Ionic liquid-containing polyethylene supported palladium: a green,highly efficient and stable catalyst for Suzuki reaction

The Suzuki coupling was carried out using a new, efficient and reusable polymer-supported Pd/IL catalyst (PEt@IL/Pd) under aqueous conditions. This catalyst was prepared through coacervation approach followed by treatment with Pd(OAc)₂. The FT-IR, SEM, TGA, TEM, XPS, ICP and EDX techniques were employed to characterize the PEt@IL/Pd. This catalyst exhibited high activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction under green conditions. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled and reapplied for six times with no appreciable loss in its activity. The leaching test also showed high stability of catalytic Pd species under applied conditions.     

The Knight route to cyclopiazonic acid: enantioselective synthesis of a key intermediate

The indole alkaloid α-cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is one of the few known inhibitors of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA) besides thapsigargin and artemisinin. Inhibitors of SERCA hold promise as novel anticancer and antimalarial drugs. Since its structure elucidation three racemic syntheses of α-cyclopiazonic acid have been published. We report now the first enantioselective and high yielding synthesis of a key-intermediate of the Knight synthesis, currently the most efficient route to CPA. Our synthesis is based on a diastereoselective 1,4-cuprate addition followed by an enolate azidation of an indolylacrylic acid modified with the Evans auxiliary.     

Facile synthesis of nanostructured Ni-Co/ZnO material: An efficient and inexpensive catalyst for Heck reactions under ligand-free conditions

A simple, efficient and economically viable method for the Heck reaction has been accomplished in the absence of phosphine ligand. The Heck reaction was performed using nanostructured Ni-Co/ZnO material as a heterogeneous catalyst in a DMF/H₂O solvent system and in the presence of K₂CO₃, at 120 °C. The Ni-Co/ZnO nanostructures were prepared by the facile reduction-impregnation method. The structural and morphological properties of Ni-Co/ZnO nanostructure were investigated using various physico-chemical characterization techniques. Structural studies displayed the formation of hexagonal (wurtzite) ZnO. Electron microscopy imaging showed the presence of agglomerated clusters of Ni-Co nanoparticles over the surfaces of elliptical, flower bud-like and irregularly shaped sub-micron sized particle bundles of ZnO. The elemental composition analysis (EDX) confirmed the loading of Ni and Co nanoparticles over the nanocrystalline ZnO. The surface chemical state analysis of Ni-Co/ZnO material validated that Ni nanostructure exists in Ni²⁺ and Ni³⁺ species, whereas, Co nanostructure exists in Co²⁺ and Co³⁺ species. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy displays red shift in the light absorption edge of Ni-Co/ZnO catalyst compared to pure ZnO. The as-prepared Ni-Co bimetallic supported ZnO nanostructure showed better catalytic activity and stability for the Heck reactions under phosphine ligand-free conditions. Ni-Co/ZnO catalyzed Heck reactions afforded the corresponding cross-coupled products with moderate to good yields (up to 92%). Ni-Co/ZnO catalyst could be reused for five successive runs without significant loss of catalytic activity.     

Silica-supported zinc bromide (ZnBr2/SiO2): a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for coupling acid chlorides with terminal alkynes

Silica-supported zinc bromide (ZnBr₂/SiO₂) is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid synthesis of ynones by cross-coupling of acid chlorides with terminal alkynes in good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.     

Asymmetric organocatalytic reactions of o-hydroxycinnamaldehydes with organoboronic acids: a facile enantioselective access to chromanes and dihydrobenzopyranes

Catalytic asymmetric 1,4-addition reactions of organoboronic acids to o-hydroxycinnamaldehydes, which afford chromanes and dihydrobenzopyranes, have been established using an organocatalyst derived from imidazolidinone. The chromanes have been obtained in high chemical yields and enantioselectivities and can be readily used to obtain a variety of chromane derivatives through subsequent transformations.     

Pd/Nb2O5: efficient supported palladium heterogeneous catalyst in the production of key intermediates for the synthesis of ‘sartans’ via the Suzuki reaction

Pd/Nb₂O₅ was prepared, characterized and tested in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions under ligand-free conditions. High yields and selectivities were observed within short reaction times and very low palladium loadings.     

Asymmetric enamide hydrogenation in the synthesis of N-acetylcolchinol: a key intermediate for ZD6126

A synthesis of N-acetylcolchinol, a key intermediate in the synthesis of ZD6126, was developed. The enantiodifferentiating step required the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of an enamide. After screening a range of metal and ligand combinations it was found that (S,S)-ⁱPr-FerroTANE Ru(methallyl)₂ and [(S,S)-^tBuFerroTANE Rh(COD)]BF₄ gave both high enantioselectivity (>90% ee) and high catalyst utility (molar S/C = 1000).     

Heterogenized tungsten complex: an efficient and high yielding catalyst for the synthesis of structurally diverse tetra substituted pyrrole derivatives via four-component assembly

An efficient, high yielding, and expeditious method has been developed for the synthesis of diversity oriented pyrrole derivatives via a four component, one-pot cyclocondensation reaction of amines, aldehydes, α-methylene ketones, and nitroalkanes using silica supported tungstic acid as a heterogeneous catalyst for the first time. The scope of the domino reaction is successfully explored toward synthesis of highly aryl-substituted pyrroles. The reaction was conveniently promoted by silica supported tungstic acid and the catalyst could be recovered easily after the reaction and reused without any loss of its catalytic activity. The advantageous features of this methodology are high atom-economy, operational simplicity, shorter reaction time, convergence, and facile automation.     

Pd/C: an efficient, heterogeneous and reusable catalyst for carbon monoxide-free aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides

Carbon monoxide-free aminocarbonylation is carried out efficiently via coupling of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with aryl iodides using Pd/C as a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst exhibits remarkable activity and is reusable for up to three consecutive cycles. The reaction is applicable to a wide variety of substituted aryl iodides with different steric and electronic properties providing excellent yields of the corresponding tertiary amides.     

基于多金属氧酸盐的介孔离子催化剂催化苯一步氧化制苯酚（英文）

苯酚是一种重要的有机化工原料,工业上主要采用合成路线长、原子利用率低、能耗高、环境污染严重的异丙苯法生产.当前,随着绿色化学的普及,H_2O_2催化苯一步氧化制苯酚受到越来越多的关注.在研究的众多催化剂中,钒取代杂多酸被认为是该反应最有效的催化剂之一.然而,纯杂多酸易溶于H_2O_2催化的苯羟基化反应体系,导致污染严重、后处理和分离困难.为了获得可回收的固体杂多酸催化剂,通常将其负载于多孔载体上,但这种方法常伴随着活性组分易溶脱,反应速率慢等缺点.因此,在H_2O_2催化苯一步氧化制苯酚体系中获得高效、可重复使用的杂多酸基固体催化剂仍然是一个挑战.采用有机单元修饰杂多酸是制备杂多酸基固体催化剂的有效方法.研究表明,有机基团的引入可以有效调控杂多酸的溶解性和氧化还原性.另一方面,催化剂中的疏水微环境也能有效促进非极性底物与催化活性中心的相互作用,提高反应速率,改善催化活性.因此,我们通过离子交换法将对二甲苯型双核咪唑离子液体阳离子与含钒杂多阴离子结合,研究制备了一种具有疏水微环境的介孔杂多酸基离子固体催化剂.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、N2吸附-脱附和CHN元素分析等表征手段对催化剂进行全面分析.结果表明,该催化剂是一种具有较高比表面积的半无定形疏水有机杂多酸盐.在H_2O_2催化的苯一步氧化制苯酚反应中引导了液-固两相催化体系,在反应时间1 h,反应温度70 oC,苯酚产率可达到28.9%,与均相纯杂多酸的催化活性基本相当,且催化剂重复使用性能良好.催化剂构效关系和反应动力学研究表明,高比表面积和疏水微环境的构建加快了苯与催化活性中心的相互作用,提高了催化反应速率和产物选择性.同时,咪唑基离子液体阳离子通过分子内的电子相互作用改善了杂多阴离子的氧化还原能力,也赋予固体催化剂更高的催化活性.该研究为H_2O_2催化苯一步氧化制苯酚反应提供了一种制备简单,经济高效,可重复使用的杂多酸基固体催化剂.     

MCM-41-supported bidentate phosphine palladium(0) complex: a highly active and recyclable catalyst for the Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides

The first MCM-41-supported bidentate phosphine palladium(0) complex has been prepared. This complex is a highly efficient catalyst for Sonogashira reaction and can be reused at least 10 times without any decrease in activity.     

Polymer-supported zinc chloride: a highly active and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles

Abstract  A polymer-supported Lewis acid catalyst was prepared and found to be extremely efficient for the preparation of imidazole derivatives via three-component condensation of benzil, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate under mild conditions. The catalyst is stable and can be easily recovered and reused at least four times without any loss of activity. Graphical Abstract        

One-pot synthesis of α-alkylated nitriles with carbonyl compounds through consecutive aldol reaction/hydrogenation using a hydrotalcite-supported palladium nanoparticle as a multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst

α-Alkylation of various nitriles with carbonyl compounds successfully proceeded using a hydrotalcite-supported palladium nanoparticle as a multifunctional catalyst. The alkylated nitriles were formed through aldol reaction at base sites on the hydrotalcite surface followed by hydrogenation by molecular hydrogen on the palladium nanoparticle.     

An efficient method for the multicomponent synthesis of multisubstituted pyridines,a rapid procedure using Au/MgO as the catalyst

Au/MgO proved to be a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for multicomponent coupling reactions at 70 °C. The synthesized multisubstituted pyridines were obtained in high yields and in short reaction times. With facile work-up, the novel catalyst can be readily recovered after the reaction and reused without any loss of its catalytic activity.     

Silica supported perchloric acid(HClO4-SiO2):A mild,reusable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of axidoalkyl naphthols

An efficient and direct procedure has been developed for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols by a one-pot condensation of aryl aldehydes,2-naphthol and urea or amides,in the presence of HClO4-SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst.The reactions were carried out under reflux and solvent-free conditions.The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields,simple procedure,easy work-up and ecofriendly reaction condition.The catalystis easily prepared,stable,reusable and efficient under the reaction conditions.     

Silica supported perchloric acid （HClO4-SiO2）： A mild,reusable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols

An efficient and direct procedure has been developed for the preparation of amidoalkyl naphthols by a one-pot condensation of aryl aldehydes, 2-naphthol and urea or amides, in the presence of HClO4-SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The reactions were carried out under reflux and solvent-free conditions. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, simple procedure, easy work-up and ecofriendly reaction condition. The catalyst is easily prepared, stable, reusable and efficient under the reaction conditions.     

Ceria/vinylpyridine polymer nanocomposite: an ecofriendly catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

The three-component condensation of aldehydes, β-ketoesters and urea has been carried out in water using ceria (cerium oxide, CeO₂) nanoparticles supported on poly(4vp-co-dvb) as a catalyst for the preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones in good yields. The catalyst was recovered easily and reused without loss of its activity.     

Novel synthesis of silica-coated magnetic nano-particles based on acidic ionic liquid,as a highly efficient catalyst for three component system leads to furans derivatives

In this work, thiocarbohydrazide doped iron nanoparticles as a novel, green, heterogeneous, and inexpensive catalyst is reported. This catalyzed the three components reaction of dialkylacetylenedicarboxylate with aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines to yield the corresponding furan derivatives EtOH. An indispensable part of green chemistry is to be able to recover and reuse catalysts without any notable drop in catalytic activity. The analysis of catalyst and application of that for the synthesis of title compounds in high yields reveal this property. The formation, size of the metal ions present in the material is confirmed by powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).