CuAPO-5分子筛的制备及对卷烟烟气中酚类的吸附性能研究

采用水热晶化法合成CuAPO-5磷酸铝改性分子筛,以XRD、XPS、BET为手段对分子筛样品进行表征,结果表明,分子筛具有AFI拓扑结构,骨架上加载上了铜离子,为正二价.在不同的金属比获得的分子筛材料中,当金属比为0.06时,所制备的CuAPO-5分子筛吸附性能最好,可降低卷烟烟气中62.46;的苯酚,高于现有的研究.研究了分子筛对苯酚的液相吸附动力学作为卷烟烟气中苯酚吸附的参考,该吸附符合二级动力力学(R2＞0.9).     

煤系高岭石插层合成X型沸石分子筛及其结构中钾的占位

归属于八面沸石结构(FAU)的X型沸石分子筛是一种重要的催化剂,在石油化工及吸附剂领域具有广泛应用前景,目前利用传统工艺生产的沸石分子筛价格昂贵.我国煤系高岭石资源丰富、品质优良,经过醋酸钾插层处理后,是合成X型分子筛的理想原料.本文应用X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重等多种表征技术,对高温焙烧后的高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物进行了表征.结果表明,焙烧高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物合成X型沸石的最佳温度为800℃,最佳浓度为30;.并进一步探讨了高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物合成X型沸石分子筛的机理、结构以及钾离子在沸石分子筛骨架外的分布位置.     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物水热转化FAU型分子筛的工艺与表征

以粉煤灰基地质聚合物为基本骨架,通过水热合成法将其原位转化为自支撑FAU型沸石分子筛.研究水热过程中NaOH浓度、NaOH体积、水热温度和水热时间对FAU型沸石分子筛结晶程度的影响,得到粉煤灰基地质聚合物原位转化FAU型沸石分子筛型体的适宜条件:水热温度100℃,NaOH浓度2.0 mol/L,NaOH体积50 mL,水热时间18 h.XRD、SEM和FTIR分析表明,所得FAU型分子筛结晶纯度高,具有致密又规则的八面体形貌,基本继承了地质聚合物的主要骨架结构,其抗压强度为18.8 MPa,BET比表面积为175.31 m2/g.该法工艺简单,环境友好.在此方法的基础上通过改变原料配比和反应条件,可以合成其他类型的沸石分子筛型体.     

硅钛比对TS-1骨架脱硅衍生介孔结构的影响

在相同碱酸处理条件下,通过骨架原子抽提对合成的不同Si/Ti摩尔比的TS-1分子筛进行介孔改性.用XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis、N2吸附、SEM和EDX技术,考察骨架组成对改性TS-1晶体结构、织构介孔率和骨架脱硅、脱钛选择性的影响.结果表明,改性材料具有尺度分布集中的双介孔结构,并较好地保持其前体的结构有序性.随起始Si/Ti摩尔比的提高,改性TS-1分子筛BET比表面积和总比孔容增加,相应的Si/Ti摩尔比、结晶度保留率和产率逐渐降低.进一步探究骨架中心原子脱除选择性和介孔生成效率与前体组成的关系.TS-1脱硅选择性远大于脱钛选择性,典型样品T-原子脱除效率(fT, S-meso和fT, V-meso, T=Si+Ti)高达2.6 m2·g-1·;-1和9.4×10-3 m3·g-1·;-1.     

BaBPO5和(H3O)Zn(H2O)2BP2O8·H2O的低温溶剂热合成及表征

以乙醇为溶剂,在低温条件下合成出了两种手性硼磷酸盐化合物BaBPO5(1)(T=120℃,t=5d)和(H3O)Zn(H2O)2BP2O8·H2O (2)(T=80℃,t=5d).XRD单晶衍射仪测定了化合物的结构,结果表明:(1)属三方晶系,P3221空间群,a=b=7.1162(3)(A),c=6.9979(6),(A)=3,该晶体含有一维线性链状阴离子结构;(2)属六方晶系,P6122空间群,a=b =9.513(2)(A),c=15.906(8),(A)=6.该晶体具有三维骨架结构.实验结果表明使用乙醇作溶剂可以极大降低硼磷酸盐的合成温度,进而有助于获得手性硼磷酸盐化合物,这为手性硼磷酸盐的合成提供了一种新思路.     

铁掺杂P型分子筛的合成及应用

采用水热合成法,按照摩尔比5Na_2O∶Al_2O_3∶8SiO_2∶xFe~(3+)∶(116～156)H_2O配料,草酸为铁离子的络合剂,经过室温搅拌成胶,100 ℃下于不锈钢反应釜中晶化20 h,合成了三种掺杂铁量不同的P型分子筛.利用XRD、FT-IR和SEM对产物进行了表征,分析结果表明铁掺杂P型分子筛与纯P型分子筛结构相同,其晶体粒度均匀且稍有增大;以合成的分子筛作为吸附剂考察了合成产物对水中氟离子、铅离子和钾离子的吸附性能,铁掺杂P型分子筛对氟离子的吸附性能明显增加,达到4.98 mg/g,而对铅离子和钾离子的吸附性能没有促进作用.     

微波辅助水热合成条件对直接合成纳米HZSM-5晶体性质的影响

利用微波辅助水热合成法直接制备了纳米HZSM-5晶体.采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET和NH3-TPD等手段对合成样品进行了分析表征,研究了晶化温度和时间对合成产物晶体性质的影响.结果表明,晶化温度和时间对微波辅助水热直接合成产物微观形貌、晶粒尺寸和分散度影响明显.较低的晶化温度和较短的晶化时间均难以形成形貌规则的HZSM-5晶体.随着晶化温度的升高,合成样品逐渐变为球形晶粒、晶粒尺寸逐渐增大、分散度逐渐提高,继续提高晶化温度达180 ℃时,晶粒长大使比表面积稍有降低;随着晶化时间的延长,样品的微孔和介孔增多,比表面积和孔容逐渐增大,继续延长晶化时间,晶体内微孔可能的收缩和晶粒的长大使得样品孔容和比表面积减小.160 ℃和1.5 h条件下制备的HZSM-5分子筛晶体形貌呈球形,晶粒尺寸约为60 nm,分散程度较好;其比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别为398.45 m2·g-1、0.63 cm3·g-1和6.27 nm;晶体表面具有弱酸特征.     

微波辅助水热条件对二乙胺合成SAPO-11晶体结构与性质的影响

以二乙胺为模板剂,利用微波辅助水热合成法制备了SAPO-11晶体,研究了水热温度和时间对合成产物晶体结构性质的影响。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET和NH3-TPD等手段对SAPO-11晶体的物相组成、骨架结构、微观形貌、孔结构及表面酸性进行了分析表征。研究结果表明,不同水热条件对SAPO-11晶体结构性质影响较大。反应温度低于180℃时,合成样品仅存SiO2物相,无SAPO-11晶相生成;反应温度高于200℃时,部分SAPO-11晶体二次生长致使晶粒均匀度和比表面积大幅下降;反应时间大于1 h时,SAPO-11晶体生长易转晶生成少量AlPO4-5和CFSAPO-1(C)杂晶相;在反应温度200℃,反应时间1 h条件下制备得到的纯相SAPO-11球形晶粒表面具有弱酸特征,比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别达199.4 m2·g-1,0.15 cm3·g-1和2.92 nm。     

三聚甲醛存在下EMT分子筛的合成及表征

以硅酸钠为硅源、铝酸钠为铝源,以三聚甲醛(TOX)为有机添加剂,室温下悬浮聚集陈化合成了EMT分子筛.考察了凝胶组成、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素对EMT分子筛合成的影响.采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET、ICP等手段对EMT分子筛进行了表征.结果表明,合成EMT分子筛适宜的条件为:凝胶摩尔组成nNa2O∶nAl2O3∶nSiO2∶nH2O∶nTOX=18.5∶1∶5∶240∶0.5,晶化温度30 ℃,晶化时间72 h,此条件下合成的EMT分子筛,XRD特征峰较强,与典型的EMT分子筛的特征衍射峰相吻合,相对结晶度为80.1;,经ICP分析计算Si/Al=2.01,BET比表面积为80.57 m2/g,孔容和孔径分别为0.03 cm3 /g和2.07 nm,SEM照片显示EMT为球形晶体颗粒团聚状生长,大小均匀,排列紧凑.     

使用四铵基头Bola型表面活性剂合成MFI片层分子筛

以正硅酸乙酯作为硅源,以偏铝酸钠作为铝源,以四头刚性Bola型表面活性剂(C6-6-10Br4)作为模板剂,在碱性条件下以30NaOH∶ 2.5NaAlO2∶125SiO2∶ 5SDA∶ 5000H2O作为配比,成功水热合成出了具有规整片层结构的MFI片层分子筛,并用XRD、SEM、TEM等对其进行了表征.选用苯甲醛与乙二醇的缩醛反应以及苯酚与叔丁醇的傅克烷基化反应对片层分子筛的催化性能进行了测定.结果表明:在大分子反应物催化反应中,由于扩散路径的缩短以及中微双孔结构的存在,MFI片层分子筛显示出了比普通ZSM-5分子筛更为强大的催化性能.     

Crystal structure of holtite II

The crystal structure of the As-containing mineral holtite II was refined by the Rietveld method. The orthorhombic unit-cell parameters are a = 4.6893(1) Å, b = 11.881(1) Å, c = 20.394(1) Å, sp. gr. Pnma, Z = 4. Holtite II has an octahedral framework structure composed of two types of nonequivalent columns of Al octahedra, which was found in the structures of dumortierite-group minerals and holtite I. The differences in the structures of holtite II and holtite I were revealed. These differences are associated with the differences in the composition and configuration of the columns of Al(1) polyhedra, which are located inside the framework and are linked to SiO₄ tetrahedra, as well as with the arrangement of pyramidal SbO₃ groups.     

Division of hydrate frameworks into cavities

The algorithms for analysis of shape and size of a cavity in a hydrate framework are considered. As an example, the framework structure of cubic structure II is analyzed.     

Model of the crystal structure of Np(VI) sulfate with dimethyl sulfoxide, NpO2SO4 ⋅ 2SO(CH3)2 ⋅ H2O

A new complex compound, neptunium(VI) sulfate, was grown from aqueous solutions and studied by the methods of X-ray structure analysis. The model of the crystal structure was determined by direct methods within the sp. gr. P2₁ and was refined in the anisotropic approximation (R = 6.2%, 1044 independent reflections). The structure is built by tetragonal and hexagonal Np bipyramids. A hexagonal bipyramid can be considered as a polyhedron derived from a pentagonal bipyramid, in which one equatorial O atom is replaced by two atoms located above and below the equatorial plane. The polyhedra are linked in chains through S-tetrahedra. The chains are linked into a three-dimensional framework by hydrogen bonds with the participation of DMSO groups.     

Influence of starting zeolite on synthesis of RUT type zeolite by interzeolite conversion method

In this study, hydrothermal conversions of ?BEA and FAU type zeolites using various structure-directing agents were carried out. Highly crystalline and pure RUT type zeolites were obtained from both zeolites in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. There were no major differences between the characteristics of the RUT type zeolites obtained from the two starting zeolites. However, the Si/Al ratio and the crystallization rate of the RUT type zeolites were strongly dependent on both the framework structure and the Si/Al ratio of the starting zeolite. That is, the crystallization rate of the RUT type zeolite from the *BEA type zeolite did not depend on the Si/Al ratio of the starting *BEA type zeolite, whereas the crystallization rate of the RUT type zeolite from the FAU type zeolite was dependent on the Si/Al ratio of the starting FAU type zeolite. This suggests that the chemical structure and the concentration of locally ordered aluminosilicate species produced by the decomposition/dissolution of the starting zeolite can be altered by changing the framework structure of the zeolite.     

Fabrication of MTN-type zeolite by self-assembling of supramolecular compound

MTN-type (Zeolite Socony Mobil Thirty-Nine) zeolite was prepared at 473 K by a novel method through self-assembling of a supramolecular compound called 2,4,6-tris (4-pyridyl) triazine (TPT) in DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide). The effects of fluoride, DMF and germanium on the synthesis of MTN-type zeolite were investigated. The crystallization was facilitated by adding fluoride to the synthesis solution, resulting in the formation of highly crystalline MTN samples, while some amorphous phase was observed in fluoride-free batches. DMF was required to obtain a highly crystalline MTN sample, since TPT dissolves easier in DMF than in water, thus facilitating the self-assembling of TPT into a 3D network to structure the MTN framework. The MTN structure could be synthesized at low germanium content (Ge/Si≤0.18), while AST (AlPO₄-sixteen) as a foreign phase is formed at high germanium substitution (Ge/Si≥0.5).     

Evolution of the magnetic excitation spectra of the YbB12 kondo insulator under variations in temperature

The results obtained from experiments on inelastic neutron scattering in the YbB₁₂ Kondo insulator are discussed. The structure of the magnetic excitation spectra and their evolution under variations in temperature are interpreted in the framework of a simple phenomenological model with due regard for the crystal field effects renormalized as a result of the influence of the intermediate valence state.     

Structural study of (Li2S)50(GeS2)50 glass by X-ray and neutron diffraction

(Li₂S)₅₀(GeS₂)₅₀ glass was characterized by high-energy X-ray diffraction. The results were compared with previous neutron diffraction data. Moreover, Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling was performed using the X-ray and neutron data in order to obtain a three-dimensional structural model. The RMC model showed that the Ge–S framework structure was formed mainly by the connection of corner-sharing GeS₄ tetrahedra. Furthermore, many lithium ions were coordinated by three non-bridging sulfurs and one bridging sulfur.     

Synthesis and investigation of the new phosphates K<Subscript>2</Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Ln</Emphasis>Zr(PO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>3</Subscript> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ln</Emphasis> = Ce-Yb,Y) with langbeinite Structure

New orthophosphates of potassium, zirconium, and rare earth elements K₂LnZr(PO₄)₃ (Ln = Ce-Yb, Y) that crystallize in a langbeinite structure (cubic system, sp. gr. P2₁3, Z = 4) were prepared and investigated by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The structure of the K₂PrZr(PO₄)₃ phosphate was refined by the Rietveld method using neutron powder diffraction data (DN-2 time-of-flight diffractometer, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna). This structure is characterized by a mixed framework [PrZr(PO₄)₃] with large cavities in which potassium cations are located. Pr³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ cations are distributed in order over two independent crystallographic positions. The limits of the incorporation of lanthanide cations into the anionic framework in phosphates with sodium-zirconium phosphate and langbeinite structures are considered.     

New phosphate Fe0.5Nb1.5(PO4)3 with an electrically neutral framework. Synthesis and crystal structure

A new iron-niobium phosphate, Fe_0.5Nb_1.5(PO₄)₃, has been prepared and studied by X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, IR spectroscopy, and neutron powder diffraction. On the basis of X-ray powder data, it was found that the synthesized phosphate crystallizes into the sp. gr. R $\bar 3$ c and corresponds to the structural type of sodium-zirconium phosphate NaZr₂(PO₄)₃. The structure was refined by the Rietveld method based on a powder neutron diffraction experiment. The obtained phosphate belongs to complex niobium orthophosphates and has a framework structure with a zero framework charge.