Maps preserving operator pairs whose products are projections

Let B(H) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Hilbert space H with dimH?2. It is proved that a surjective map φ on B(H) preserves operator pairs whose products are nonzero projections in both directions if and only if there is a unitary or an anti-unitary operator U on H such that φ(A)=λU^∗AU for all A in B(H) for some constants λ with λ²=1. Related results for surjective maps preserving operator pairs whose triple Jordan products are nonzero projections in both directions are also obtained. These show that the operator pairs whose products or triple Jordan products are nonzero projections are isometric invariants of B(H).     

Groups generated by analytic Schrödinger operators

If the potential in a two-particle system is the boundary value of an analytic function, the physical Hamiltonian H(0) has an analytic continuation H(φ) which is not normal. In case the potential is local and belongs to suitable $\text{L}$^p-spaces, there is a bounded operator P(0, φ) projecting onto the continuous subspace of H(φ). This paper shows that P(0, φ) H(φ) e^?2iφ generates a strongly differentiable group. It is proved that P(0, φ) H(φ) is spectral, and details of the spectral projection operators are presented. The reasoning is based on the Paley-Wiener theorem for functions in a strip. It applies to larger systems provided the resolvent of the multiparticle operator H(φ) satisfies certain regularity conditions that come from the theory of smooth operators. There are no smallness conditions on the potential.     

Weighted norm inequalities, off-diagonal estimates and elliptic operators. Part III: Harmonic analysis of elliptic operators

This is the third part of a series of four articles on weighted norm inequalities, off-diagonal estimates and elliptic operators. For L in some class of elliptic operators, we study weighted norm Lp inequalities for singular “non-integral” operators arising from L; those are the operators φ(L) for bounded holomorphic functions φ, the Riesz transforms ∇L−1/2 (or (−Δ)^1/2L−1/2) and its inverse L1/2(−Δ)^−1/2, some quadratic functionals gL and GL of Littlewood-Paley-Stein type and also some vector-valued inequalities such as the ones involved for maximal Lp-regularity. For each, we obtain sharp or nearly sharp ranges of p using the general theory for boundedness of Part I and the off-diagonal estimates of Part II. We also obtain commutator results with BMO functions.     

Toeplitz operators in several complex variables

Let S be the unit sphere in Cⁿ. We investigate the properties of Toeplitz operators on S, i.e., operators of the form Tφf = P(φf) where φ?L^∞(S) and P denotes the projection of L²(S) onto H²(S). The aim of this paper is to determine how far the extensive one-variable theory remains valid in higher dimensions. We establish the spectral inclusion theorem, that the spectrum of T_φ contains the essential range of φ, and obtain a characterization of the Toeplitz operators among operators on H²(S) by an operator equation. Particular attention is paid to the case where φ ? H^∞(S) + C(S) where C(S) denotes the algebra of continuous functions on S. Finally we describe a class of Toeplitz operators useful for providing counterexamples—in particular, Widom's theorem on the connectedness of the spectrum fails when n > 1.     

Lie algebras generated by bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces

It is proved that the operator Lie algebra ε(T,T^∗) generated by a bounded linear operator T on Hilbert space H is finite-dimensional if and only if T=N+Q, N is a normal operator, [N,Q]=0, and dimA(Q,Q^∗)<+∞, where ε(T,T^∗) denotes the smallest Lie algebra containing T,T^∗, and A(Q,Q^∗) denotes the associative subalgebra of B(H) generated by Q,Q^∗. Moreover, we also give a sufficient and necessary condition for operators to generate finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebras. Finally, we prove that if ε(T,T^∗) is an ad-compact E-solvable Lie algebra, then T is a normal operator.     

Bundle convergence of sequences of pairwise uncorrelated operators in von Neumann algebras and vectors in their L2-spaces

Let H be a separable complex Hilbert space, A a von Neumann algebra in ?(H),a faithful, normal state on A. We prove that if a sequence (X_n: n ≥ 1) of uncorrelated operators in A is bundle convergent to some operator X in A and Σ^∞_n=1n⁻² Var(X_n) log²(n + 1) < ∞, then X is proportional to the identity operator on H. We also prove an analogous theorem for certain uncorrelated vectors in the completion L₂=L₂(A,φ) of A given by the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal representation theorem. Both theorems were motivated by a recent one proved by Etemadi and Lenzhen in the classical commutative setting.     

Homogenization of Schrödinger-type equations

We consider a self-adjoint elliptic operator A_ε, ε> 0, on L₂(R^d; Cⁿ) given by the differential expression b(D)*g(x/ε)b(D). Here \(b(D) = \sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^d {b_j D_j }\) is a first-order matrix differential operator such that the symbol b(ξ) has maximal rank. The matrix-valued function g(x) is bounded, positive definite, and periodic with respect to some lattice. We study the operator exponential \({e^{ - i\tau {A_\varepsilon }}}\), where τ ∈ R. It is shown that, as ε → 0, the operator \({e^{ - i\tau {A_\varepsilon }}}\) converges to \({e^{ - i\tau {A^0}}}\) in the norm of operators acting from the Sobolev space H^s(R^d;Cⁿ) (with suitable s) to L₂(R^d;Cⁿ). Here A⁰ is the effective operator with constant coefficients. Order-sharp error estimates are obtained. The question about the sharpness of the result with respect to the type of the operator norm is studied. Similar results are obtained for more general operators. The results are applied to study the behavior of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Schrödinger-type equation i?_τu_ε(x, τ) = A_εu_ε(x, τ).     

Boundedness of Riesz transforms for elliptic operators on abstract Wiener spaces

Let (E,H,μ) be an abstract Wiener space and let D_V:=VD, where D denotes the Malliavin derivative and V is a closed and densely defined operator from H into another Hilbert space . Given a bounded operator B on , coercive on the range , we consider the operators A:=V^*BV in H and in , as well as the realisations of the operators and in L^p(E,μ) and respectively, where 1<p<∞. Our main result asserts that the following four assertions are equivalent:

(1) with for ;

(2) admits a bounded H^∞-functional calculus on ;

(3) with for ;

(4) admits a bounded H^∞-functional calculus on .

Moreover, if these conditions are satisfied, then . The equivalence (1)–(4) is a non-symmetric generalisation of the classical Meyer inequalities of Malliavin calculus (where , V=I, ). A one-sided version of (1)–(4), giving L^p-boundedness of the Riesz transform in terms of a square function estimate, is also obtained. As an application let −A generate an analytic C₀-contraction semigroup on a Hilbert space H and let −L be the L^p-realisation of the generator of its second quantisation. Our results imply that two-sided bounds for the Riesz transform of L are equivalent with the Kato square root property for A. The boundedness of the Riesz transform is used to obtain an L^p-domain characterisation for the operator L.

Periodic solutions for doubly nonlinear evolution equations

We discuss the existence of periodic solution for the doubly nonlinear evolution equation A(u^′(t))+∂?(u(t))∋f(t) governed by a maximal monotone operator A and a subdifferential operator ∂? in a Hilbert space H. As the corresponding Cauchy problem cannot be expected to be uniquely solvable, the standard approach based on the Poincaré map may genuinely fail. In order to overcome this difficulty, we firstly address some approximate problems relying on a specific approximate periodicity condition. Then, periodic solutions for the original problem are obtained by establishing energy estimates and by performing a limiting procedure. As a by-product, a structural stability analysis is presented for the periodic problem and an application to nonlinear PDEs is provided.     

Homogenization of hyperbolic equations

We consider a self-adjoint matrix elliptic operator A _{ε, ε} > 0, on L ₂(R ^d ;C ⁿ ) given by the differential expression b(D)*g(x/ε)b(D). The matrix-valued function g(x) is bounded, positive definite, and periodic with respect to some lattice; b(D) is an (m × n)-matrix first order differential operator such that m ≥ n and the symbol b(ξ) has maximal rank. We study the operator cosine cos(τA _ε ^1/2 ), where τ ∈ R. It is shown that, as ε → 0, the operator cos(τA _ε ^1/2 ) converges to cos(τ(A ⁰)^1/2) in the norm of operators acting from the Sobolev space H ^s (R ^d ;C ⁿ ) (with a suitable s) to L ₂(R ^d ;C ⁿ ). Here A ₀ is the effective operator with constant coefficients. Sharp-order error estimates are obtained. The question about the sharpness of the result with respect to the type of the operator norm is studied. Similar results are obtained for more general operators. The results are applied to study the behavior of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the hyperbolic equation ? _τ ² u _ε (x, τ) = ?A _ε u _ε (x, τ).     

Projection Method for Cauchy Problem for an Operator-Differential Equation

In the current paper, we study a projection method for a Cauchy problem for an operator-differential equation with a leading self-adjoint operator A(t) and a subordinate linear operator K(t) in a Hilbert space. The projection subspaces are linear spans of eigenvectors of an operator similar to A(t). It is assumed that the operators A(t) and K(t) are sufficiently smooth. Error estimates for the approximate solutions and their derivatives are obtained. The application of the developed method for solving the initial boundary value problems is given.     

Asymptotic error estimates of a linearized projection-difference method for a differential equation with a monotone operator

We study a projection-difference method of solving the Cauchy problem for an operatordifferential equation with a selfadjoint leading operator A(t) and a nonlinear monotone subordinate operator K(·) in a Hilbert space. This method leads to a solution of a system of linear algebraic equations at each time level. Error estimates are derived for approximate solutions as well as for fractional powers of the operator A(t). The method is applied to a model parabolic problem.     

A remark on the range of elementary operators

Let L(H) denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a separable infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space H into itself. Given A ∈ L(H), we define the elementary operator Δ _A : L(H) → L(H) by Δ _A (X) = AXA − X. In this paper we study the class of operators A ∈ L(H) which have the following property: ATA = T implies AT*A = T* for all trace class operators T ∈ C ₁(H). Such operators are termed generalized quasi-adjoints. The main result is the equivalence between this character and the fact that the ultraweak closure of the range of Δ _A is closed under taking adjoints. We give a characterization and some basic results concerning generalized quasi-adjoints operators.     

Well-posedness of the cauchy problem for complete second-order operator-differential equations

For the equation y″(t)+Ay′(t)+By(t)=0, where A and B are arbitrary commuting normal operators in a Hilbert space H, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for well-posedness of the Cauchy problem in the space of initial data D(B)×(D(A)∩D(|B|^1/2)) and for weak well-posedness of the Cauchy problem in H×H_(|A|+|B|^1/2+1). This condition is expressed in terms of location of the joint spectrum of the operators A and B in C ². In terms of location of the spectrum of the operator pencil z ²+Az+B in C ¹, such a condition cannot be written.     

Convergence estimates of a projection-difference method for an operator-differential equation

This article investigates the projection-difference method for a Cauchy problem for a linear operator-differential equation with a leading self-adjoint operator A(t) and a subordinate linear operator K(t) in Hilbert space. This method leads to the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations on each time level; moreover, the projection subspaces are linear spans of eigenvectors of an operator similar to A(t). The convergence estimates are obtained. The application of the developed method for solving the initial boundary value problem is given.     

Contractions with rank one defect operators and truncated CMV matrices

The main issue we address in the present paper are the new models for completely nonunitary contractions with rank one defect operators acting on some Hilbert space of dimension N?∞. These models complement nicely the well-known models of Livšic and Sz.-Nagy-Foias. We show that each such operator acting on some finite-dimensional (respectively, separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space) is unitarily equivalent to some finite (respectively semi-infinite) truncated CMV matrix obtained from the “full” CMV matrix by deleting the first row and the first column, and acting in CN (respectively ?²(N)). This result can be viewed as a nonunitary version of the famous characterization of unitary operators with a simple spectrum due to Cantero, Moral and Velázquez, as well as an analog for contraction operators of the result from [Yu. Arlinski?, E. Tsekanovski?, Non-self-adjoint Jacobi matrices with a rank-one imaginary part, J. Funct. Anal. 241 (2006) 383-438] concerning dissipative non-self-adjoint operators with a rank one imaginary part. It is shown that another functional model for contractions with rank one defect operators takes the form of the compression f(ζ)→PK(ζf(ζ)) on the Hilbert space L²(T,dμ) with a probability measure μ onto the subspace K=L²(T,dμ)?C. The relationship between characteristic functions of sub-matrices of the truncated CMV matrix with rank one defect operators and the corresponding Schur iterates is established. We develop direct and inverse spectral analysis for finite and semi-infinite truncated CMV matrices. In particular, we study the problem of reconstruction of such matrices from their spectrum or the mixed spectral data involving Schur parameters. It is pointed out that if the mixed spectral data contains zero eigenvalue, then no solution, unique solution or infinitely many solutions may occur in the inverse problem for truncated CMV matrices. The uniqueness theorem for recovered truncated CMV matrix from the given mixed spectral data is established. In this part the paper is closely related to the results of Hochstadt and Gesztesy-Simon obtained for finite self-adjoint Jacobi matrices.     

The sum of unitary similarity orbits containing only special operators

Let B(H) be the algebra of bounded linear operator acting on a Hilbert space H (over the complex or real field). Characterization is given to A₁,…,A_k∈B(H) such that for any unitary operators is always in a special class S of operators such as normal operators, self-adjoint operators, unitary operators. As corollaries, characterizations are given to A∈B(H) such that complex, real or nonnegative linear combinations of operators in its unitary orbit U(A)={U^∗AU:Uunitary} always lie in S.     

Semigroups associated with analytic Schrödinger operators

If the potential in a two-particle system is the boundary value of an analytic function, the physical Hamiltonian H(0) has an analytic continuation H(φ). The continuous spectrum of H(φ) consists of the half-line Y(0, φ) which runs from 0 to ∞e^2iφ. Integrating along lines parallel to Y(0, φ), this paper examines the Fourier transform of the resolvent R(λ, φ). The integration path passing through ±iεe^2iφ yields semigroups {U(t, ±iεe^2iφ, φ)} (t > 0 and t < 0). Under the assumption that the potential is local and belongs to suitable $\text{L}$^p-spaces, it is shown that the semigroups tend to norm limits as ε tends to 0. The proof is based on the Paley-Wiener theorem for functions in a strip. It generalizes to multiparticle systems under conditions on R(λ, φ) that are to be verified with the help of the theory of smooth operators.     

All-derivable points of operator algebras

Let A be an operator subalgebra in B(H), where H is a Hilbert space. We say that an element Z∈A is an all-derivable point of A for the norm-topology (strongly operator topology, etc.) if, every norm-topology (strongly operator topology, etc.) continuous derivable linear mapping φ at Z (i.e. φ(ST)=φ(S)T+Sφ(T) for any S,T∈A with ST=Z) is a derivation. In this paper, we show that every invertible operator in the nest algebra is an all-derivable point of the nest algebra for the strongly operator topology. We also prove that every nonzero element of the algebra of all 2×2 upper triangular matrixes is an all-derivable point of the algebra.     

Friedrichs extensions of Schrödinger operators with singular potentials

The Friedrichs extension for the generalized spiked harmonic oscillator given by the singular differential operator −d²/dx²+Bx²+Ax⁻²+λx^−α (B>0, A?0) in L₂(0,∞) is studied. We look at two different domains of definition for each of these differential operators in L₂(0,∞), namely C₀^∞(0,∞) and D(T_2,F)∩D(M_λ,α), where the latter is a subspace of the Sobolev space W_2,2(0,∞). Adjoints of these differential operators on C₀^∞(0,∞) exist as result of the null-space properties of functionals. For the other domain, convolutions and Jensen and Minkowski integral inequalities, density of C₀^∞(0,∞) in D(T_2,F)∩D(M_λ,α) in L₂(0,∞) lead to the other adjoints. Further density properties C₀^∞(0,∞) in D(T_2,F)∩D(M_λ,α) yield the Friedrichs extension of these differential operators with domains of definition D(T_2,F)∩D(M_λ,α).