responses to these parameters.     

An explicit time domain solution for ground stratum response to harmonic moving load

Based on the thin layer method originally proposed in frequency domain, an explicit time domain semi–analytical solution has been developed for simulating three-dimensional layered ground responses to harmonic moving loads. The Fourier–Laplace transforms were applied to derive the transformed solution that satisfied the boundary conditions of horizontal infinities. The eigenvalue decomposition was performed with respect to Laplace parameter to express the ground motion corresponding to the eigenmodes. The formulation for each eigenmode incorporating the moving load expression was transformed back into time domain analytically, and the global system responses were given by means of the general mode superposition method. The proposed explicit time domain solution is suitable for studying various types of moving load acting on or inside the ground. In this paper a moving harmonic load with rectangular distribution was adopted to demonstrate the ground response simulation. Two illustrative examples for moving load with speeds below or above the ground Rayleigh wave velocity were presented to test the computational accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. A parametric study was also performed to investigate the influences of soil properties on the ground responses.The project is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50538010). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

A noninvasive procedure for preliminary evaluation of acoustoultrasonic response in monitoring structural failure

An experimental procedure for optimizing use of the acoustoultrasonic technique (AU) for monitoring structures and mechanical components is described. Although the AU technique is a field technique, it is not always possible to evaluate the extension of the area kept under control by a given arrangement of transducers; moreover, sensitivity differs at the various points. With this procedure, the AU technique can be applied with greater certainty and reliability. The procedure uses the disturbance on AU signals caused by a localized temperature variation. This makes it possible to identify the zone kept under control with a given arrangement of ultrasonic transducers, and thus the field covered by monitoring. In addition, with this procedure the AU response in a given zone can be evaluated and correlated to the response caused by failure or damage. The procedure has been applied successfully when monitoring fatigue tests on a car suspension arm and in car body endurance tests on a road simulator.     

基于机械振动理论的垂直侵彻弹靶作用模型

为了给侵彻引信抗高过载优化设计提供准确的力学输入,将机械振动理论引入侵彻过程建模领域,提出了一种侵彻战斗部刚体运动与一阶轴向振动相结合的垂直侵彻弹靶作用模型。在垂直侵彻过程受力分析的基础上,基于牛顿第二定律建立了战斗部刚体运动模型,基于单自由度弹簧-质量-阻尼系统建立了战斗部一阶轴向振动模型,并采用数值积分的方法获得了垂直侵彻过程中各物理量的变化规律。和火炮试验实测加速度信号的对比分析结果表明:考虑战斗部一阶轴向振动后的垂直侵彻弹靶作用模型能更准确地描述侵彻过程,能更有效地指导侵彻引信的抗高过载优化设计。     

设置连接阻尼器的相邻结构随机地震动响应的简明封闭解

针对两相邻结构间设置连接阻尼器对结构的减震影响问题,研究了基于Kanai-Tajimi谱地震动激励下的Kelvin型粘弹性阻尼器与相邻结构形成的组合体系的随机地震动系列响应(绝对位移及层间位移)的简明封闭解。首先,利用Kelvin型粘弹性阻尼器本构关系及Kanai-Tajimi谱的滤波方程,将组合体系基于复杂地震动激励精确转化为基于简明白噪声激励的运动方程;其次,利用复模态法获得了组合结构相对于地面的绝对位移、层间位移等系列响应方差及0阶～2阶谱矩的统一简明封闭解。最后,通过算例及与虚拟激励法进行对比,证明本文方法的正确性和简明性;通过与未设置阻尼装置结构体系的动力响应对比,说明了阻尼装置对相邻结构具有良好的减震效果,但局部楼层的层间位移及层间剪力会有所增加。