Electron-hole symmetry and magnetic coupling in antiferromagnetic LaFeAsO

When either electron or hole doped at concentrations x approximately 0.1, the LaFeAsO family displays remarkably high temperature superconductivity with Tc up to 55 K. In the most energetically stable Q-->M=(pi,pi,0) antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase comprised of tetragonal-symmetry breaking alternating chains of aligned spins, there is a deep pseudogap in the Fe 3d states centered at the Fermi energy arising from light carriers (m* approximately 0.25-0.33), and very strong magnetophonon coupling is uncovered. Doping (of either sign) beyond x approximately 0.08 results in heavy carriers per Fe (by roughly an order of magnitude) with a large Fermi surface. Calculated Fe-Fe transverse exchange couplings Jij(R) reveal that exchange coupling is strongly dependent on both the AFM symmetry and on the Fe-As distance.     

Electron-hole pairing with nonzero momentum in a graphene bilayer

Electron-hole pairing due to the Coulomb interaction in the system of two graphene sheets has been considered. The critical transition temperature has been determined as a function of both the distance between the electron and hole Fermi lines and the triangular distortion of their spectrum. It has been shown that when the distance between Fermi lines is longer than a critical value, the temperature of the transition to a state with nonzero momentum of Cooper pairs (Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state) is higher than the temperature of the transition to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state. The Josephson effect for the FFLO state has been analyzed, which is due to the tunneling of charge carriers between the graphene sheets. It has been shown that the spatial structure of the order parameter of the system in this state can be reconstructed, i.e., the FFLO state can be identified from the dependence of the tunneling current on the magnetic field parallel to the graphene sheets. Other experimental methods for studying the phase diagram of the system have been discussed.     

Superconducting pairing symmetry in frustrating t-J model: Electronic Raman absorption

Motivated by the controversy on the pairing symmetry of layered organic superconductors,we study electronic Raman scattering spectra on a frustrating lattice. A two-dimensionalt-t′-J-J′model and the Gutzwiller projectional variational method is used. The pairing symmetry isobtained self-consistently. Basing on this, we perform a systematic investigation of thedensity of states and electronic Raman spectra as a function oft′/t: ranging fromt′ = 0, the square lattice model, tot′ = t, the isotropic triangular latticemodel. We discuss the polarization dependence of the Raman spectra, which could be used toidentify the relevant superconducting pairing symmetry of frustrating systems such aslayered organic superconductors.     

Algebraic solutions of an extended pairing model for well deformed nuclei

A Nilsson mean-field plus extended pairing interaction Hamiltonian with many-pair interaction terms is proposed. Eigenvalues of the extended pairing model are easy to obtain. Our investigation shows that one- and two-body interactions continue to dominate the dynamics for relatively small values of the pairing strength. As the strength of the pairing interaction grows, however, the three- and higher many-body interaction terms grow in importance. A numerical study of even-odd mass differences in the (154-171)Yb isotopes shows that the extended pairing model is applicable to well deformed nuclei.     

Theory of pairing symmetry in the vortex states

We investigate pairing symmetry in an Abrikosov vortex and vortex lattice. It is shown that the Cooper pair wave function at the center of an Abrikosov vortex with vorticity m has a different parity with respect to frequency from that in the bulk if m is an odd number, while it has the same parity if m is an even number. As a result, in a conventional vortex with m = 1, the local density of states at the Fermi energy has a maximum (minimum) at the center of the vortex core in an even (odd)-frequency superconductor. In the vortex lattice of s-wave superconductor, we find that only odd-frequency pairing is present at the core centers, while at the midpoint of the vortex lines, only even-frequency pairing exists. Thus, the odd and even-frequency pairings also form the lattice in the vortex lattice state. We also propose a scanning tunneling microscope experiment using a superconducting tip to explore odd-frequency superconductivity.     

Effect of electron correlation on superconducting pairing symmetry

The role of electron correlation on different pairing symmetries are discussed in details where the electron correlation has been treated within the slave boson formalism. It is shown that for a pure s or pure d wave pairing symmetry, the electronic correlation suppresses the s wave gap magnitude (as well as the ) at a faster rate than that for the d wave gap. On the other hand, a complex order parameter of the form () shows anomalous temperature dependence. For example, if the temperature () at which the d wave component of the complex order parameter vanishes happens to be larger than that for the s wave component (), then the growth of the d wave component is arrested with the onset of the s wave component of the order parameter. In this mixed phase however, we find that the suppression in different components of the gap as well as the corresponding due to coulomb correlation are very sensitive to the relative pairing strengths of s and d channels as well as the underlying lattice. Interestingly enough, in such a scenario (for a case of )the gap magnitude of the d wave component increases with electron correlation but not for certain values of electron correlation. However, this never happens in case of the s wave component. We also calculate the temperature dependence of the superconducting gap along both the high symmetry directions ( and ) in a mixed symmetry pairing state and the thermal variation of the gap anisotropy [0pt][0pt] with electron correlation. The results are discussed with reference to experimental observations. Received: 26 August 1997 / Revised: 31 December 1997 / Accepted: 28 January 1998     

Evidence of doping-dependent pairing symmetry in cuprate superconductors

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies reveal long-range spatial homogeneity and predominantly d(x(2)-y(2))-pairing spectral characteristics in under- and optimally doped YBa2Cu 3O (7-delta) superconductors, whereas STS on YBa2(Cu 0.9934Zn 0.0026Mg (0.004))3O (6.9) exhibits microscopic spatial modulations and strong scattering near the Zn or Mg impurity sites, together with global suppression of the pairing potential. In contrast, in overdoped (Y 0.7Ca (0.3))Ba 2Cu 3O (7-delta), (d(x(2)-y(2))+s)-pairing symmetry is found, suggesting significant changes in the superconducting ground state at a critical doping value.     

Study of non-Fermi-liquid-like state and pairing symmetry in iron pnictides based on the multiorbital Hubbard-Holstein model

We study the five-orbital Hubbard-Holstein model, taking account of the electron–phonon (e-ph) interaction due to the Fe-ion oscillation. In order to include the self-energy correction, we employ the fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation. It is revealed that the orbital fluctuations are enhanced by the e-ph interaction, which causes a strong attractive pairing interaction. The orbital fluctuations give rise to highly anisotropic quasiparticle lifetime (hot/cold spot structure) and non-Fermi-liquid-like transport phenomena. From the phase diagram obtained by the FLEX approximation, we find that (i) s-wave state without sign reversal is stable for the moderate e-ph coupling in the broad parameter region, which is consistent with the experimental non-magnetic impurity effect, (ii) the renormalization induced by the orbital fluctuation is not so strong, and (iii) superconducting (SC) state with node can appear in the broad parameter region in the presence of impurities.     

Model construction and pairing symmetry for the iron-based oxypnictides

PC-19-INV: In order to clarify the mechanism of superconductivity in the iron-based compound recently discovered by Hosono’s group, we have first constructed a tight-binding model in terms of the maximally localized Wannier orbitals from a first-principles electronic structure calculation. The model has turned out to involve all the five Fe 3d bands. This is used to calculate the spin and charge susceptibilities with the five-band random-phase approximation, which are then plugged into the linearised Eliashberg equation. For a doped system we obtain an unconventional s-wave pairing with sign-reversing gap functions. To be more precise, the gap function is a 5×5 matrix, for which the diagonal elements mainly comprise d_x²-y² and d_yz,d_xz orbital components. The strong dependence of the gap between different orbitals may be observed experimentally.     

The pairing model

The consequences of the existence of pairing correlations in nuclei are discussed. Special attention is paid to the dynamical aspects of the pairing degree of freedom, as revealed by two-nucleon transfer reactions. These reactions constitute specific probes of the pairing collective modes.The mathematical framework in which the discussion is carried out is the BCS theory and the Random Phase Approximation.The borderline aspect of the subject, which lies between solid state and nuclear physics is emphasized, pointing out the similarities and differences between analogous phenomena of solid state and nuclear physics.     

Pairing symmetry and pairing state in ferropnictides: Theoretical overview

We review the main ingredients for an unconventional pairing state in the ferropnictides, with particular emphasis on interband pairing due to magnetic fluctuations. Summarizing the key experimental prerequisites for such pairing, the electronic structure and nature of magnetic excitations, we discuss the properties of the s^± state that emerges as a likely candidate pairing state for these materials and survey experimental evidence in favor of and against this novel state of matter.     

Mean field solutions to singlet hopping and superconducting pairing within a two-band Hubbard model

The mean field Green function solution of the two-band singlet-hole Hubbard model for high-T _c superconductivity in cuprates (N.M. Plakida et al., Phys. Rev. B51, 16599 (1995), JETP 97, 331 (2003)) involves expressions of higher order correlation functions describing respectively the singlet hopping and the superconducting pairing. Rigorous derivation of their values is reported based on the finding that specific invariant classes of polynomial Green functions in terms of the Wannier overlap coefficients v _ij exist. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

On the SO(7) symmetry of the SO(8) monopole and quadrupole pairing model

The SO(7) D-pairing symmetry of the SO(8) monopole and quadrupole pairing model is shown to be unusual in that there is no corresponding group generated only by number-conserving operators. Rather, the SO(7) symmetry is manifested in terms of number-conserving operators only by taking a particular combination of the Casimir operators appropriate for the other subgroup chains.     

Exact solutions for a type of electron pairing model with spin-orbit interactions and Zeeman coupling

A type of electron pairing model with spin-orbit interactions or Zeeman coupling is solved exactly in the framework of the Richardson ansatz. Based on the exact solutions for the case with spin-orbit interactions, it is shown rigorously that the pairing symmetry is of the p + ip wave and the ground state possesses time-reversal symmetry, regardless of the strength of the pairing interaction. Intriguingly, how Majorana fermions can emerge in the system is also elaborated. Exact results are illustrated for two systems, respectively, with spin-orbit interactions and Zeeman coupling.     

Quantum entanglement and pairing correlation in the reduced BCS pairing model

Using the particle-hole version of the density-matrix renormalization-group technique, the pairing correlation and the quantum entanglement of the reduced BCS pairing model are investigated. Both of them behave smoothly from the weak to the strong coupling regimes. A convergence radius (∼1/ln Ω) of condensation energy is detected by the first order derivative of the block-block entanglement. Furthermore, the block-block entanglement in the strong coupling regime shows distinct size dependence, and a logarithmic volume law is suggested numerically.     

Phase-sensitive evidence for d-wave pairing symmetry in electron-doped cuprate superconductors

We present phase-sensitive evidence that the electron-doped cuprates Nd(1.85)Ce(0.15)CuO(4-y) (NCCO) and Pr(1.85)Ce(0.15)CuO(4-y) (PCCO) have d-wave pairing symmetry. This evidence was obtained by observing the half-flux quantum effect, using a scanning SQUID microscope, in c-axis-oriented films of NCCO or PCCO epitaxially grown on tricrystal [100] SrTiO3 substrates designed to be frustrated for a d(x(2)-y(2)) order parameter. Samples with two other configurations, designed to be unfrustrated for a d-wave superconductor, do not show the half-flux quantum effect.     

Renormalization group analysis of competing orders and the pairing symmetry in Fe-based superconductors

We analyze antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in novel Fe-based superconductors within the weak-coupling, itinerant model of electron and hole pockets near (0, 0) and (π, π) in the folded Brillouin zone. We discuss the interaction Hamiltonian, the nesting, the RG flow of the couplings at energies above and below the Fermi energy, and the interplay between SDW magnetism, superconductivity and charge orbital order. We argue that SDW antiferromagnetism wins at zero doping but looses to superconductivity upon doping. We show that the most likely symmetry of the superconducting gap is A_1g in the folded zone. This gap has no nodes on the Fermi surface but changes sign between hole and electron pockets. We also argue that at weak coupling, this pairing predominantly comes not from spin fluctuation exchange but from a direct pair hopping between hole and electron pockets.     

Unified BCS-like model of pairing and alpha-correlations

We construct a BCS-like model that combines nucleonic pairing correlations and possible quartic correlations of alpha-type in a single variational wave function and derive corresponding gap equations. In the approximation of large logarithms typical for the BCS approach, we show that the system reveals two possible types of a condensate which cannot coexist. If the alpha-type condensate prevails at N = Z, the growth of the neutron excess will naturally lead to the first order phase transition to the nucleon condensates.