A Hybrid Method of Solving the Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problem in Lossy Medium

A hybrid method of solving the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem in a lossy medium is proposed. The gradient search method is first used to determine the spatial distribution of the target, then the Monte Carlo method is selected to calculate the conductivity and permittivity of the scatterer. The results of numerical experiments verify that the hybrid method of combining the two ways is high-precision, efficient, and suited to global optimization.     

Rescaling of 2D ESEEM Data as a Tool for Inverse Problem Solving

A rescaling procedure is proposed for electron spin echo envelope modulation spectra observed at several electron paramagnetic resonance transitions. Analytical expressions describing the relations between the rescaled frequencies and hyperfine and quadrupole parameters of the remote nucleus are obtained. The dependences of the rescaled data on the external magnetic field and spin projections of the ion nucleus and the remote nuclei are used to derive the parameters of the nuclear state in the crystals Y₂SiO₅ and YVO₄ doped by ion Nd³⁺.     

Determination of Protolytic Constants by Trilinear Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Protolytic equilibria often have profound effects on chemical activity, since protolytic species usually behave quite differently. It is therefore important to characterize the protolytic properties of important chemicals. Here we present a new approach to study protolytic equilibria of fluorescent species that is extremely accurate and relies on minimum assumptions. We show that by measuring 2-dimensional excitation/emission scans of samples at different pH. the 3-dimensional experimental data set, I(lambda(ex), lambda(em), C(pH)), can be unambiguously decomposed into the spectral responses of the protolytic species present as well as their concentration. The approach is demonstrated on the protolytic equilibrium of fluorescein. Although the fluorescein monoanion cannot be obtained in pure form, the spectra and concentrations of both fluorescein species, as well as the protolytic constant, are determined with excellent accuracy. The proposed method is general and can be applied not only for studies of protolytic equilibria, but on any chemical equilibria and chemical reactions involving fluorescent species.     

脉冲堆积方式产生整形脉冲的逆问题

在利用光纤脉冲堆积器进行脉冲时间整形时,存在如何确定光纤脉冲堆积器各路的延时、衰减等参数以产生所需脉冲波形的问题.为此分非相干脉冲堆积和部分相干脉冲堆积两种情况,定量分析了堆积脉冲的特性.在此基础上,提出了一种逆算方法,使得在任意给定时间波形情况下,均可以通过该逆算方法,简单而准确地计算出光纤脉冲堆积器参数.研究结果表明,非相干堆积而成的脉冲波形较为平滑,而部分相干堆积而成的脉冲波形则存在一定的调制;按逆算结果堆积而成的脉冲波形与给定波形符合很好.     

利用透射光谱反演硒化锌的光学常数

建立了单块样品和两块叠加样品的透射比计算模型,并提出了一种基于两块相同厚度样品叠加后的透射光谱反演其光学常数的新方法。通过Bruke V70傅里叶光谱仪测试了不同厚度单块硒化锌样品以及两块硒化锌样品叠加的1.33～21 μm范围的透射光谱,结合实验透射光谱利用光学常数反演方法,计算得到了硒化锌样品的光学常数。部分反演结果与文献中数据进行比较,验证了反演方法的可靠性。     

准确把握物理模型 提高解题能力

在物理教学中,学生常常反映解题难.其中重要的原因之一就是学生对题目的物理过程不理解,不能把题目中的过程和物体简化成理想的物理模型.     

烷烃与羟基自由基反应速率常数的估算

根据烷烃分子中碳氢键离解能与烷基Ri的极化效应指数(PEI)的关系,由PEI表达烷烃C-H键与羟基自由基反应的活化能E;用烷基Ri的拓扑立体效应指数(TSEI)定量相关阿仑尼乌斯公式中的指数前因子A.研究表明PEI、TSEI和温度T三参数可以定量关联羟基自由基与烷烃中伯、仲、叔碳氢键反应的活性.所得方程可以准确地区分不同C-H键的活性.结合烷基Ri的PEI和TSEI参数用于预测不同温度下烷烃、环烷烃与羟基自由基反应的绝对速率常数和相对速率常数,预测值与实验值一致.     

1D Determination of Long-Range Heteronuclear Coupling Constants by Gradient Enhanced SIMBA

Two¹H-detected one-dimensional gradient enhanced experiments and corresponding reference experiments are proposed for the measurement of heteronuclear long-rangeⁿJ_CHcoupling constants in organic molecules. These experiments use inverse detection and selective carbon excitation, provide excellent suppression of protons not coupled to¹³C, and are able to measure couplings from regions that are crowded in both the proton and carbon frequency ranges. The experiments are applied to determine the long-rangeⁿJ_CHcouplings in the sucrose molecule, including coupling across the glycosidic linkage. These pulse sequences are shown to provide accurate and efficient measurements of coupling constants that would be difficult or time-consuming to measure by other techniques.     

用微元法求解平方反比规律力或场问题类比分析

类比分析了用微元法求解无限长的均质直线与质点的引力，无限长均匀带电直线产生的电场分布以及与点电荷的库仑力，无限长载流导线的磁场分布．     

The Inverse Problem of Argon Diffusion from Minerals: Determination of Kinetic Parameters from Stepwise-Heating Experiments

Abstract

Results of two routine ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar stepwise heating experiments on a biotite and a basanite are interpreted in terms of Fick's and Arrhenius' laws. Both patterns represent a saddle-shaped ³⁹Ar release. Argon isotope spectra are suggested to be controlled by the activation energy of diffusion E and the frequency factor D_o . The activation energy of ³⁹Ar is lower than the one of ⁴⁰Ar. This results in a preferable release of ⁴⁰Ar relatively to ³⁹Ar at high-temperature steps and an increasing high-temperature wing in the saddle-shaped age spectrum. At low temperatures, considerable losses and irregularities in release of mainly ³⁹Ar are observed, which cause the decreasing low-temperature wing in the “saddle”. The suggestion of argon losses (mainly of ³⁹Ar) from a loose, “unstable” zone of the mineral structures becomes justified. The n-irradiation of the samples and the shift of E of ³⁹Ar towards lower values seems to explain the saddle-shaped age-spectra often encountered in ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar-geochronometry.     

Determination of the Protonation Constants of Gadolinium(Iii) Diethyltriaminepentaacetic Acid by Solvent Extraction and Icp-Aes

Abstract

The first and second protonation constant (logβ₁₁₁,logβ₁₂₁ ) of the metal-ligand complex Gadolinium(III)-diethyltriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) have been determined to be 2.27 and 1.52 at 25 °C and I = 0.1. A technique in which the three complexes (H₂Gd-DTPA, HGd-DTPA^?1, Gd-DTPA^?2) are separated according to their relative polarity is utilized. An inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) is used to determine the relative concentrations of each species by monitoring the gadolinium concentration.     

一道竞赛题的解法辨析

有下面一道初中物理竞赛试题． 【例1】如图1所示，竖直放置的C形细管中，充满了水，A、B端口都处用手堵住，随后同时放开两手指，则水将 A．从4端流出 B．从B端流出 C．从4、B端同时流出 D．从A、B端流出，后从B端流出 答案：选项B．     

Inverse Problem of the Theory of Reflection for Three-Layer Structures

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - We propose an original approach to analyzing the exact solution of the direct problem in the theory of reflection that allows an algorithm for...     

Direct Solution of the Inverse Problem for Rough Surface Scattering

We consider the inverse scattering problem for a scalar wave field incident on a perfectly conducting one-dimensional rough surface. The Dirichlet Green function for the upper half-plane is introduced, in place of the free-space Green function, as the fundamental solution to the Helmholtz equation. Based on this half-plane Green function, two reasonable approximate operations are performed, and an integral equation is formulated to approximate the total field in the two-dimensional space, then to determine the profile of the rough surface as a minimum of the total field. Reconstructions of sinusoidal, non-sinusoidal and random rough surface are performed using numerical techniques. Good agreement of these results demonstrates that the inverse scattering method is reliable.     

Solutions of the Multivariate Inverse Frobenius–Perron Problem

We address the inverse Frobenius–Perron problem: given a prescribed target distribution ρ, find a deterministic map M such that iterations of M tend to ρ in distribution. We show that all solutions may be written in terms of a factorization that combines the forward and inverse Rosenblatt transformations with a uniform map; that is, a map under which the uniform distribution on the d-dimensional hypercube is invariant. Indeed, every solution is equivalent to the choice of a uniform map. We motivate this factorization via one-dimensional examples, and then use the factorization to present solutions in one and two dimensions induced by a range of uniform maps.     

On Lambda and Time Operators: the Inverse Intertwining Problem Revisited

An exact theory of irreversibility was proposed by Misra, Prigogine and Courbage, based on non-unitary similarity transformations Λ that intertwine reversible dynamics and irreversible ones. This would advocate the idea that irreversible behavior would originate at the microscopic level. Reversible evolution with an internal time operator have the intertwining property. Recently the inverse intertwining problem has been answered in the negative, that is, not every unitary evolution allowing such Λ-transformation has an internal time. This work contributes new results in this direction.     

Determination of the Solubility Parameter of Epoxidized Soybean Oil by Inverse Gas Chromatography

The thermodynamic parameters of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) were determined by means of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) in the temperature range of 303.15 K-343.15 K. Two groups of probe solvents with different chemical natures and polarities were used to obtain information about ESO. The thermodynamic parameters—such as molar heat of sorption, weight fraction activity coefficient, Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, and partial molar heat of mixing—were obtained to judge the interactions between ESO and solvents at the studied temperatures. Also, the solubility parameters of ESO were found by plotting the graph of δ₁ ²/(RT) – χ^∞ ₁₂/V₁ vs. solubility parameters, δ₁, of the probes. The results showed that the selected solvent ethyl acetate was a moderate solvent for ESO; n-hexane was a moderate (but close to a better) solvent; while the probes n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and chloroform were excellent solvents. From the extrapolation to 298 K, the solubility parameter value of ESO was 16.70 (J/cm³)^0.5.     

DNA Binding and Photocleavage Study of Cationic Metalloporphyrins by Spectral Methods

The DNA binding and photocleavage specificities of the Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(III), Mn(III) complexes of 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(4-propionoxyphenyl)porphyrin have been studied by using a combination of absorption, fluorescence titration, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectroscopy, thermal DNA denaturation as well as gel electrophoresis experiment. It is found that Cu(II) porphyrin has comparable binding ability with the free base porphyrin while the axial-coordinated Zn(II), Co(III), and Mn(III) porphyrins have lower K_b because of the molecular steric hindrance. However, those metalloporphyrins with lower K_b have similar DNA cleavage efficiencies with the free base porphyrin. This could be best understood by the enhancement of the ¹O₂ productivity which may also result from the steric hindrance of the axial-coordinated metalloporphyrins.